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Carburizing steel is widely used as a material of automobiles, form implements, machines, gears, springs and high strength wires etc. which are required to have the excellent strength, toughness, hardness and wear resistance, etc. because these parts are generally subjected to high load and impact.
Materials and Experimental Techniques Materials Selection Low carbon steels of the required dimensions were purchased from the local market and the test specimens were prepared from it.
Bravo: Journal of Material Processing Technology Vol. 176 (2006), pp. 41–44 [3] M.
Delprete: Material and Design Vol. 30 (2009), pp. 1435–1440 [5] C.F.
Simsir: Materials Science and Engineering A Vol. 516 (2009), pp. 119-125

Fast melting and refining of recycled silicon powders from the wafer back grinding process for solar cell feedstock Kum-Hee Seo1, a, Bok-Hyun Kang1, b and Ki-Young Kim1,c 1Department of Materials Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, 307 Gajeon-ri Byungchun-myon Cheonan ChoongNam, 330-708, KOREA akhseo@kut.ac.kr, bkbh@kut.ac.kr, csimha@kut.ac.kr Keywords: Back grinding silicon powder, recycling, solar cell, silicon feedstock Abstract.
On the other hand the fast heat transfer from the heat source to the charged materials during melting is also important.
Biot number btained by using these values is ranging from 2E-7 to 0.3 depending on the material and the distance between two solids, which is much smaller than unity.
Ciftja: Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 92 (2008), p. 1450-1461 [2] T.Y.
Lan: Journal of Crystal Growth 310 (2008), p. 3403-3406 [3] Yung-FuWu and Yuan-Ming Chen: Separation and Purification Technology 68 (2009), p. 70-74 [4] CRC Materials Science and Engineering Handbook, p. 53 [5] Sheng Shen, Arvind Narayanaswamy, and Gang Chen: NANO LETTERS 9(2009), p. 2909-2913 [6] Bei Wu, Sam Scott, Nathan Stoddard, Roger Clark and Adi Sholapurwall: TMS meeting (2009)

Introduction Neutron diffraction, along with X-ray diffraction, offers the unique nondestructive technique for investigation of stress fields in engineering materials [1-3].
When illuminated by radiation of wavelength similar to interplanar spacings (0.5-3 Å) crystalline materials elastically and coherently scatter this radiation as distinctive Bragg peaks imaged usually by a position sensitive detector.
Such small value is usualy sufficient for residual strain investigation in most technologicaly interesting materials.
Krawitz, Introduction to Diffraction in Materials Science and Engineering, John Wiley & Sons, 2001
Mikula et al., Journal de Physique IV, Coll.

Introduction Titanium matrix composites, or TMCs, are under popular development to enhance the performance and applications of titanium based materials because conventional titanium alloys are unable to meet satisfactorily the increasing demands of advanced technologies for multipurpose properties, including improved specific strength and specific stiffness both at room and high temperatures, enhanced fracture toughness and creep resistance, high hardness and wear resistance.
As with any new type of materials, it is important to develop a cost-effective process to manufacture the TMCs with enhanced properties, comparable to its targeted applications.
Derby: Progress in Materials Science, Vol. 39 (1995), p. 411
Fang: Aerospace Materials & Technology, Vol. 28 No.6(1998), p. 38.
Wu: The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals, Vol. 9 No.2 (1999), p. 220.

Introduction Ultrasonic aiding in micro-Electrical Discharge Machining (µEDM+US) by vibrating the tools (in this case) or workpiece proved advances in surface quality, precision/volumetric relative wear, and machining rate [1,2,3], also in case of new materials with low machinability [4,5,6].
The needed material properties were provided by Comsol Library and were adjusted for real (measured sound velocity) 1045 steel used for horn and real copper 99.5 for tool.
Kakoulvand, The effect of ultrasonic vibration of workpice in electrical discharge machining of AISIH13 Tool Steel, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology. 3 (2009) 332-336
Ninomiya, Effects of ultrasonic vibrations given to an electrode on the EDM performance in processing PCD, Advanced Materials Research. 565 (2012) 394-399
Hahn, Enhancing micro-EDM using ultrasonic vibration and approaches for machining of nonconducting ceramics, Journal of mechanical engineering. 59 3 (2013)156-164

Organic semiconductor materials such as phthalocyanines, naphthalene tetracarboxylic derivatives, pentacene, oligothiophenes, poly(phenylene ethynylene) are mainly used for the active layer, especially phthalocyanines.
A number of methods has been developed to improve electrical conductivity and sensitivity of OTFTs, such as doping carbon nanotubes (CNTs) or using metal oxide materials, etc[6,7].
Naso, A sensitivity-enhanced field-effect chiralsensor, Nature Materials 7 (2008) 412–417
Journal of applied physics 106-123706 (2009)
Advanced functional materials, 2006, 16, 824-830 [9] Z.

Metallurgy & Materials Engineering, MTM, Belgium 3 Catholic University Leuven (K.U.Leuven), Dep.
Introduction For two materials in sliding contact, one source of stresses is obviously the normal force that acts on the contact.
Flat samples of these materials were manufactured and surface finished by wire-EDM and grinding and tested using a small-scale pin on plate tribometer.
Acknowledgements This research was co-financed by the Flemish Institute for the promotion of Innovation by Science and Technology in industry (IWT).
Winer, Friction-induced thermal influences in elastic contact between spherical asperities, Journal of Tribology 111 (1989), 315-322 [4] G.

Even with the use of dental adhesion techniques, these differences in material properties cause the tooth substances and the restorative materials to react quite differently to oral conditions such as mechanical, thermal, and chemical stresses.
Materials and Methods PJD process Enamel of non-carious human molars extracted for orthodontic treatment with the informed consent of patients was used as the substrate.
Concrete examples of application would be forming HAp films for treating wedge-shaped defects and enamel hypoplasia, for sealing pits and fissures of the occlusal surface, and for lining cavities in dental restoration with conventional dental materials.
This research was supported, in part, by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) (21791930, 23792271) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan.
[4] Shibuya T, Sepasy Zahmaty MS, Mizutani K, Yoshihara N, Yan J, Kuriyagawa T, Design of Double Nozzle Type Powder Jet Device Optimized for PJD, Key Engineering Materials. 390 (2009) 398-403

Requirements for the quality and durability of building materials have changed over the years.
Another reason why greater emphasis is placed on preserving existing structures is the increasing amount of emissions related to the production of new building materials [3].
The principle of the ultrasonic pulse method consists in transmitting repeatedly ultrasonic pulses into a material using an exciter and monitoring the pulses which pass through the material.
Materials and Structures, 2020, 53, č. 4, ISSN: 1359-5997
Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Volume 12, Special Issue, ISSC'16, April 2017

Ngobeni : Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol.145(2007) , P. 511 [4]R.
Hansen: Flow Injection Analysis, 2nd ed., Wiley, New York 1988 [8]Water and wastewater monitoring method editorial commission of National Environmental Protection Agency: Water and Wastewater Monitoring Method, (4nd ed., China Environmental Science Press, Beijing 2002, in chinese )