Search results

The temperature control and crack prevention measures which target the causes of cracks include: in the quality of raw materials, optimizing the mixing ratio of concrete through experiment, adding a suitable amount of fly ash, using additives to reduce the dosage of cement and lowering the rise in temperature caused by concrete hydration heat and the shrinkage of autogenous volume.
(a) Temperature variation curve (b) Stress duration curve Fig. 3 Temperature and stress duration curve of measuring points at D7, D8 and D9 (a) Temperature variation curve (b) Stress duration curve Fig. 4 Temperature and stress duration curve of measuring points at D12, D13 and D14 From the calculation results we can see that the values of early surface tensile stress at the middle of the gate pier and the latter internal tensile stress are small due to the reasonable selection of raw materials.
The rate of cracking is high due to the early temperature difference inside and outside, and the later temperature drop shrinkage; Selecting the best raw materials for concrete and surface heat preservation is an effective way to prevent cracks on the inverted T-type gate pier structure.
Zhao, Cracks and prevention measures on gate piers, Advances In Science and Technology of Water Resources, 4 (2003) 62-65
Wang, Study on temperature control and crack prevention of Inverted T-shaped concrete structures during construction, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 6 (2007) 200-204

In the present study, the effect of calcium treatment on the corrosion resistance of manganese steel is investigated by inclusions analysis and electrochemical tests, including pitting sensitivity test, simulating occluded corrosion cell(SOCC) test and weight lose test. 2.Test materials Seven kinds of industry produced steels including MnCa1 and MnCa2 treated with calcium treatment, common carbon steel CCSB, common manganese steel Mn1 and three kinds of steels containing nickel and chromium addition were selected to investigate.
Materials and Design.
Material development and application.
Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing, Mineral, Metallurgy, Material.

Material properties of concrete Specimen Compressive strength (MPa) Static elastic Modulus (GPa) Non-damaged 30.7 20.5 Damaged 25.7 10.3 Photo 1.
Material properties.
[2] Choi W. and Yun, H.: Acoustic emission activity of CFRP-strengthened reinforced concrete beams after freeze–thaw cycling, Cold Regions Science and Technology 110 (2015) 47-58
[3] Hasan, M., Okuyama, H., Sato, Y, and Ueda, T.: Stress-strain model of concrete damaged by freezing and thawing cycles, Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology, Vol.2, No.1 (2003) 89-99
(in Japanese) [5] Berto, L., Saetta, A., and Talledo, D.: Constitutive model of concrete damaged by freeze–thaw action for evaluation of structural performance of RC elements, Construction and Building Materials 98 (2015) 559-569

Anodic ZrO2 Nanotube Arrays Formation by Anodisation in Ethylene Glycol with Varying Amount of Water Nurulhuda Bashirom1,a, Khairunisak Abdul Razak2,b, Tan Wai Kian3,c, Atsunori Matsuda4, d and Zainovia Lockman2,e* 1School of Materials Engineering, Kompleks Pusat Pengajian Jejawi 2, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Taman Muhibbah, 02600 Jejawi, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia 2Green Electronics Nanomaterials Group, Nanomaterials Niche Area, School of Materials & Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Seri Ampangan, Nibong Tebal, Seberang Prai Selatan, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia 3Center for International Education, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi Aichi 441-8580, Japan 4Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8580, Japan ahudabashirom@unimap.edu.my, bkhairunisak@usm.my, ctanwaikian@cie.ignite.tut.ac.jp, dmatsuda@ee.tut.ac.jp, ezainovia@usm.my Keywords: anodisation; zirconia; nanotubes;
Depending on its polymorphs, ZrO2 is known to be an oxygen conductor, a catalyst (or photocatalyst) and a good thermal barrier coating material.
Material and Methods 4 cm × 1 cm Zr foil (99.8 % purity; Strem Chemicals, USA) was ultrasonically cleaned in acetone, isopropanol, and ethanol.
Ismail, et al., Effect of applied voltage and fluoride ion content on the formation of zirconia nanotube arrays by anodic oxidation of zirconium, Corrosion Science. 53(4) (2011) 1156-1164
Berger, et al., Influence of water content on the growth of anodic TiO2 nanotubes in fluoride-containing ethylene glycol electrolytes, Journal of the Electrochemical Society. 157(1) (2010) C18-C23.

Functional layers (coating) and layer of machined material were located on external surfaces of the base structural elements of the ceramics.
The loads (concentrated Fi and distributed Рj forces, as well as heat flows Qk) were applied to the external contour of machined material layer.
Acknowledgement The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support from the Ministries of Education and Science of Russia (unique identifier of the project is FMEFI57414X0003).
Macrolevel, Journal of Friction and Wear, 35 (2014) 505-510
Grigoriev, Method of Investigation of the Stress-Strain State of Surface Layer of Machine Elements from a Sintered Nonuniform Material, Applied Mechanics and Materials, (486) 2014 32-35.

Those entail: § Robustness, wear-resistance § Minimal capital and operating costs § Low precision § Flexibility and adaptability § Standardized machine parts and products § Basic raw materials § Small spaces and high movability Furthermore, the composition of a sustainable and holistic concept of decentralized and interconnected open manufacturing spaces is not a task which can be solved by engineers and technicians.
Lusch, Reconfiguration of the Conceptual Landscape: A Tribute to the Service Logic of Richard Normann, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 36 (2008), pp. 152–155
Levine, Perfectly competitive innovation, Journal of Monetary Economics, 2008
Andrews, 3-D printing of open source appropriate technologies for selfdirected sustainable development, Journal of Sustainable Development, 2(4) (2010)
Röhlig, Theory of Small Machine Tools: A Framework Approach to Machine Development, Adv.Materials Research, 769 (2013), pp. 293-300

Sensing technology is attached to the sensor’s sensitive mechanism, sensitive material, process equipment and measurement technique.
Acknowledgements This research work was supproted by The Ministry of science and technology support program “World Heritage risk management and decision support system development and integration demostration” (Program number NO.2013BAK01B05).
References [1] Limin Sun, Jie Shen, Hongsong Zhu: ZTE Technology journal. 17(1) (2011), p. 3 (in Chinese) [2] Geng Yang, Jian Xu, Wei Chen: Journal of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications. 30(4) (2010), p. 20 (in Chinese) [3] Qibo Sun, Jie Liu, Shan Li: Journal of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications. 33(3) (2010), P. 1 (in Chinese) [4] Shuhai Lu, Shuai Liu, Jianjun Li: Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology. 32(11) (2012), P. 181 (in Chinese) [5] Shunyi Zhang, Xiangyan Ning: Journal of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications. 30(4) (2010), p. 30 (in Chinese) [6] Suo Liu: Practical Electronics. (8) (2013), p. 167 (in Chinese) [7] Yabo Liu, Bo Zeng, Dongming Lu: Science of Conservation and Archaeology. 23(3) (2011), p.74 (in Chinese) [8] Zhengmo Zhang: The Establishment of Environment Monitoring System in Conservation and Utilization of Mogao Grottoes.

Realization of a Novel Soft-switch of Inverting Spot Welding Power Supply Pengshu Zhao1,a, Xudong WANG2,b, Xiaosong Na3,c, Miaosen Yang4,d 1,2,3School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering Harbin University of Science & Technology Harbin 150080, China 4School of materials science & Engineering Harbin University of Science & Technology Harbin 150040, China ae-mail: eldonz@163.com, be-mail: wxd6158@163.com, ce-mail: 412692715@qq.com, de-mail: yangmiaosen@163.com Keywords: inverting spot welding ;auxiliary circuit ;zero-voltage bridge ;ACA Abstract.
ACA comes from the simulation process of the foraging behavior of ants on the nature .Ants in motion would leave a kind of material called pheromone on the way they passed through ,so the ants behind can choose their path according the pheromone that the ants before left .The more pheromone is left with more ants before passed through ,the greater probability which the ants choose the same path .This collective behavior of ants actually constitutes a positive feedback phenomenon of learning information ,so the ants could get to the food in the shortest path through this exchange of information[10] .Benefit from this optimization mechanism ,ACA expressed the solution of the problem as a ordered matrix , just like the ant moves between adjacent nodes releasing of pheromone ,and with this guidance the ants behind can choose the next adjacent node ,gradually builds a feasible solution ,finally finds the optimal solution by exchange of information and mutual cooperation between individuals[11,12
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The paper supported by the Scientific Research Fund of Heilongjiang Provincial Education Department (No. 11531031) Youth Foundation of Harbin University of Science & Technology.
References [1] XiHua Zhao .Pressure Welding [M] .Being Jing :Mechanical Industry Press ,1995 [2] Zhengxing Zhu ,Xiangming Yan ,Min Wang .Resistance Welding Technology [M] .Bei Jing : Mechanical Industry Press ,2002 :51-55 [3] Zhicheng Deng ,Jun Lin ,Juntao Wang .The Development of Spot Welding Power [J] .Shanxi Science and Technology ,2007(1) :132-134 [4] Ping Fang .A Review of the Application of Invert Technology to the Resistance Spot Welding [J] .Journal of Nanchang Institute of Aeronautical Technology ,2001 ,(3) :16-19 [5] Minyu Zhao ,The Research of Medium Frequency Inverter Resistance Spot Welding Control System Based on DSP [D] .Shenyang University of Technology ,2008 :14-20 [6] Xigong Li ,Ludong Yang ,Liang Zhang .20kHz High Frequency Inverter Power Supply for Resistance Welding [J] .Transactions of the China Welding Institution ,2006(2) :105-107 [7] EIBann，Mahmoud ,Filevoimitar ,Intelligent constant current control for resistance spot welding[J] .IEEE Intemational Conference
Ant colony algorithm optimizing parameters and its application [D] .Nanjing University of Science and Technology ,2008:5-17

Materials and Methods Plant material and growth conditions The study was conducted on soybean (Glycine max) plants grown in nine OTCs at the Shenyang Ecological Experiment Station of Chinese Academy of Sciences.
In Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis.
Journal of Plant Physiology, 165: 868-875 (2008) [7] Overmyer K, Kangasjarvi J, Sandermann H, et al.
Science in China, Ser.
C: Life Science, pp136-141（2005） [14] Dong J., Wu F.B., Zhang G.P.

It was also grant from Shanghai Institute of Work Safety Science and Shanghai Chemical Industry Park.
Study of Leakage and Diffusion simulating of Hazard chemical substance[D], Shandong University of Science and Technology, 2006
Uncertainty analysis in quantitative risk assessment[J].Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology, 1996, 118(2):121-124
Beijing: China Science and Technology Press, 2001, 720-729
Factors for atmospheric pollutants diffusion and its effect tendency[J], Science & Technology of Baotou Steel(Group) Corporation,2002,28(6): 72-74