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The PVD coating system presents also the opportunity to create a multilayer structure. [5,6] This type of coating shows higher crack resistance, blocking cracks propagation, than the monolayer one, because of the alternating layer of different materials in nanometric scale.
In both case, adhesive and oxidative phenomena caused by material transfer from the pin to the coating were observed as main wear mechanisms.
[2] Yucong Wang, A study of PVD coatings and die materials for extended die-casting die life, Surface and Coatings Technology ,94-95 (1997) 60-63
[5] Veprek S The Search for Novel, Superhard Materials.
Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology 17: (1999) 2401–2420

Akinlabi3,c 1,2,3Department of Mechanical Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Kingsway Campus, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa.
LAT is used for building intricate parts, materials processing, manufacturing, maintenance, repair of worn-out components [9, 10, 11, 12], developing Functionally Graded Materials (FGM) and post-powder-deposition re-melting [13], usually in the biomedical and aerospace industries.
Semiatin, “The Laser Additive Manufacture of Ti-6Al-4V,” Journal of Manufacturing, pp. 40-42, 2001
[17] ASTM-International, “Designation: E23 − 12c Standard Test Methods for Nortched Bar Impact Testing for Metalic Materials,” ASTM-International, USA, 2013. [18] G.
Yaole, “The microstructure and texture analysis of Ti-6Al-4V alloy through linear friction welding,” in International Conference on Materials, Environmental and Biological Engineering (MEBE 2015), China, 2015.

The miniaturization of the electronic components implies the designing and using of the advanced materials for components as well as for their packaging.
Under these circumstances, the using of Ag-Cu powder particles as raw materials for the electronic and optical products provides great advantages.
Materials and experimental procedure The raw materials are Ag and Cu powder particles, their morphological properties are presented in Tab.1.
Koch, Synthesis of nanostructured materials by MA: problems and opportunities, Nanostructured Mat. 9, 1-8 (1997) 13-22 [14] S.
Milea: submitted to Journal of Thermal Analysis and Catalysis (2012)

Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is carried out with the frame against torsional loading using two different materials and reported [8].
Various properties of the material selected are given in Table 2.
[2] Shahram Azadi, Mohammad Azadi and Farshad Zahedi : NVH Analysis and improvement of a vehicle body structure using DOE method, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, Springer link Publications, Vol 23, (2009), p. 2980-2989
Babu, N.Prakash: Analysis of All Terrain Vehicle (ATV) for Impact Loading and Roll Over Considering the Safety of Occupants, Applied Mechanics and Materials, Vol.232, (2012), p. 878-881
Babu: Analysis of a Roll Cage Design against Various Impact Load and Longitudinal Torsion for Safety, Applied Mechanics and Materials, Vol.232, (2012), p. 819-822.

The main purpose of manufacturing logistics is to ensure the proper flow of materials and information in the production process.
● Materials management: Respondents highlighted that changes in the form of a reorganization of workstations and investment in infrastructure had a positive impact on the effectiveness and efficiency of operations.
Malindzak, The Basic Principle of Logistic Theory, In: Applied Mechanics and Materials, Vol. 708 (2015) 47-52
Zimon, The basic principles of the analyse for heuristic model creation in metalurgy, METAL 2014 - 23rd International Conference on Metallurgy and Materials, 2014, pp. 1438-1444
In National Science Foundation Workshop on Research Directions and Opportunities in Manufacturing Logistics.

Microstructure of Al-2.5Fe Binary Alloy Fabricated by Laser Powder Bed Fusion Xing Qi1,a*, Naoki Takata1,b, Asuka Suzuki1,c, Makoto Kobashi1,d, Masaki Kato2,e 1Department of Materials Process Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan 2Aichi Center for Industry and Science Technology, 1267-1 Akiai, Yakusa-cho, Toyota 470-0356, Japan aqi.xing@i.mbox.nagoya-u.ac.jp, btakata.naoki@material.nagoya-u.ac.jp, csuzuki.asuka@material.nagoya-u.ac.jp, dmakoto.kobashi@material.nagoya-u.ac.jp, emasaki_2_katou@pref.aichi.lg.jp Keywords: Laser Powder Bed Fusion, Al-Fe Binary Alloy, Melt Pool, Microstructure.
The Al-Fe alloys are candidate materials for heat exchange units in automobile or air-conditioning due to their high thermal conductivity, high specific strength and superior corrosion resistance.
It is generally known that brittle plate or needle-shaped Al-Fe intermetallic compounds formed in the conventional casted Al-Fe alloys often reduce the ductility of materials.
Lombardi, New aluminum alloys specifically designed for laser powder bed fusion: a review, Materials 12 (2019) 1007
Kimura, T.Nakamoto, Thermal and mechanical properties of commercial-purity aluminum fabricated using selective laser melting, Journal of The Japan Institute of Light Metals 66 (2016) 167–173

Introduction Steel bonded cemented carbide GT35, with steel matrix and titanium carbide particle reinforcements, provides a scope of producing relatively inexpensive wear-resistant materials which are widely used in the tools and mould industries [1].
However, materials produced via this route generally suffer from problems of porosity and contaminated interfaces between matrix-carbide phases, which badly impair the properties and performances of the composite [2].
Acknowledgements The authors wish to acknowledge the Guangxi science research and technology exploiture item (No. 05112001-2A4 and 063006-5C-09 and 0731003) for the financial help received to carry out this research work.
Materials Review.
Journal of Materials Engineering, Vol. 1 (2006), p.12-15

Several precious metal-free materials such as Co and Fe based macrocyclic compounds (porphyrins, phthalocyanines) have been suggested for the cathode of a DMFC, most of these materials have electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) [1].
Previous in vestigations were made with such materials adsorbed on a carbon or metal electrode or dispersed into a electron conducting polymer.
It was shown that such materials were efficient as the cathode catalyst in an alkaline fuel cell and that the most active macrocyclic compounds electrocatalyst was iron phthalocyanine (PcFe).
The phthalocyanine skeletal absorption bands at 750, 906, 947, 1060, 1088 and 1116 cm-1 are observed in the polymeric materials indicating the presence of phthalocyanine structures intact. 3.5.
Journal of power Sources 61 (1996) 227-237

Consequently, this leads to a reduction of the used raw material and a reduction of weight.
An isotropic elastoplastic material model was used to describe the material behavior.
In order to investigate the forming behavior of the materials with different diameter reduction, the necking value x was varied in four different cases, namely 0.5 mm, 2 mm, 4 mm and 6 mm.
Tekkaya, Innovative Machine Concepts for 3D Bending of Tubes and Profiles, Key Engineering Materials, Volume 473 (2011), 37-42
Tekkaya, A Simple Finite Strain Non-linear Visco-plastic Model for Thermoplastics and Its Application to the Simulation of Incremental Cold Forming of Polyvinylchloride (PVC), International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2012.11.007.

At the same time, PEEK based materials obtained by SLS are used not only for the creation of high-strength heat-resistant products, but also in tissue engineering for creating scaffolds [8, 9].
Analysis of the modern literature has shown that today there are quite extensive studies in the use of standard thermoplastic polymeric materials (mainly based on polyamide) in SLS.
Stucker, Additive Manufacturing Technologies: Rapid Prototyping to Direct Digital Manufacturing, Springer Science and Business Media, New York, 2010
Materials and Design. 61 (2014) 124-132
Shi, Material properties and fabrication parameters in selective laser sintering process, Rapid prototyping journal, 3 (1997) 129-136.