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In particular, on account of the reduction in the use of chemical pesticides, biological control is an important manifestation of the application of biological diversity.
R=S/lnN (1) H′=ΣPilnPi (2) J′=H′/H′max (3) C=Σ(Ni/N)2 (4) Statistical treatments Microsoft SAS statistical software (SAS 8 Software, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA) and R (ADE-4) multivariate data analysis software [14] were used for data analysis and to test the data collection methodology.
Using the R (ADE-4) software package, principal components analysis (PCA) was undertaken in order to compare the characteristics of ground-wandering spiders from different tea plantations; multivariate data analysis results were displayed clearly using scores plots and two-dimensional spatial load diagrams.
A low-carbon, intercropping model of tea cultivation, which incorporates reductions in pesticide use and N fertilizer input, can both protect biodiversity and provide ecosystem services.
In addition, the study has established new data records for spider populations within the Guangdong tea area of China (for example, for V. spirocysta, C. oculinotata and Z. asiaticus) [22], which can contribute to the knowledge base for ecological pest control.

Copper/aluminium bi-metal laminates were prepared by roll bonding at 430 o C with a 40% rolling reduction in a single pass.
Experimental Procedure Metal laminates of copper and aluminium of initial thickness of 2.0 and 1.6 mm respectively were produced by roll bonding at 430 o C with a 40% rolling reduction in a single pass.
Once an x-ray map has been collected, a number of analytical softwares can be used to process the data and create scatter diagrams to determine the phases and the related characteristics of the material.
With the data from the composition profiles, scatter diagrams were created and a phase analysis was performed using x-ray mapping to determine i) the phases present, ii) the composition of the phases and iii) the location of these phases in the interfacial area of the metal laminate.
With the data from the interfacial composition profiles, the movement of the Matano interface and the interdiffusion coefficients across the interfacial area of the metal laminates were determined.

The experimental data were processed using the Bridgman, Davidenkov-Spiridonova, and Ostsemin models.
Raw experimental data obtained from the test setup Individual frames were extracted from the video record of the test process.
The method for evaluating the obtained experimental data consists of carrying out a reverse simulation of testing the existing specimen and the subsequent comparison of the data obtained from the simulation and the experiment.
At the same time, the data were pre-processed using a "moving average" filter to exclude high-frequency noise.
Reverse simulation of the test process confirmed the high accuracy of the experimental data obtained.

As the distance between coils increases, the magnetic field reduction generated by interference decreases.
Finite element mesh, boundary conditions loading, and data post-processing were completed by finite element software ANSYS.
As the distance between coils increases, the magnetic field reduction generated by interference decreases.

This UV ozone treatment enhanced adhesion and resulted in the reduction of the adhesion temperature as low as 100 oC, and nearly no deformation of the microchannels was observed.
These techniques have been previously used to fabricate nanometer-scale transistors [7], pattern magnetic islands for high-density data storage [8], and microfluidic devices on polymer substrates for lab-on-a-chip applications [9].
This UV ozone treatment enhanced adhesion, and resulted in the reduction of the adhesion temperature as low as 100 oC, and nearly no deformation of the microchannels was observed.

The sample were rolled in a single pass to a thickness of 10mm (50% reduction) and immediately quenched in water to room temperature.
The stress strain data is shown in Fig.3 for all the strain paths studied.
In both cases there is an increase is the stress level following the change in strain path compared with the uniaxial data.
Following this initial increase the work hardening rate falls so the stress drops below that of the uniaxial data.
The only difference in the data is at the point of change in strain path where the CDF 90°(2)sample shows a slightly higher rise in stress before the curves converge.

What is about the carbon emission reduction target?
According to the data of EC [2], the current installed reliable capacity is 90,000 million watts (MWs = 106 watts), the amount of the eight NPPs to be shut down immediately is about 8,500 MWs.
As to the future power price, the detailed data is not given by the Ethic Commission, because there are different opinions.
Nature magazine [7] quoted the data of Matthias Kleiner (head of the German Research Foundation DFG and Co-Head of the Ethic Commission) and predicted the rising extent is 1 to 1.5 euro cents, about a 5% increase on electricity bills.
The national target of carbon emission reduction is much more difficult to reach.

(a) 1 h displacement of the width of the rolled piece (b) 1 h rolled piece Von miss stress distribution (c) 2 v rolling workpiece height displacement (d) 2 v rolling workpiece Von miss stress distribution Fig 3 The spread and the stress distribution of rolled piece in 1H and 2V rolling Further extraction of real data for roughing as shown in figure 4.
From head to tail of the rolled piece taking finite element node in turn, the extraction of rolling process data shown on the figure 4, because at the beginning of the rolling bite on billet, the process of billit bit into is not stable, After rolling process complete bite, rolling into a stable state, the actual spread: the maximum displacement of the first pass in billet 1/2 width is 8.4 mm, the maximum displacement of the second pass in billet 1/2 high is 9.6 mm, the maximum displacement of the third pass in billet 1/2 width is 11.7 mm, the maximum displacement of the fourth pass in billet 1/2 high is 11.5 mm, the maximum displacement of the fifth pass in billet 1/2 width is 5.5 mm, the maximum displacement of the sixth pass in billet 1/2 high is 6.35 mm. 2) Rolling stress analysis of the results.From figure 5, you can see that in the first time in the process of rolling, rolling bite into the billet among the rear area of the maximum compressive stress is close to 1000 mpa.
3) Rolling force analysis of the calculation results.Figure 6 shows the completed by rolling bite into the rolling process of billet, the rolling force data of 1 ~ 6 pass rolled piece is : 68×4 t, 58×4 t, 61×4 t, 41×4 t, 30×4 t, 26×4 t; due to large reduction in the third and fourth pass, the rolling piece was bite into , the load increment extended and rolling step increased.
Elongation distribution of each frame, reduction, and the new speed in the table 3; Comparison table 2 and table 3 can be seen that 6V rolling speed is (0.883+0.21) m/s, the main reason of the pile of steel for the continuous rolling can be reveals. 5) Effect.In the 2013-12-11 days after rolling program modification, multiple rolling series of spring steel 90 mm width, the steel pile phenomenon is resolved, the result is good.
Table 3 Modified width of 90 mm spring flat steel roughing rolling schedule rack Rolling temperature ℃ The roll diameter D, mm Rolled piece high H, mm Rolled piece width B, mm Roll gap s, mm Cross- sectional area S Elongation u Reduction Δ h, mm Linear velocity V, m/s Steel billet　 180 180 　 32400 　 　 　 1H 1050 710 140 196.8 140 27552 1.18 40 0.33 2V 1030 710 159.2 152 152 24198.4 1.14 44.8 0.38 3H 1010 610 102 175.4 102 17890.8 1.35 57.2 0.51 4V 995 610 125 110 110 13750 1.30 65.4 0.67 5H 980 610 81 121 81 9801 1.40 44 0.94 6V 970 610 93.7 90 90 8433 1.16 31 1.09 7H 960 440 74 106 14 7844 1.08 19.7 1.17 The summary This article in view of the large size spring flat steel slotless continuous roughing mill, and the process of rolling plastic material nonlinearity systematically carried out the finite element analysis.Rely on simulation theory, and the field data collection of steel rolling, obtain the following results: (1) Based on rigid rotation roll are studied, billet

To achieve the presented objective seems to be possible by the application of data mining techniques as well as by the use of instance-based information processing, the new methodology suggested by the authors and related to the reuse of saved data.
Methodology Data mining methods of rule induction allow to build intelligent systems for decision support.
The algorithms are based on static sets of data that represent a set of observations or objects.
A small collection of data on production processes divided into different phases was gathered.
Efficiency of the projected advisory system is related to the amount of available data, what is characteristic for systems basing of past data processing e.g. systems with applied Case-base reasoning paradigm [10-12].

However, when aggregate was replaced by crumb rubber, a reduction of compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of concrete was observed.
Using the NaOH pretreatment method, Chou et al. [8] proposed a theoretical analysis to explain the effect of rubber additives on the physical properties of concrete and has shown the reduced adhesion at the interfacial surfaces between cement and rubber grains is an important factor that induces the reduction of the compressive strength of concrete after the addition of rubber.
The elastic moduli calculated with the stress-strain experimental data were also depicted in the table.
In terms of percentage, the reduction was 37.6 %.