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However these methods usually assume that the structure is linear before and after damage which is not true in real structure, since earthquake damage causes a structure to exhibit nonlinear behavior due to the material nonlinearities associated with excessive deformation.
Acknowledgement The authors gratefully thank the financial support from the projects of the National Natural Science Foundation(Grant No: 51161120359) and Ministry of Science and Technology (Grant No: 2011BAK02B02).
Journal of Engineering Mechanics. 130(2004) 85-95
Journal of Engineering Mechanics ASCE 129(2003), 861-875
Journal of Engineering Mechanics ASCE 126(2000), 677-683

The structure consisting of high voltage electric equipments may be particularly vulnerable, because of its low damping ratio and a poorer deformation capacity of the material of the high voltage electric equipment.
Promoting the development of enterprises based on science and technology .
JOURNAL OF SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH, 2006, 29(4): 412-417.
Zhao, A generalized algorithm for optimal control of structures subjected to seismic excitation, Journal Dalian University of Technology. 44(6), (2004), 864-869.
Journal of System Simulation. 2007,19(18):4270-4278.

Those characteristics relate to the electromagnet structure, the external control signal, properties of the magnetic material, and so on.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation (50805128).
TAO G L: Development of an ε-type actuator for enhancing high-speed electro pneumatic ejector valve performance, Journal of Zhejiang University Science A, Vol. 9 (2008)，p.1 552-1 559．
TAO G L: Optimal design and test of high-frequency electrical injection valve．Journal of Agricultural Machinery.
Journal of Japan machine association.

Introduction To complex vehicle parts, the comprehensive size accuracy are affected by the size deviation of the design and stamping, mould wear, the material springback, at the same time, the assemblies size deviation formated by the assembling fixture locating, clamping element wear, the welding standard unreasonable, welding deformation also have affected to the comprehensive size accuracy[1,2].
Acknowledgement This work is supported by Science and technology plan projects of Liaoning Province under Grant 2011220055.
[4] Yan Rui-xia,Zhang Jian-guo,Zhai Yu-ming, Uncertainty measures of rough set over dual-universes, Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University, 56(12): 1841-1845, 2011
[5] Chen Gang,Wang Hong-qi, Sun Xian, Model selection for SVM classification based on kernel prototype and adaptive genetic algorithm, Journal of Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 29(1):62-69, 2012
[6] Liu Han-bing,Wu Chun-li,Cheng Yong-chun, Sensor placement on bridge structure based on genetic algorithms with different fitness functions, Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 56(1): 51-56, 2012

But titanium alloys are also difficult-to-machine materials with considerable manufacturing problems.
Residual stress balance is broken when cutting of materials in CNC machining process, which leads to the new balance of residual stress and causes the distortion of monolithic component.
It is assumed that heat conduction performance of materials is isotropic.
Materials & Design, 2012, 34: 679-684
Journal of Structure Engineering 2000, 3: 306-315 [4] C.

In this paper, the finite element software of ANSYS is adopted to study the influences of dimension parameters on the compression performance of FRP rubber bearing, considering the large deformation and incompressible properties of rubber materials.
In this paper, a two-parameter Mooney-Rivlin model is adopted to simulate the rubber materials, the mechanical properties can be expressed as: (1) Where, W is a generalized Mooney-Rivlin strain energy function; the material constants C10=0.433MPa, C01=0.146MPa were determined through tensile and shearing tests.
For most kinds of rubber material, the approximation is reasonable.
Acknowledgements The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by the Natural Science Foundation of China (National Key Project No. 50708074).
“Analysis of fiber-reinforced elastomeric isolator”, Journal of Seismology and Earthquake Engineering, 1999, 2:19-34

Introduction Because of limitation of raw materials and production technology, there are micro-cracks and nonuniformity inside the HSC, which make the inner structure of HSC extremely complex.
Materials Materials used in this test are as follows: 42.5 MPa Ordinary Portland Cement, ground slag (SL), silica fume (SF) and fly ash (FA) (their chemical components are shown by Table 1), artificial aggregate (the maximum size is 20 mm ), water reducer FDN.
Table 1 Chemical Compositions of Admixtures (%) Admixture SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 CaO MgO SO3 I.L SL 31.68 12.77 2.02 40.80 4.76 2.10 - SF 92.80 2.04 0.52 0.45 0.58 - 2.26 FA 56.03 24.85 3.65 4.10 1.31 0.52 0.27 Influence of Admixtures on Brittleness of HSC In this test, the water-cementitious materials ratio is lower than 0.3, and sand-aggregate ratio is 0.35.
[2] P.Metha: Structure, Performance and Materials of Concrete (Tongji University Press, Shanghai.
Journal of Chongqin Jianzhu University, Vol.24, NO.5, 2002, pp. 71-75

Nevertheless, several studies have reported room-temperature photoluminescence (PL) in Si-based materials [1, 2]; this opens the possibility of using Si as an efficient light source, which is attractive for potential applications in optoelectronics.
In addition, Si-based materials are compatible with the existing manufacturing infrastructure of integrated circuits (IC´s) [3].
The two most accepted mechanisms of visible and near-infrared light emission for this type of materials are the quantum confinement effect in Si-ncs and another related with the role of defects around of the Si-ncs or defects in the SiOx matrix [1-14].
T., Journal Silicon quantum wire array fabrication by electrochemical and chemical dissolution of wafers.
Coyopol, FTIR, AFM, and PL properties of thin SiOx films deposited by HFCVD.Materials Science and Engineering, 174, 88– 92, 2010

Introduction Aluminum-matrix composites (AMCs) possess many advantages such as high strength, high stiffness and excellent wear resistance, which make them increasingly being cited as candidate materials in many industrial applications [1-3].
Materials and Experimental procedure The material used for this research was an atomized commerically-pure aluminium (99%) powders.
Since matrix and particles materials that used in both direct and underwater method were similar, therefore bonding and distribution of SiC particles influenced bending strength excessively.
Acknowledgements The present research is partially supported by the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan.
Hokamoto, Journal of Material Processing Technolgy 115 (2001), p. 396 [11] K.

The main advantages in use lasers in materials processing is the ability to select the area to process, in other words: the laser beam can be placed exactly in the region of interest.
The laser beam radiation absorption in the material surface can be improved using coating or inks, made of carbon black, MoSi2 and graphite.
Ganeev: Journal of Materials Processing Technology Vol. 121 (2002), p. 414
Steen: Laser Material Processing. (1st ed.
Antunes: Materials Science Forum Vols. 660-661 (2010), p. 249