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According to measurement data, and diameter of borehole and water level in the borehole, the in-situ hydraulic conductivity of soil can be calculated Experiment Experimental set up four groups, namely the control group (no surfactant added) and treatment group (0.05g/L SDBS, 0.03g/L CTAB, 0.05g/L AEO9), each treatment for 3 repeats.
Hydraulic conductivity reductions were observed in the test soils with various surfactants added.
The surfactant type effect the reductions of soil hydraulic conductivity, and the nonionic surfactant decreased the hydraulic conductivity most significantly.
The decreasion of interfacil tension in soil/water, the swelling or flocculation of soil, and the agglutination of soil aggreates caused by surfactant could accunt for the reduction of hydraulic conductivity reduction.

Carbon is an ideal candidate as an outside coating material owing to its ease of functionalization, its reduction of the magnetic coupling between individual magnetic metal particles and its stability in acid or base, which may protect the encapsulated metals from environmental degradation.
Mu et al. report on a general ethanol reduction method for the preparation of PVP-stabilized noble metal nanoparticles in RTIL[10].
Ir and Rh nanoparticles have been synthesized in ILs by a chemical reduction[13].
Anisotropic gold nanoparticles have been synthesized by photochemical reduction in an ionogel template[14].
The peaks of Ni can be easily indexed to the JCPDS data of face-centered cubic Ni (No. 04-0850).

Standard quantile characteristics were calculated and compared to historical data.
The results showed that an update is necessary older data because sizes of attributes of Slovak population were increased about 4.5-5%.
The aim of this study is to compare historical data on selected anthropometric characteristics of the Slovak population [4] with recent data, acquired using the same methodology to a survey of adult students in Zvolen in the years 2000-2014.
Basic descriptive characteristics of measured data are illustrated in Table 1.
These were compared to historical data released by [10].

The system framework is a blackboard system, which encapsulates information sharing through the common data structure termed a blackboard.
It stores the current state of the solution, problem data, intermediate parameters and final emergency relief outcomes.
Data inside Emergency Stage are employed by Forward chaining inference mechanism to derive the next emergency process.
User-friendly displays are used to interact with end users by prompting for values and showing the output data.
The system checks for consistency and accuracy of all input data and prompts a warning message if the data is not within the specified range.

With the reduction of the particle size, the adsorption capacity of activated carbon gradually increased.
The reason is that the reduction of particle size can increase the adsorption surface area of absorbent.
Table 1 Results from linear fitting of Lagergren equation to experimental data for different particle sizes Particle size Pseudo-first-order Pseudo-second-order K1 [1/h] R2 Fitted equation K2 [1/h] R2 Fitted equation Raw carbon 0.0758 0.5503 y = -0.0329x - 0.743 3.25 0.9894 Y = 1.476x + 0.6701 18-100 mesh 0.0675 0.7216 y = -0.0293x - 0.797 1.20 0.9844 Y = 1.3186x + 1.4523 100-160 mesh 0.0484 0.7078 y = -0.021x - 1.0302 1.49 0.9973 Y = 1.0648x + 0.7620 160-240 mesh 0.0534 0.3359 y = -0.0232x - 1.216 130.67 0.9989 Y = 1.0288x + 0.0081 Table 2 Results from linear fitting of Lagergren equation to experimental data for different temperatures Temperature Qm [mg/g] Pseudo-second-order K2 [1/h] qe [mg/g] R2 Fitted equation T = 10 ℃ 0.620 6.63 0.601 0.9909 y = 1.6642x + 0.4177 T = 15 ℃ 0.694 1.15 0.708 0.9978 y = 1.4128x + 1.7383 T = 20 ℃ 0.720 1.72 0.723 0.9971 y = 1.3827x + 1.1141 T = 25 ℃ 0.746 0.72 0.765 0.9894 y = 1.3073x + 2.3798 (Qm, qe represent the measured value and predicted Sb
adsorption value at equilibrium time respectively) Table 3 Results from linear fitting of Lagergren equation to experimental data for different pH pH value Qm [mg/g] Pseudo-second-order K2 [1/h] qe [mg/g] R2 Fitted equation pH = 1 0.749 0.73 0.769 0.9900 y = 1.3086x + 1.6511 pH = 3 0.723 1.56 0.739 0.9919 y = 1.3941x - 1.4453 pH = 5 0.249 -6.03 0.244 0.9737 y = 4.1052x - 2.7938 pH = 7 0.241 -2.21 0.231 0.9822 y = 4.3243x - 8.4547 pH = 9 0.238 -18.28 0.237 0.9855 y = 4.2116x - 0.9699 pH = 11 0.263 -1.85 0.249 0.9713 y = 4.0096x - 8.692 (Qm, qe represent the measured value and predicted Sb adsorption value at equilibrium time respectively) Fig. 4 Fitted pseudo-second-order equation plots for different particle size Conclusions In summary, the present study shows that the smaller the activated carbon particle size, the higher the antimony adsorption capacity of activated carbon.

The mechanism of this treatment involved bioavailability reduction and immobilization of Cd in soil, resulting in the transformation of available fractions to unavailable fractions.
Data analysis The means and standard deviations (SD) were calculated by Excel 2003 and SPSS 17.0.The figures were plotted by origin 7.0.
nHAP treatment level(mg/kg) Cd treatment level 0 mg/kg Cd treatment level 5 mg/kg Cd treatment level 10 mg/kg shoot root shoot root shoot root 0.0 0.13±0.03a 0.14±0.03b 16.94±4.27a 19.89±5.10a 27.70±4.07a 38.15±6.55a 5.0 0.11±0.02ab 0.14±0.04b 16.55±3.98a 19.04±3.35a 20.18±5.85b 21.08±5.46b 10.0 0.13±0.04a 0.22±0.06a 13.26±4.11b 15.55±5.87b 16.58±3.29c 25.35±5.63b 20.0 0.15±0.04a 0.15±0.02b 6.95±1.54c 11.51±2.62bc 12.45±4.11d 15.44±3.33c 30.0 0.08±0.03b 0.18±0.03b 5.57±1.33c 9.49±2.41c 9.27±2.56e 13.21±2.70c Data with the same letters in the same column are not significantly different(P<0.05) Table 2.
As Fig.2 showed, after treated by nHAP with the concentration of 30mg/kg, the reduction in FDC of FA was approximately of 9.0 % and 12.0% compared to no nHAP in 5mg/kg and 10mg/kg Cd contaminated soil.

Residual stresses can be determined by different experimental methods [4] or by FE-simulation of the welding process [5]; the latter requires high quality input data of the process and of the elastic and plastic behaviour of the material etc. x y z Laser beam welding of skin-stringer connections are currently used in some aircrafts, however, skin-clip connections are still made with conventional joining techniques.
Therefore, in this work, the skin-clip T-joint was investigated to generate knowledge and data on the evolution of the residual stresses and hence to be able to provide technology for future design.
In two samples, some areas of the base plate in the vicinity of the weld were machined after welding to a lower thickness (pockets) with the purpose of weight reduction (Fig. 1b).
The peak centres, widths and intensities were obtained by least squares fittings a Gaussian line shape to the experimental data.
Nevertheless, further improvement of the predictions is in progress by provision of the newly generated input data and mesh design.

II: Results and Discussion Baisong Du 1, 2, a, John (Zhongguo) Ma 2,b, Ling Luo 1, c 1School of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China 2Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 37996, USA abaisongdu@gmail.com, b zma2@utk.edu, c luoling28@qq.com Keywords: Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP), Sandwich panel, Reduction of moduli, Random Mesh Size Method (RMSM), Microcracking; Debonding Abstract.
The method of reduction of moduli was introduced to simulate microcracks occurring between the fibers and matrix.
Very cold temperature exposure resulted in matrix hardening, matrix micro-cracking and face-core interface debonding as demonstrated by numerical simulations as well as testing data at different temperatures.

In order to investigate the relationship between partial corrosion of RC beams and its cracking morphology and flexural capacity, based on experimental data, RC partial corrosion beam models are simulated using finite element software to model the flexural cracks and capacity of corroded RC beam under different corrosion rates.
The results are validated comparing to experimental data.
Notable reduction of yield deflection, yield load and ultimate load for increasing corrosion rate is apparent in Table 5.
A parabolic increase in the accumulative energy absorption at 2 deflection and a linear increase at post 2 are observed in numerical results (Fig.12), which are in good agreement with the experimental data.
Effect of cross-section reduction of rebar due to corrosion on bond behavior, Concrete Research and Technology, vol. 31, no. 1, 2009, pp. 1369-1374

After passing through the reduction zone, syngas will exit the gasifier through the outlet pipe.
A gas reaction and a solid-gas reaction occur in the reduction reaction stage.
The effect of temperature on the reduction zone greatly determines the composition of the syngas.
The LHV of the syngas will increase with the increase in temperature in the reduction zone [27].
This conclusion is consistent with temperature data, as the tar cracking process begins at 500oC [19,28].