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The chemical structure of plasticizers and PVC films were analyzed.
Results and Discussion Chemical structure analysis of plasticizer using FTIR.
Fig. 1 Chemical structure analysis of a) FAME, b) Ep-WCO, and c) Ep-WCO plasticizer.
Chemical structure analysis of PVC Film using FTIR.
The peak at 1,271 cm-1 represents the structure of DOP, a phthalate substance.

The composite structure was determined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TG) and the scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
The (b) and (d) shown in Fig. 3 verify that both PAA and PAA-M-Bentonite exhibit the porous structure.
（a） （b） （c） （d） Fig. 3 SEM micrographs of (a) PAA showing smooth and tight surface (b) PAA containing orderly porous structure (c) PAA-M-Bentonite showing rough and undulant surface (d) PAA-M-Bentonite containing irregular porous structure Effect of PVP modified bentonite on water absorbency.
Whiting: Journal of Materials Chemistry Vol. 16 (2006), p. 1082 [16] W.H.
Culbertson: The Journal of Physical and Colloid Chemistry Vol. 55 (1951), p. 744 [17] C.J.

The Si structure was modified with the increase of the cooling rate, where smaller area was achieved.
The Si particles decreased with very irregular, smaller, longitudinal, sharp-edged structures and refined Si morphology, compared to base alloy.
By increasing the cooling rate, the structure of Si was refined and reduced the size to 49.4% of ADC12 alloy.
However, modification of structure of Si particles was obtained with Ce addition at higher solidification rate.
Lander, Handbook on the physics and chemistry of rare earths, Elsevier, 2001

Zhou Department of Material Physics and Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China a yousongu@mater.ustb.edu.cn, bjizhen@mater.ustb.edu.cn, cyuezhang@pgschl.ustb.edu.cn Keywords: Fe-Pt/Fe systems, exchange spring, structure measurement, magnetic properties Abstract.
Fig. 1 shows band structures and spin polarized partial density of states.
The band structures and density of states are shown in Fig. 2.
The band structures and density of states are shown in Fig. 3.
The band structures and density of states are shown in Fig. 4.

In this study, the addition of Organo-Montmorillonite (O-MMT), an ideal polymer filler due to its non-toxicity, large availability, well-known intercalation/exfoliation chemistry, and reactivity in Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membrane, a widely used polymer in separation fields owing to its remarkable mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties produced via non-solvent induced phased separation is observed.
Analysis of the study further showed other factors that needs to be accounted since they were observed to highly affect the structure and properties of the membranes.
Gacanja, "Instrumental Characterization of Montmorillonite Clay by FT-IR and XRD from J.K.U.A.T Farm, in the Republic of Kenya.," Chemistry and Materials Research, vol. 7, no. 10, 2015.

Effects of Ball Milling Time on CoCrFeNiTi High Entropy Sintered Alloys Akito Fujii1,a* and Akio Nishimoto2,b 1Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan 2Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan a*k099325@kansai-u.ac.jp, bakionisi@kansai-u.ac.jp Keywords: High Entropy Alloy, Spark Plasma Sintering, Mechanical Alloying, Powder Metallurgy.
XRD analysis confirmed that the BM powder formed a single BCC solid solution phase after 25 hours, and a nanocrystalline structure was obtained due to the reduction in crystallite size and increase in dislocation density.
The effects of BM treatment and sintering conditions on phase structure, microstructure, element distribution, and mechanical properties were clarified, suggesting that it is an effective method for controlling the properties of HEA.
XRD measurements were conducted on each powder sample and its corresponding sintered body to investigate phase structure evolution as a function of BM time.
With increasing BM time, the powders formed a BCC nanocrystalline structure, which transformed to the FCC phase after sintering, and secondary phases such as CoTi2, CrFe, and TiC precipitated.

Besides, Ti implants with nano-structured surface also exhibit better cell adhesion and proliferation behavior.
The four configurations exhibited different surface structures.
The protein adsorption can be affected by both surface chemistry and topography, such as roughness, wettability and charge.
Nair, The design of novel nanostructures on titanium by solution chemistry for an improved osteoblast response, Nanotechnology, 20 (2009) 195101
Ohno, Ti Nano-nodular Structuring for Bone Integration and Regeneration, Journal of Dental Research, 87 (2008) 751-756

The curing of UF resin is the process that changed the linear soluble resin into the body structure, which is also the key to the formation of bonding process.
That is, the structure after MUF modified has changed, the curing technology become easier , the curing ratio speed , so which may lead to meeting the requirement of decreasing the cost.
The definite amount of the curing agent was the precondition to assure the resin curing adequately and to obtain the perfect cross linking network structure.
Chemistry & Industry of Forest Products, Vol. 25(2005), p. 11-16 [3] A Pizzi, L Lipschtiz, J Valenzuela.
Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 29(1957), p. 1702-1706 [8] Ozawa T.

Studying the effects of ultrasound on the chemical and physicochemical processes in colloidal systems is a rapidly growing research area[6] with high potential applications in material chemistry, “green” decomposition technology, nanosynthesis, and chemical catalysis.
X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) patterns were recorded using a Bruker D8 X-ray diffractometer with Cu Kα radiation, and the morphology and structure were determined using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM, JEOL JSM-6700F) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM, JEOL JEM-2010).
The resulting diffractogram demonstrates that the sonochemically synthesized CaCO3 is hexagonal phase (ICPDS 86-2340), i.e., there were no other diffraction maxima except the maxima that correspond to the CaCO3 structure.
They look like a wheat sheaf-as if a bundle of filamentary crystals have been bandaged in its middle, with the top and bottom fanning out while the middle remaining thin hence the name “sheaf structures”.
Lorimer, Sonochemistry: Theory, Applications and Uses of Ultrasound in Chemistry, Ellis Horwood, Chichester, UK (1988)

Meanwhile, the properties of three-dimensional network structure of colloid which have a security role of ion and high (interal and exteral )surface area determined CMC a high ion exchange capacity and a strong adsorption capacity[4-5].
Fig. 1 The IR spectrum analysis before the modified CMC Fig. 2 The IR spectrum analysis after the modified CMC Modified CMC structure characterization.
In addition, the multiple vice peak at 1120 cm-1 proved CMC structure and AA chain section unit was found in copolymer.
This is attributed to solution pH influence on the solution chemistry of metals and the activity of the functional groups of the modified CMC.
Chemistry and adhesion, Vol.31,No.2,2009, p.71, (In Chinese)