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Only increasing structural size and improving material property are not efficient to prolong service life.
To improve fatigue strength, manufacturers and investigators try to enhance material performance, increasing wall thickness and processing fineness.
Acknowledgments This work is supported by Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Equipment from Ministry of Education (2006STS03) and Science Foundation of Southwest Petroleum University (2010XJZ151).
Research on Material of Pump Fluid End about Autofrettage and Fatigue Strength.
JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL STRENGTH, 2000,22(2):146-148.

Study of Flux on Wetting Behavior of Sn-Zn Lead-Free Solders Huan Liu1,2,a，Feng Xue1,2,b and Jian Zhou1,2,c 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China 2Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Advanced Metallic Materials, Nanjing, China aliuhuanseu@163.com, bxuefeng@seu.edu.cn, cjethro@seu.edu.cn Keywords: Solders; Lead-Free; Flux; Sn; Zn Abstract.
Lead-free solder materials for sustainable development of green electronics.
Ding, Journal of southeast university （Natural Science Edition，In Chinese). 3, 39 (2009)

After the desired depth of the crack was reached, the plate was machined and polished to remove the initial notch, leaving true fatigue crack in the remaining material.
This work was partly supported by The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology under Grant-in-Aid for Specially Promoted Research (COE) (2) 11CE2003, and by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science under Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) (2) 14350050.
Zoughi: Materials Evaluation Vol. 53 (1995), p. 496
Abé: JSME International Journal A Vol. 45 (2002), p. 573
Miyadu: Key Engineering Materials, Vol. 261 (2004), p. 955.

Road and Railway Engineering College, Changsha University of Science and Technology 2.
During the test, a total of four different materials are tested by the pullout test under different temperatures.
The mean value of four different materials is calculated in accordance with the different temperature, as shown in table 2: Table 2 Mean value of bonding strength of different waterproof adhesive layer material Material 1 Material 2 Material 3 Material 4 Test temperature(℃) 20 25 28 32 35 20 25 30 35 34 38 32 Mean value(MPa) 1.10 1.01 0.98 0.95 0.93 1.04 0.99 0.92 0.88 0.94 0.90 0.96 According to the table, we can found the regularity of bonding strength with the different temperatures of material 1 and material 2, as shown in figure 7.
Table 3 The comparison of bonding strength of different materials material material 1 material 2 material 3 material 4 strength(MPa) 0.95 0.90 0.96 0.96 From the table 3, the bonding strength of material 1, material 2 and material 4 are almost the same at the same reference temperature.
Study on the structure design method of cement concrete bridge deck and asphalt pavement [J].China highway journal, 2001, 1 [5] Zhang Zhanjun.

NiCrBSi based alloys haven been widely used as coating materials in the application areas where the surfaces are subjected to abrasive wear and corrosion.
The key point is that the WC and Ni particles were mixed with polymer materials and then grinded to form a flexible cloth.
A commercial WC powder (Great Wall Zigong Hard Surface Materials Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China) was purchased as the coating raw materials.
Acknowledgments This study was funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China [2018YFA0704604], Major Special Topics of Science and Technology [Contract No. 2017ZX06002010] and the China Natural Science Foundation [Contract No. 21476073, 21176069].
Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials. 49 (2015) 350 - 364

High Efficiency Cooling and Heating Channels for Injection Moulding FREITAS Paulo1,2,a, SANTOS Cyril1,3,b, CARREIRA Pedro1,3,c and MATEUS Artur1,2,d 1CDRsp – Centre for rapid and sustainable product development, Rua de Portugal – Zona Industrial, 2430-028 Marinha Grande, Portugal 2ESTG – Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão, Campus 2 – Morro do Lena, Alto do Vieiro, Apt 4163, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal 3CEMMPRE – Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, Paço das Escolas, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal apaulo.freitas@ipleiria.pt, bcyril.santos@ipleiria.pt, cpedro.s.carreira@ipleiria.pt, dartur.mateus@ipleiria.pt Keywords: Mould conformal cooling, Channel fins; High aspect ratio; Topological optimization; Mould design methodology.
If the cooling achieved is sufficiently fast the crystallographic growth of the material can be manipulated to obtain specific properties observable in the mesoscale.
This early crystallization dictates the growth orientation of the spherulites which isn’t always favorable [5, 6], because engineers often project a part envisioning an orthotropic behavior from the material or design with a higher safety coefficient, this makes for either unpredictable or heavier parts.
Acknowledgements This work was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) through the following project: UID/Multi/04044/2013 and PAMI - ROTEIRO/0328/2013 (Nº 022158).
Nishiwaki, "A topology optimization method for a coupled thermal–fluid problem using level set boundary expressions," International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 81, pp. 878-888, 2015

Table1 Proportion of Top 5 Sub-industries in Manufacturing Industry in Suzhou, Wuxi & Changzhou Suzhou % Wuxi % Changzhou % Communication equipment, computer and other electronic equipment manufacturing 33.17 11.73 Textile Industry 9.97 10.75 13.4 Ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing 8.52 19.1 8.98 Electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing 6.18 6.63 9.49 Raw chemical materials & chemical products manufacturing 5.87 8.16 10.74 General machinery manufacturing 12.77 Aggregate proportion of pillar industries 63.72 56.68 55.38 Data source: statistics yearbook of Suzhou Wuxi and Changzhou 2007 Internationalized Pillar Industry Supporting Radius.
The investment data for the World's Top 500 Enterprises are from the analysis for the data materials in the statistic information network of the respective statistic bureaus in SXC.
This project is supported by Zhejiang Social Science Planning Key Project (08HZC306Z) and Jiangsu Philosophy and Social Science Research Project in Colleges and Universities (05SJD790063) References [1] T.
Li: Key Engineering Materials Vol. 426-427 (2010): p.485-489 [2] L.
Yuan: Jianghai Academic Journal (2007) No.1: p.81-87 [3] T.

Applied Mechanics and Materials, v44-47, p1146-1150, 2011, Frontiers of Manufacturing and Design Science
Applied Mechanics and Materials, v 389, p 618-622, 2013, Materials Technologies, Automation Systems and Information Technologies in Industry
Journal of Zhejiang University (engineering science), 2004,02:88-94

For this purpose, a bending calculation of annular solid plates with specific laws of bedding coefficient change is performed, and the calculation results of the author's method are compared with the corresponding calculations using the LIRA-SAP PC [13]. 3 Materials and Methods of Research The method of direct integration is used to calculate annular plates lying on an elastic Winkler base with variable bedding coefficient under the action of transverse load.
International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 119 (2016) 197–207
Analytical Relations», Strength of Materials, Vol. 53(2), pp. 247–257, 2021
Materials Science Forum, 968 (2019) 450-459.

Effect of Bentonite Binder on Adsorption and Cation Exchange Properties of Granulated Nano NaY Zeolite Charkhi Amir1, 2, a, Kazemeini Mohammad2, b*, Ahmadi Seyyed javad1, c, Ammari Allahyari Sareh1, d 1Departments of Nuclear Fuel Cycle, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran, Iran 2Deptartment of Chemical and petroleum engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran aacharkhi@aeoi.org.ir, bKazemini@sharif.edu, csjahmadi@aeoi.org.ir, d sammari@aeoi.org.ir *Telephone: +98 21 66165425 * Fax: +98 21 66012983 Keywords: bentonite, granulation, nano NaY zeolite, adsorption, Cation exchange.
Obtained results were compared with similar results of binderless micron sized NaY material.
These valuable crystalline materials which have a wide range of applications acting as molecular sieves, ion-exchangers and catalysts might not be utilized in their original size in a lot of industrial applications [1].
Materials The nano NaY zeolite was synthesized utilizing clear solution method according to the batch composition reported by Creaser and co-workers [6] (i.e.; employing a mixture of 2.46(TMA)2O: 0.032Na2O: 1Al2O3: 3.40SiO2: 370H2O).
Kazemian, Under Revision in Journal of Powders Technology (2011)