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The absorption bands in IR curve at 528 cm-1 and 627 cm-1 corresponding to the vibration of octahedron group [CrO6], the peaks slightly shift to high wave number with the increase of the x value.
XRD characterization of the low-temperature combustion synthesis sample CoxZn1-xCr2O4 (x= 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 0.95 and 1) shows in Figure. 1, which is in good agreement with JCPDS card of ZnCr2O4 (JCPDS No: 22-1107) and CoCr2O4 (JCPDS No: 22-1084).
The characteristic diffraction JCPDS card information of ZnCr2O4 and CoCr2O4 show in Table 1.
Because spinel characteristic infrared bands belong F1u symmetry [23,24], so the crystal octahedron field have also been perturbed, which leading to the characteristic absorption peaks in curves of infrared spectrum slightly shift to higher wave number, but this offset in the x values ​​is still very small.
With the increase of tetrahedral Co2 + content, the characteristic absorption peaks slightly shift to higher wave number.

From Fig. 1 (a), it was observed that the diffraction peaks of all samples exhibited a hexagonal ZnO wurtzite structure according to the JCPDS card number of 36-1451.
Therefore, a number of small micelles occurred and the small ZnO particles were generated.
The XRD patterns of all La-doped ZnO nanoparticles exhibited a hexagonal ZnO wurtzite structure corresponding to the JCPDS card number of 36-1451.
Acknowledgements This work is supported by Thailand Research Fund (TRF) and Prince of Songkla University under the contract number MRG5480072.

Abstract Intensive and innovative research is focused on the preparation of various nanostructured materials especially nanostructured metal oxides as applicable to number of applications.The present work mainly emphasis a single step synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles by employing surfactant free forced condensation method.
All the major peaks are corresponding to the Zn (OH)2 of orthorhombic structure and are well matching with the JCPS card 20-1437 (Fig. 1 (a)).
All the major diffraction peaks are well matching with the ZnO material corresponding to wurtzite hexagonal structure and diffraction data are in agreement with JCPDS card of ZnO (JCPDS card 05-0664).

The weak diffraction peaks at 2q = 25.4°, 44.5°, 46.1° and 52.6° correspond to the (200), (320), (321) and (322) planes of orthorhombic AgInS2 (JCPDS Card File No. 65–7332), respectively.
The other stronger diffraction peaks are attributed to cubic AgIn5S8 (JCPDS Card File No. 25–1329).
The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of methyl orange as a function of recycle number was carried out in the presence of the AgIn5S8/AgInS2 composite or AgIn5S8, respectively.
The degradation efficiency of methyl orange decreases with increasing recycle number.

Results and discussion The XRD pattern of LiFePO4/C powder and the JCPDS standard LiFePO4 pattern are shown in Fig. 1.
The as-prepared material reveal a single-phase LiFePO4 with an ordered olivine structure indexed by orthorhombic Pnma (JCPDS card No. 83-2092).
The lattice parameters of the material calculated by MDI.Jade.5.0 are a= 10.339 Å, b= 6.010 Å, c= 4.696 Å, which are very close to the standard data (a= 10.334 Å, b= 6.010 Å, c= 4.693 Å) given by JCPDS card No. 83-2092.
The lithium coefficient increases first and then decreases, with the increasing of discharge rate and cycle number.
The electrochemical tests show that i0 and D values of LiFePO4 cathode increases first and then decreases, with the increasing of discharge rate and cycle number.

The deflection peaks can be perfectly assigned to the standard value of AlOOH (JCPDS card number 21-1307).
When the precursor was calcined in air at 800 °C and 1000 °C for 2 h, respectively, both the deflection peaks of the product were in agreement with the standard data of orthorhombic γ-Al2O3 (JCPDS card number 50-0741).

Lithium ion batteries have a number of advantages compared with other secondary batteries, for example, low self-discharge rate, long cycle life, ability to function at desired temperature [2,4].
The XRD pattern of synthesized TiO2 compared with JCPDs no. 46-1237 (TiO2(B)) and 21-1272 (Anatase TiO2) was shown in Fig. 1.
The XRD pattern of product matches with JCPDS card no. 46-1237, which is TiO2(B).
However, there was also lower intensity peaks which matches very well with JCPDS card no.21-1272 (Anatase TiO2).
The XRD pattern of the product, as shown in Fig. 3, revealed sharp peaks which matches well with JCPDS card no. 27-1402 (silicon) with little amount of impurities.

A larger number of hydroxyl groups on its surface make it one of the most promising nanoparticles [1,2].
Results and Discussion Fig. 1 presents X-ray diffractograms of natural palygorskite and Pali-ZrO2, which the main reflections concerning palygorskite and quartz were identified with the aid of crystallographic cards in cards JCPDS numbered 31-0783 and 1-0850794, respectively.
Two peaks at 30.8° and 60.9° of Pali-ZrO2 of the compound were indexed to the planes (011) and (311) of ZrO2 (JCPDS, n. 83-0810) [12] respectively, which indicates that the nanoparticles of ZrO2 were formed on the structure of palygorskite or on its surface.

A large numbers of SiO32- ions formed at the initial reaction stage in CaO-SiO2-H2O system are the key to synthesize xonotlite whisker.
It is clear to see from Fig.1 that the main crystal phrases synthesized via different hydrothermal process were xonotlite(corresponding to Ca6Si6O17(OH)2(23-0125) of JCPDS standard cards).
The velocity gradient of fluid field in system was formed by stirring way, which resulted in a large numbers of spherical particles were obtained due to the effect of cutting torque.
X-ray diffraction patterns of the products hydrothermally synthesized from K2SiO3 as kiesel materials via different hydrothermal process are presented in Fig.3, where the hydrothermally derived calcium silicate phases were confirmed to be xonotlite phase(corresponding to Ca6Si6O17(OH)2(23-0125) of JCPDS standard cards).

It's seen that as the number of pulses increase, the average grain size increase due to cluster formation.
Table 2: The average diameter and roughness of ZnO:Cu2O NPs prepared under different number of pulses.
Cu2O peaks were centered at 2θ= 37, 43, 64 and 77 which corresponds to (111), (200), (220) and (222) planes similar to the JCPDS card No. 78-2076 [13].
ZnO peaks were centered at 2θ=32, 34, 56 and 63 with (100), (002), (110) and (103) planes same as in JCPDS card No. 79-0208 [14].
Conclusion Nd:YAG laser was used at different number of shots to prepare ZnO:Cu2O nanoparticles.