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Filling Pattern of Step Gating System in Lost Foam Casting Process and Its Application Hong Zhou 1,a, Li Heng Luo2,b 1Department of Materials Engineering, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, China 2No.28 Primary School of Panzhihua Municipal, Panzhihua, China apzhu_zhouhong@163.com, bpzhu_luoliheng@163.com Keyword: Step gating system, Auxiliary sprue, Filling pattern, Lost foam casting, Numerical simulation Abstract: To explore application of step gating system in LFC, filling process of two types of step gating system was simulated, their filling patterns were found, and several engineering examples were analyzed basing on these patterns.
This study selected cast iron as cast material, its parameters [8] include: density of 7.0 g·cm-3, specific heat of 6.28E+6 cm2·s-2·K-1, conductivity of 4.19E+6 g·s-3·K-1, thermal expansion of 1.3E-3 cm·K-1, liquidus temperature of 1783.3 K, solidus temperature of 1733.3 K, latent heat of fusion of 2.72E+9 cm-2·s-2, pour temperature of 1833.3 K.
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 182 (2007), p.333
(in Chinese) [8] C.W.Hirt and M.R.Barkhudarov: MODELING THE LOST FOAM PROCESS WITH DEFECT PREDICTION ( Flow Science, Inc., U.

Preparation and basic characterizations of alginate-chitosan hydrogel Nan Xing 1,2,a, Feng Tian 1,b, Jian Yang 1,c and Yukun Li 2,d 1 Institute of Medical Equipment, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300161, P.
China 2 Chinese Medical Equipment Journal, Tianjin 300161, P.
Materials and methods 2.1 Materials Sodium alginate (the viscosity for a 1% (w/v) solution at 20℃ is 200cp) was purchased from Sanpu chemical industry Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China).
The peak of physical mixture appears to be combination of each material but it is different from that of scaffolds probably because complexation of polyelectrolytes will result in new chemical bonds [21].

Introduction Fretting wear corresponds to a situation where a material removal is due to a repetitive sliding contact with small contact loads.
Especially, the wear behavior in a water lubricant condition is sensitively affected by the material/mechanical properties such as a changed hardness of the contacting surfaces, subsurface deformation, etc [1,2].
The fuel rod specimens are prepared with the dimensions of 40 mm in length, 9.5 mm in outer diameter, and 0.6 mm in wall thickness using Zirconium alloy; this commercial alloy has been used as nuclear fuel claddings and for the main components of fuel assembly materials.
Acknowledgements This study has been carried out under the Nuclear R&D Program by Ministry of Science and Technology in Korea.
Jung: KSTLE International Journal Vol.4 (2003), p.31 [4] Y.

Figure 1: Unilateral cost and boundary cost coefficient and the relation curve of architectural layers Factors which affect project cost mainly includes the structure design of the choice of building material, building structure, etc.
Especially building materials, usually accounts for 70% of the direct costs.
If the changes in the design phase, only need to modify drawings, other fees has not yet occurred, the loss is limited; If the procurement phase changes, not only need to modify drawings, materials and equipment, must also purchase again; If changes in construction stage, in addition to the above fees, have construction project must be demolished, is bound to cause significant change.
Journal of Henan University (Natural Science).Vol.39 No.6(2009.11),P.655 [4] GB 50319-2000,Construction Cost Management.Wuhan University of Technology(China)

Materials and Methods Growth conditions.
Canadian Journal of Forestry Research Vol. 14 (1984), pp.343350
Journal of Air and Waste Management Association Vol. 41 (1991), pp.798-807
Journal of Experimental Botany Vol. 43 (1992), pp.1121-1130
Journal of Biogeography Vol. 22 (1995), pp.323-330

Miszczyk1 1 Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, PAS, PL-30-059 Kraków, Poland 2Mechanical Department, University of Opole, Opole, Poland 3 Université Paris-Sud, ICMMO, CNRS UMR 8182, Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Etat Solide, Orsay, F-91405, France Keywords: ECAP, Texture, Microstructure, Mechanical properties, Aluminium alloy Abstract.
Introduction Severe plastic deformation (SPD) is very often used for the improvement of strength properties of aluminium alloys by converting the conventional coarse-grained metals into ultra-fine grained materials [1].
Experimental The material used in the investigations was a commercial AA3104 aluminium alloy.
Liu: Materials Letters Vol. 57 (2003), p. 3767
Liu: Journal of Alloys and Compounds Vol. 482 (2009), p. 264

The table 2 provides the mechanical properties of the three materials involved in the tests.
For both materials the contact surface enlarges with increasing cycle number, impact pressure and sliding velocity.
Berns, Effect of surface work hardening on wear behavior of Hadfield steel, Materials Science and Engineering A 420 (2006) 47–54 [9] Yuri N.
Xu, Effect of work hardening on wear behaviour of Hadfield steel, Materials Science and Engineering.
Berns, Corrosion-resistant analogue of Hadfield steel, Materials Science and Engineering A 420 (2006) 47–54 [12] Weilin Yan, Liang Fang, Kun Suna, Yunhua Xu, Surface structure of stainless and Hadfield steel after impact wear, Materials Science and Engineering A 460–461 (2007) 542–549 [13] W.R.

Tribological Study of Xanthate-containing Acetic Ester as Additives in Hydrogenated Oil Li Chaolong 1, Xiong Liping1,Liu Hong1, Xiong Liting2, Wang Wei1 1School of Basic Science, Eastchina Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, PR China 2School of computer science and software engineering, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330013, PR China Keywords: Acetic ester derivative; additive; hydrogenated oil; tribological mechanism Abstract.A novel ester derivative, dodecyl xanthate acetic dodecyl xanthate ester(DXAD) was synthesized and it’s tribological behaviors as additives in hydrogenated oil, were evaluated using a four-ball tester.
In the paper, we use xanthate as raw material, to synthesis a kind of xanthate-containing ester derivative, which accord with biodegradable request of lubricating oil additive.
The protective film formed during sliding processes contributed to the increase in the wear resistance and friction reduction Acknowledgements The work reported here were supported financially by the Chinese Natural Science Foundation (No:21063007，21163006); Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation (No:2010GZH0030); Jiangxi Provincial Science and Technology Department Projects of China (No:2010BGB00602); Jiangxi Education Department Foundation of China (Grant No: GJJ10442).
References [1] He Zhongyi, Zhan Weiqiang, etal, Study of the synergistic effect of a triazine-dithiocarbamate derivative with TCP in vegetable oil, Journal of Synthesis Lubrication, 2005,21(4),287-297 [2] Milner J L, Phillips R L, Ozbalik N, et al.

College of Science and Engineering ,Qiongzhou University,Sanya, Hainan, 572022, P.
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 200051, P.
Wastewater material.
Journal of Environmental Management[J],2003,65,253-261 [3] Yang Gao,Liang Mao,Chi-yuan Miao,Pei Zhou,Jie-jun Cao,Yue-er Zhi ,Wan-jun Shi.
Science of the Total Environment[J],2010,408,3251-3260 [4] Bin Zhaoa,Urs Kreuter,Bo Li,Zhijun Ma, Jiakuan Chen, Nobukazu Nakagoshi.

The type of steel is Q235, and assuming that the meterial is elasto-plastic material, conforming Von Mises yield criterion and using the Prandtl.Reuss incremental relationship as the plastic constitutive relation.
(Eds), Proceeding of the Tenth International Symposium on Structural Engineering for Young Experts, Science Press, Beijing, 2008, pp. 1966-1969
Shi, Elasto-plastic stability bearing capacity calculation for K8 single-layer reticulated shells under fire conditions, Beijing University of Technology Journal
Zhou , Haishun Wang, Analysis of the influence of joint's rigidity on the ultimate bearing capacity of single-layer spherical reticulated shell, Advances Structure Engineering: Theory and Applications, Science Press, Beijing, 2006
Chen, Stability of reticulated shell structures, Science Press, Beijing, 1999 (in Chinese).