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This data is needed for designing and optimizing the structure of compacting machines and their functional components.
With this data, it will be possible to optimize machine design in terms of strength, energy and minimizing production costs.
The reduction in the volume of the particulate matter causes a significant increase in the bulk density, and a reduction in porosity.
Data for evaluating particulate compressibility is obtained by the dependence of the compacting force on the displacement of the piston of the oedometer.
From Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 it is obvious that using the same pressure in the compression the density change increases with the reduction of sawdust fraction size.

In other works it was found that an increase in the total reduction in the non-recrystallization regime of austenite in conjunction with lower finish rolling temperature leads to improved strength and impact toughness without a significant decrease in ductility in bainitic/martensitic structural steels [1, 3].
Hot deformation behaviour of the test compositions were analysed in a Gleeble 3800 Hydrawedge thermomechanical simulator using Ø 10 x 15 mm uniaxial samples for generating flow stress and stress relaxation data as a function of temperature, strain and strain rate.
The stress relaxation data from these experiments was analysed using a model based procedure assumed simultaneous recovery and static recrystallization and softening model parameters fitted for subsequent computational optimization of rolling schedules.
As a final step, a number of different rolling schedules were simulated using industrial plate rolling data in order to evaluate model performance, and grain sizes predictions compared to measured grain sizes in rolled plate.
In the final stage of the optimization process, the finish rolling temperature was set to a level that both maintained productivity in the plate mill, while at the same time achieving higher reductions at the critical pass of the rolling schedule in order to produce a fully recrystallized microstructure with a fine and uniform through thickness grain size.

It can be noticed that fatigue test data of PB specimens and partial CLG specimens (toe failure) apparently deviate from the fatigue S-N curve in the extremely low cycle and low cycle region, showing shorter fatigue lives.
(a) (b) (c) Fig. 3 Comparison between the fatigue data obtained and IIW fatigue detail categories.
According to Kuroda [13], the reduction of fatigue resistance in extremely low-cycle region is mainly caused by the ductility exhaustion of material under large plastic cyclic loading.
The extremely low-cycle fatigue occurs when the materials enter deep plastic, which result in significant reduction of fatigue lives.
Compared with the similar welded structural details in IIW Fatigue Recommendation, it can be concluded that the fatigue test data of these welded details in extremely low cycle fatigue region evidently deviated from the fatigue S-N curves, showing shorter fatigue life

In addition, the lagging quality of operating personnel and management are led to a lack of historical data.
Consider of randomicity and continuity of hydro-meteorological sequence, it takes the moving average for original data to weaken the influence of outliers[4,5].
(23) After an accumulative generation again, formatting the sequence: (24) Also, estimated parameters,: (25) Obtained estimates of,represented ,: (26) The original data sequence model sets up[8]: (27) Instance analysis Selecting monthly output of a small hydropower station from 2009 to 2011 as historical data predicts monthly data of 2012.
The original data is shown in Tab.1.
In addition, it is easy to collect data about hydrology and meteorological.

Introduction 4D trajectory simulating radar track algorithm includes "4D trajectory simulation", "coordinate transformation ","simulation of standard radar data frame ", " communication link quality simulation " and several other aspects.
Accordingly, in this article for each of these elements is assigned the corresponding data resources, in accordance with the properties of the above can be divided into four categories: spatial data, track data, weather data, aircraft performance data; however in accordance with their mutual relations it can be divided into static data, baseline forecast data and baseline forecast verification data.
Build model of these data, 4D trajectory prediction model is composed of three models: the weather model, control intention model and virtual flight model control (VFMC).
Comprehensively analyze, the error may exists in the following aspects: intent error, aircraft performance model, the original data error. [8] 1 An intent error: Mostly unpredictable flight intention of flight pilots and controllers deploy the aircraft’s altitude and speed adjustment to avoid the flight conflict; 2 Aircraft performance model : set a value of the aircraft performance indicators when build a modeling, but the actual flight change along with the outside world conditions real-time, such as the turning angle of inclination is given a fixed value, idle thrust changes with airport barometric pressure, different elevation are changing when the aircraft is descending ; 3 The original data error: mainly refers to incomplete, inaccurate or outdated flight plan, airspace structure data.
C.; Gonda, John; Mead, Rob; Saccone, Greg The 4D Trajectory Data Link (4DTRAD) Service - Closing the loop for air traffic control Source: Proceedings of the 2009 Integrated Communications, Navigation and Surveillance Conference, ICNS 2009 [9] Zillies, J.L.

According to features of acoustics principles and the human ear to sound perception, voice signal corresponding with packet loss is estimated and passively replaced by data similar with original signal so that to reduce the effect of speech quality by packet loss.
PLC Algorithm based on Adaptive Multi-plus Although ACELP module lets ARM-WB codec gets high quality of speech in the low rate, the dependence between frames leads in the reduction of anti-loss capability of ARM-WB codec.
From Eq.2, it is known that adaptive codebook is updated by previous frame excited signal; that is to say when a frame data lost, if excited signal of the lost frame can be recovered, synchronization of adaptive codebook is speeded up; and error spreading caused by adaptive codebook non-synchronization will be over soon.
To apply to the way in [10] to get pulse, calculate the reduction amount of increasing one pulse variance every time, if the reduction amount is increasing, continue to get the next pulse; if it is reducing, not to get the next pulse; at the same time if the value of variance is lower than the threshold, not to get the pulse; by this way, the pulse amount carried is not fixed, so redundancy pulse amount can be confirmed according to the requirement.
It effectively prevents the error spreading when AMR-WB data lost with less bandwidth cost, and has the value in the improving of speech quality in real-time communication.

Introduction Prevention and reduction the safety risk of building is one of the most important parts of building design, and it is the most interesting topic to engineers in the profession [1,2].
What's more, initial settlement would be enlarged because of foundation soil strength reduction during building construction disturbance.
What's more, we can adopt mathematics function to predict future settlement based on monitored settlement data, one typical function is[9]: 2 ( ) ( )exp[ ( ) ] c s t s s m m t = − − − (6) where s(t) is settlement at time point t; s is total settlement same to the equation (1); m1, m2, and c are positive determined calculating parameters which can be obtained by analysis on monitored data.
Differential settlement is most dangerous to building, and its reduction is a effective way to plus reliability of building safety.
Reliability of building relies on development of soil mechanism, superstructure analysis theory and back analysis from field monitoring data.

One high-speed data acquisition system called DEWE5000, which is connected to DEWESoft and DEWECa software are used to logging the data.
Amongst each variation of the In/Ex EGR and the AFR, all of the data are recorded.
On account of induced CAI combustion, the engine could be run with considerable reduction of variation of IMEP, when the fractions of the In/Ex-EGR were applied.
Results depict substantial reduction of fuel consumption and exhaust emissions, since the engine is run at ultra-lean charge operation condition.
Okada, Analysis on fuel economy improvement and exhaust emission reduction in a two-stroke engine by using an exhaust valve, SAE Technical Paper. 951764 (1995)

This study demonstrates clear that ultrasounds can be used to improve the consumption of the coloring substances, the reduction of the offal’s pollution and the quality improving of coloring leather.
In order to design these systems we had to put in mind the following aspects: monitoring module’s parameters UFS; monitoring ultrasonic generator – UG; displaying the process values UFS on the display of system control ECC and communication them in GSM; control and command by GSM of hole finishing ensemble based on ultrasonic processes; taking the technological options by the utilize on a control monitor (keyboard and/or sensitive monitor); Making the process data base on a record process by correlation the entering and finishing parameters depending on the time functioning USF module; processing the system ESS information in order to assure the necessary feed-back for the implementation of the best processing algorithms.
Technical solutions of the system assure: · Interconnecting architecture for optimum information exchange; · Designing the algorithms for dedicated software for controlling the dynamic of the working elements of textile machines; · Using energy from unconventional sources; · Textile processes monitoring using the data communication systems based on GSM/Internet networks; · Designing based on versatility criteria for the three intelligent mechatronics systems STH for textile machines and NTS and DRC complementary systems.
All these implications contribute to the reduction of unproductive time.
Comer, Physical data acquisition for digital processing: components, parameters, and specifications, Prentice Hall: Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1992

Thus, according to the data [3, 8, 16, 18, 20], the level of precompression h = 0.2¸0.3 at the first short-term heating up to 200°C increases the prism strength of normal heavy concrete by 14¸20 %, at the long-term isothermal heating – by 8¸22 % compared with the strength of previously unloaded concrete.
Experimental data: [16]: +20°С – ; [18]: +90°С – , ; +150°С – , ; [3]: +60°С – , ; +120°С – , ; +200°С – , .
Further increase of precompression to the level of h = (0.4¸0.5) leads to the stable reduction of this characteristic (Fig. 1).
For the case of long-term precompression of concrete at normal temperature a significant reduction of concrete mechanical properties is more characteristic at elevated temperatures than compression directly before heating [20].
The values of the concrete properties which are calculated according to the expressions (1) ¸ (13) correspond to the experimental data (Fig. 1).