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Nano- and micro-scale hollow particles, in which gas distributes in the volume or concentrates in separate inclusions, can be synthesized by treating both precursors [4-6] and different types of powders having the developed bulk structure [7-10].
Thus, the particle size, the thickness of their surface layer, and the structure and phase composition of this layer depend on balance forces acting on the particle from inside and outside.
The structure of the surface layer of obtained particles was observed to be X-ray amorphous that indicated to a complete melting of introduced agglomerated particles.
Doklady Physical Chemistry 435(2) (2010) 202–204
Shekhovtsov, Glass Physics and Chemistry, 44(3) (2018) 251–253.

Introduction Polyurethanes are versatile polymers that contain the carbamate structure (–NH–CO–O–).
Polyurethane chemistry as well as the chemistry of related intermediates has been utilized enormously to develop many products in the form of fibers, soft and hard elastomers, foams, skins, adhesives, binders, coating for many purposes and highly crosslinked plastics.
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy: Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer (SPECTRUM ONE, Perkin-Elmer Corporation, USA) was used to examine chemical structure of blocked isocyanate.
FTIR spectrum indicates that the NCO groups of the isocyanate molecule are blocked with TCP and the DBTDL should have speeded the reaction markedly. 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra show that the structures of the blocked adduct, PAPI is blocked with TCP, are carbamate.

(a) (b) (c) The crystal structure of the as-prepared precipitates was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the result is given in Fig. 2.
It can be assigned to β-phase PbO, and almost no other crystal structures are detected, which indicates that the precipitates are almost pure β- PbO.
It can be assigned to α-PbO, which have been labeled in the XRD pattern and almost no other crystal structures are detected, which indicates that the products are almost α-PbO.
Xia: Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry Vol. 18 (2001), p. 264 (in Chinese) [5] Y.Q.
Yuan: Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry Vol. 17 (2000), p. 316 (in Chinese) [6] J.

In China, the component and structure of residual oil is sometimes quite complex.
In the asphalt, thousands of different hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon compounds exist and most of the compound structure is extremely complex.
As shown in Figure 1 that the gasifier shell is a cylindrical container with water wall structure inside.
Zhang: Progress in Chemistry Vol. 11(3) 1999, p. 10-12 (In Chinese) [2] J.
Liang: Computers and Applied Chemistry Vol. 25(9) 2008, p.1123-1128 (In Chinese)

Both regenerated ionic liquid were analysed using NMR and it confirmed that the original structures remain the same.[6] The interest of this current work is to investigate the feasibility of recovering spent BMIM-based ionic liquids via water washing method.
Then, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis had been done to determine the chemical structure of the white precipitate.
However, according to the qualitative analysis conducted, it is shown that the ionic liquids did not change in their molecular structures in the presence of water.
Green Chemistry, 2004, 4, 376-379
Green Chemistry, 2010, 12, 346-349.

Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from reedy grass leaves by chemical activation with KOH CHEN lingzhi1,2 , MIAO dongxu1, FENG xiaojie1,XU Jianzhong1* College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, HeBei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, China Department of Applied Chemistry，Hengshui University，Hengshui 053000，Hebei,China) xjz8112@sina.com, chenlingzhi80@126.com Keywords: Activated carbons; KOH activation; Reedy grass; Pore properties Abstract.Activated carbons(AC) were produced by chemical activation with potassium hydroxide(KOH) at 800oC from chars that were carbonized from reedy grass leaves at 450oC in N2 atmosphere.
Increase in temperature may cause two main changes in the material:The first one is to form volatile material that is the result of dehydration and elimination reactions, the second one is to serve cross-linking structure that is an indication of the pore development and surface area.
Table 1 Effect of impregnation ratio, activation temperature, duration time on the area of activated carbons, values of parameters characterizing porous structure of activated carbons calculated from the nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms and iodine numbers.
According to IUPAC classification, the isotherm is of Type I, which presents dense micropore structures.

XRD analysis was conducted to investigate the crystal structure and orientation of ZnO doped PVA at difference dose rate as shown in Fig. 1.
The diffraction angles at 2θ = 31.75º, 34.58º, and 36.35º attribute to (100), (002) and (101) hkl planes of the ZnO hexagonal wurtzite structure.
After radiation, the films depict very good structure, morphology and electrical properties.
Journal of Physics and Chemistry of solids. 73 (2012) 396-401
Materials Chemistry and Physics. 128 (2011) 371-376

The micrograph of the conversion coatings showed a uniform structure.
Ger, The effect of chromic sulfate concentration and immersion time on the structures and anticorrosive performance of the Cr (III) conversion coatings on aluminum alloys, Applied Surface Science, 256 (2010) 4924-4929
Schaefer, Structure and water-barrier properties of vanadate-based corrosion inhibitor films, Corrosion Science, 52 (2010) 943-949
Kotov, Polymer/clay and polymer/carbon nanotube hybrid organic–inorganic multilayered composites made by sequential layering of nanometer scale films, Coordination Chemistry Reviews, 253 (2009) 2835-2851
Havancsák, Electrochemical behaviour of amorphous electrodeposited chromium coatings, Materials Chemistry and Physics, 133 (2012) 1092-1100

Kinetic Study on Photopolymerization of TPGDA under Containerless Condition Zhang Hepenga, Zhang Qiuyub,Dou Jinboc, Xu Shud Key Laboratory of Applied Physics and Chemistry in Space of Ministry of Education， School of Science，Northwestern Polytechnical University，Xi’an 710729，China azhanghepeng@nwpu.edu.cn，bqyzhang2008@126.com, cjinbodou@mail.nwpu.edu.cn，dxushu@mail.nwpu.edu.cn Keyword: Acoustic Levitation；Containerless；Photoinitiation；Kinetics Abstract.
As the particular circumstance of outer space, novel polymer structures with different properties of the normal condition are being expected.
They found that the polymer molecule weight was a bit larger with a relative narrower distribution, in addition, there are researches on the fluid dynamics [6,7], materials science [8] and analytical chemistry [9] under acoustic levitation.
Result and Discussion The polymerization system As the polymerization under acoustic levitation has such drawbacks as the open nature, unable to control the reaction temperature and instable levitation of solid samples, we choose TPGDA as monomer for its merits---- low volatile, low viscosity, high boiling point and relatively high activity, the structure of which is shown in Fig. 2.
Fig. 2 The structure formula of TPGDA Photoinitiator is one of the indispensable components for UV light polymerization reaction system.

Collagen was the parent protein which the covalent cross-linkages and hydrogen bonds between intra- and intermolecular were broken during alkali and acid pretreatment, swelling occurred and the uptake of water within fiber bundles was increased with net charge, for large amount of ions and anions were combined or close to charged sites of peptide chains, and the water-insoluble parent collagen was translated to water-soluble gelatin which has a much simple internal structure [15].
The stronger repulsive force between the molecular chain of collagen, the better swollen ability they performed which was in favor of hydrone immersing into internal structure of collagen during extraction in warm water [16].
Harvinder: Properties of gelatins from skins of fish-black tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) and red tilapia (Oreochromis nilotica), Food Chemistry Vol. 77 (2002), p. 81–84 [4] P.
Howell: Fish gelatin: Structure, gelling properties and interaction with egg albumen proteins, Food Hydrocolloids Vol. 20 (2006), p. 630–640 [14] S.
Veis, volume 5 of The Macromolecular Chemistry of Gelatin, chapter, 1, Academic Press Inc. (1964)