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Introduction In the last few decades, aluminium has turned into an extremely popular metallic material especially its casting alloys.
Journal of Metals 1952:409
Materials and Manufacturing Processes 2009;24:174
Science and Technology of Advanced Materials 2001;2:49

Aluminum 2xxx alloys have been one of the primary materials for the structural applications of aerospace and transportation industry because of their performance, manufacturing and reliable inspection techniques.
A relatively new process of joining of materials is friction stir welding process, which was invented by The Welding Institute (TWI) in the UK in 1991.
They concluded that crack growth rates in FS welds are higher than those of the base materials in three test conditions.
Series: Materials Science and Engineering 146 (2016) 012055
ASTM - American Society for Testing & Materials, 1-19 [35] P.J.

The unbalance of interelectrode gap and the unbalance distribution of electric field lead to the unbalance of current density distribution, resulting in the non-uniform material removal of anode.
Table 1 Selected range experimental parameters Interelectrode gap δ [mm] Main components of Electrolyte Electrolyte flowing rate q [m 3/s] Workpiece rotate speed n [r/min] Current density i [A/cm2 ] Processing time T [min] Grit size ω[#] 0.1~0.8 NaNO3 1~20 120~380 20~80 1~2 600~2000 Table 2 Tool and workpiece conditions Workpiece Anode Tool Cathode Workpiece materials Size [mm] Initial surface Materials Processing area [mm2] GCr15 Ф110×26 Ra0.5~0.6µm,HRC58 Cu 26×8 In order to assess the effect of machining factors, the Taguchi method L16 (45) is constructed and the main and interaction effect of factors are estimated by conducting 16 orthogonal experiments.
Acknowledgement The authors are grateful to the financial aid to this projects supplied by Dalian Science and Technology Project Foundation under the contract 2003A1GX061.
Jiang: Journal of Materials Processing Technology 145 (2004), pp.233
Zhou: Journal of Foshan University (Natural Science Edition) Vol.24 (3) (2006), pp.11.

Introduction Mineral resources are nonrenewable and indispensable material base for human society to survive and develop.
It was relatively late for China to start the study of utilization of tailings, but we have been developing at a rapid pace, esp. in recent years, and have made encouraging achievements in the fields of reclamation of valuable components, manufacturing of architectural materials and soil conditioner using tailings as material [6-10].
It can also act as a flotation dispersant, especially for the materials with high content of slimes.
Wang, Status quo and suggestions on comprehensively utilizing mining tailings at home and abroad, Journal of Qingdao Institute of Architecture and Engineering. 4(2001)84-87
Lu, The state and prospects for copper tailings as resources, Journal of Nantong institute of technology (natural science). 4(2004)60-62

Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors are advanced materials for SHM.
Fei, C. and Miao: Journal of Southeast University(Natural Science Edition), Vol. 37 (2007), p. 245 ] identified a variety of 1%-4% of modal frequencies in 24 hours and 1%-2.5% changes during one year.
Acknowledgement This work has been supported by the Key Projects in the National Science & Technology Pillar Program during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan Period, numbered 2006BAJ03B05, and named Health Monitoring and Diagnosis Technology of Major Buildings and Structures.

Adhesive enhancement improved field emission characteristics of carbon nanotube arrays on energetic ion pre-bombarded Si substrates Jian-hua Deng a, Peng-cheng Sun b, Zhao-xia Ping c, Guo-an Cheng * d and Rui-ting Zheng e Key Laboratory of Beam Technology and Material Modification of Ministry of Education, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing100875, People’s Republic of China a shangdidezhufu@mail.bnu.edu.cn, b sunpc_0483@mail.bnu.edu.cn, c pingzhaoxia@126.com , * d Corresponding author: gacheng@bnu.edu.cn, e rtzheng@bnu.edu.cn Key words: Carbon nanotube arrays, Ion bombardment, Field emission characteristics Abstract: Field emission (FE) characteristics of well-aligned multiwall carbon nanotube arrays (CNTAs) grown on originally polished and energetic iron ion bombarded Si substrates were investigated.
Acknowledgements: The authors would like to thank the supports from National Basic Research Program of China (No: 2010CB832905), National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.10575011) and the Key Scientific and Technological Project of Ministry of Education of China (Grant No.108124).
Liang: Science in China Series E-Technological Sciences Vol. 47(5) (2004), p. 616
Liang: Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical Vol. 247 (2006), p. 52
Smalley: Science Vol. 269 (1995), p. 1550

Intelligent Prediction of Process Parameters for Cold Bending Shengle Ren1, a, Yinan Lai1, a, Guangfei Wu1, a, Juntao Gu1, a, Zenglou Li1, a 1P.B. 87, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150001,P.R.
The shaping quality of bending tube mainly includes ellipticity, exine thinness rate and inner wall thickness rate, and there are many factors that could influence the shaping quality, such as pipe size, material, the rotating velocity of pipe die, the technological parameters in bending process, and so on.
Acknowledgements The research is supported by Project of Chinese-Bulgarian Scientific and Technological Cooperation (2009DFA71860), National Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province (ZJG2007-02-02), Program for New Century Excellent Talents in Heilongjiang Provincial University (1153-NCET-005) and National Science Youth Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(QC2009C50).
International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, Vol. 43, (2001), p. 427~453 [4].
Mechanical Science and Technology, Vol. 27, (2008), p. 65~67.

In physical training teaching reality, because the material conditions can’t meet the training needs, each school had to purchase equipment construction training field in budget permit conditions [5].
The traditional basketball teaching is mainly through the teacher's explanation and demonstration of the progress as science and technology, virtual reality technology is applied to the courseware making and teaching in basketball teaching.
Zhang: Science and Technology Innovation Herald, Vol. 23 (2011) No.19, p.203
Li: Journal of Computer Aided Design and Computer Graphics, Vol. 15 (2003) No.11, p.1333
Li: Popular Science, Vol. 5 (2011) No.8, p.164.

Reflection of the Teaching Reform of Environmental Art Design ZhouMing Jiangxi science & technology normal university China Key words: environmental art design, development reality, creative thinking, national concept, teaching reform Abstract: Art design creative talent training can’t be separated from the teaching reform in colleges and universities, and the mission of art design creative talent training will be accomplished by the system of creative curriculum of the speciality eventually.
The construction of creative thinking training Creativity is the creation of the combination of science and technology and art.
Composition subjects are not only separate specialized courses, it is also a diversified science integrated ideas, social interpersonal relationships, environment, psychology, vision and science.
Art works is actually a kind of imagery activity, a kind of representation activity of emotion form, emotion symbols and emotion to constitute art works by materializing image with the aid of certain perceptual material medium .
Hangzhou Journal of Education 2007 [3]Wangyu.Teaching Reform and Practice of Environmental Art curriculum［J］，2010 [4]Cheng guohui. 

The Multi-resolution Modeling of CTCS-3 Visualization Based on Meta-model Ye Deng1, a, Rui Yang2, b, Qianxiang Zhou1, c 1School of biological science and medical engineering, Beihang University, China 2Chinese aeronautical radio electronics research institute, China ady945207@gmail.com, bryang12@126.com, czqxg@buaa.edu.cn Keywords: CTCS; Railway visualization; Meta-model; Multi-resolution; XML Abstract.
According to the different requirement of simulation, the visual resolution of scene model should be different, which can save a lot of manpower, money and material, meanwhile assure the reliability of visualization.
Acknowledgement This work is supported by the Science and Technology on Avionics Integration Laboratory and the Aviation Science Foundation of China (20115551025), the Natural Science Foundation of China (31170895).
Tiedao Xuebao/Journal of the China Railway Society, 2009, 31(3): 107-110
Beijing, Science Press, 2008