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These parameters are obtained using material parameter identification software.
Lee, Advanced Issues in Spraingback, International Journal of Plasticity. 45 (2013) 3-20
Uemori, A model of large-strain cyclic plasticity and its application to springback simulation, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences. 10 (2003) 1687 – 1702
Chung, Continuous, large strain, tension/compression testing of sheet material, International Journal of Plasticity. 21 (2005) 2319-2343
Jirathearanat, Springback prediction in sheet metal forming of high strength steels, Materials and Design. 50 (2013) 253 – 266

Metamaterials are artificial composite structures or composite materials, which possess supernormal physical properties that natural materials don’t have.
Through orderly designing the structures in the critical physical size of materials, we can render the materials to break through some restriction in some certain apparent natural laws.
He presented that these materials have negative permittivity and negative permeability simultaneously in special frequency range.
Therefore, the first left-handed materials come out to human being [3].
And the founding of left-handed materials has been selected as one of the “ten key” scientific breakthrough by American <<Science>>magazine in 2003, which triggered worldwide research on this new material.

Nano- and new materials technology are strong research and product development targets, and new applications and solutions arise all the time.
The ongoing trend for miniaturization of different devices and improvement of property of materials require improvements in technology.
Many such tasks are solved by means of nano-technology and nano-materials.
Faster computers, advanced pharmaceuticals, controlled drug delivery, biocompatible materials, nerve and tissue repair, surface coatings, better skin care and protection, catalysts, sensors, telecommunications, magnetic materials and devices – to name but a few of the areas where nanotechnology will have a major impact.
Sophisticated materials and materials systems with novel properties and unheard of performance will have to be conceived and designed in the decades to come.

There are several alternative energy sources, including solar energy materials (silicon, perovskite, and organic photovoltaic materials) [3–5], wind energy materials (steel, aluminum, and composite materials) [6], hydropower materials (concrete, steel, coating, and high-strength alloy) [7], geothermal energy materials (steel, high-temperature alloy, ceramic, and heat-resistance materials) [8], biomass and biofuel materials (organic materials and waste materials) [9,10], and piezoelectric materials (Bismuth ferrite (BF), and lead zirconate titanate (PZT), and nanomaterials) [11,12].
Kularatna-Abeywardana, A review of supercapacitors: Materials, technology, challenges, and renewable energy applications, Journal of Energy Storage 96 (2024) 112563. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2024.112563
Competition with the production of bioproducts and materials?
Zhang, Beaded electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes for membrane distillation (MD), Journal of Membrane Science 661 (2022) 120850. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120850
Miclau, The Effect of Bi2O3 and Fe2O3 Impurity Phases in BiFeO3 Perovskite Materials on Some Electrical Properties in the Low-Frequency Field, Materials 15 (2022) 4764. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15144764

It is established that some superplastic materials undergo significant cavitation during deformation.
Roberts: Materials Science and Technology Vol. 8 (1992), p. 611
Wang: Journal of Materials Science Vol. 30 (1995), p. 2549
Journal of Solids Structures Vol. 26 (1990), p. 149
Darras: Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance Vol.13 (2004), p. 691

Nanoscratching was also used to investigate fundamental micro-fracture in brittle materials.
Liu: Materials Science and Engineering A Vol. 523 (2009), p. 193 [7] H.
Faraone: Materials Science and Engineering A Vol. 435-436 (2006), p. 453 [8] H.
Fratzl: Materials Science and Eng.
Ranganathan: Materials Science and Eng.

This combination is extremely effective for particle-based simulation of fibrous materials with fine and disordered microstructure described by short-range interactions.
Therefore, all presented microplane-based approaches can be used for nonlinear materials as well.
Tadmor, The quasicontinuum method: Overview, applications and current directions, Journal of Computer-Aided Materials Design. 9 (2002) 203-239
Oh, Microplane model for progressive fracture of concrete and rock, Journal of Engineering Mechanics. 111 (1985) 559-582
Patzák, OOFEM - an object-oriented simulation tool for advanced modeling of materials and structures.

Yin1,2,a, D.P.Wang3,b 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China 2Henan Key Laboratory of Non-ferrous Materials Science & Processing Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China 3School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072，China, ayindanqing@mail.haust.edu.cn, bwangdp@tju.edu.cn Keywords: Ultrasonic peening treatment, Stress corrosion, Austenitic stainless steel, Fractography Abstract.
Figure 3 shows fracture of the UPT treated base materials.
Ma: Materials Science Forum Vol. 575-578 (2008), p. 672 [4] H.
Hamid: Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance Vol.18 (2009): p. 406 [5] H.F.
Peng: Journal of Chinese Society For Corrosion and Protection Vol.25 (2009), p. 152 [6] I.

Favaro, Journal of Cultural Heritage, Vol. 1 (2000), p. 393 10.
Wuertz: Journal of Cultural Heritage Vol. 2 (2001), p. 31 16.
Zhang, Nature Materials Vol. 1 (2002), p. 26 58.
Science Vol. 247 (2005) p. 232 83.
Misawa: Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids Vol. 354 (2008), p. 5485

The exploitations and experimentations with nanophase or nanostructure materials are not new.
Dutta: Journal of Physics Science and Ideas, Vol. 4 (2004), p. 50
Sirikulrat: Material Science Forum, Vol. 561-565 (2007), p. 2447-2450
Sirikulrat: Journal of Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials, Vol. 9 (2007), p. 3061
Dararutana, et al., Advanced Materials Research, Vols. 39-40 (2008), p. 257.