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The results showed energetic reductions close to 20% during winter.
Currently, Building Information Modelling (BIM) is widely used in industries and its models are used as an exchange method for data between different professionals that participate in the design and construction of buildings [11].
Data was divided in 3 types: (i) The energy necessary to warm the environment to the comfort temperature, (ii) The energy necessary to cool the environment, and (iii) The sum of both quantities for a total annual consumption of kWh per space.
According to the data obtained, the earnings and losses percentages were calculated depending on the case (see Table 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5).
Shaw, Interpretation of passive solar field data with EnergyPlus models: Un-conventional wisdom from four sunspaces in Eugene, Oregon, Build.

Free response data obtained from for ambient vibration techniques were used to apply the ERA and identify the modal parameters.
· Single 2 - 50% joint reduction at node 11
The data acquisition system was set up to measure cross power spectrum and coherence function.
Data acquisition system was used HP VXI 1432.
Katafygiotis: "Determination of Modal Parameters from Ambient Vibration Data for Structural Health Monitoring", Proceedings of the First World Conference on Structural Control, Pasadena CA (1994), pp.

The oxygen reduction reaction at the cathode-PEM interface is the main limiting factor for PEMFC performance and efficiency.
Specifically, the Fe 3+/Fe 2+ redox couple was chosen, with the following cathode reaction: Fe 3+(aq) + e ⇌ Fe 2+(aq) (eq.1) The redox cathode species has the following advantages over the conventional PEMFC cathode: - No noble metal catalyst is needed, carbon based materials can be used for Fe 3+ reduction - Enables the use of a three dimensional electrode structure (high surface area) - No need for a complex three-phase zone for oxygen reduction - Very fast kinetics at the cathode with high exchange current density - No water management, humidification, or cooling concerns (liquid catholyte) - Possibility of less expensive membranes and simpler flow field/cell designs All of these advantages can result in fuel cell system simplification and cost reduction.
In this work, the kinetics of ferric reduction and its diffusion properties at the cathode are evaluated, using CV and EIS in a simulated bio-electrolyte (SBE).
However, from a fuel cell application perspective Pt and TGP-H090 will give the same performance at the working iron concentration (obtained from optimized bioreactor data).

There are several constructive measures for pressure pulsations and vibrations reduction describes by the authors [4].
It should be noted that one of the effective methods for noise and vibration reduction is using vibration absorbing polymer materials [5].
It was stated that watering of sliding surface with water or methanol solution entails to friction coefficient reduction.
Future Work Future work will aimed on: - test rig research in efficiency determination and etc.; - data acquisition of vibroacoustic characteristics on the different micropump working regimes[11]; - improvement and optimization of micropump construction..
Shakhmatov, Reduction of Vibroacoustic Loads in Aviation Combined Pumps, Proceedings of the 29th Congress of the International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences, St.

. % [3]; important for achieving reduction in the hardness difference between the two phases, and so centre to surface differences in plates.
In agreement with the literature the martensite responded with a reduction in hardness with longer tempering times.
On tempering between 30 minutes to 16 hours the reduction in hardness was more gradual.
There is not a complete levelling out of the hardness after 16 hours, however all of the phase fractions do exhibit a reduction in hardness.
These are associated with greater scatter in the experimental data and are distributed around the RoM trendline rather than showing a consistent deviation direction.

On the other hand, SiO2 forms during cooling of the melt and the carbo-thermic reduction of silica seems to play an important role in the formation of silica: + 2 [C] → [Si] + 2 {CO} Figure 2 shows the isotherms of silica reduction by carbon for different temperatures.
Figure 2: Equilibrium isotherms of silica reduction by carbon [1].
Experimental data [4] and [5] were used to validate the air entrainment model and to determine the entrainment coefficient, Cent by comparing the predicted steady state relative air entrainment rates to experimental measurements for different liquid jet velocities and diameters:.
In addition, as mentioned earlier dross continuously forms during holding time as the melt temperature gets below the equilibrium temperature of the silica reduction by carbon (Figure 2).
This is because the temperature of the melt usually drops below the equilibrium temperature of the silica reduction by carbon during filling and solidification or is already below that temperature at the beginning of pouring.

From Table 1, the data from XRF was prepared.
This result showed the reduction of density at an increasing level of the inclusion of wood fibre.
The bulk density reduction effect is attributed to a lower specific gravity of wood fibre.
The specific gravity and the density of the wood fibre contributed the reduction of the density of the composites material.
The incorporation of wood fibre into the mixture at an increasing level may result in a gradual reduction in bulk density of the hardened geopolymer composite. 4.

At present, the commonly used methods of reducing resistance are externally induced grounding, deep well grounding, electrolytic ion grounding, blasting grounding, artificial reduction of resistance and so on[1] .
Comparative analysis of Dongshan wind farm resistance reduction method According to the geological data in the region, the overburden of Quaternary System thickness in Dongshan wind farm site is 0.3m ~ 22.4m.
The combination of electrolytic ion g rounding method with externally grounding and artificial reduction of resistance (resistance reducing agent) is more suitable for Dongshan wind farm.
The design uses DK-AGc electrolytic earth polar as the main resistance reduction device of the grounding network.
According to the computational formula of DK-AGc electrolytic earth polar: Calculated: N=41 set Grounding resistance reduction projects of the total station needs 41 sets of electrolytic earth polars.

Seeking a good kind of the vibration reduction technology also has become a focus problem for academia and engineering experts.
When it combines with the finite element model, the vibration equation dimension is too big, which can cause the reduction of the system to be difficult.
It can be seen that the natural frequencies and loss factors of theoretical calculation for the first 4 modes are very close to the experimental data .
The numerical example shows that: the modeling method for the SCLD beam is correct, the adaptive controller can express the active performance of SCLD structure effectively and have a good vibration reduction effect.
Lan.MODEL REDUCTION OF VISCOELASTIC FINITE ELEMENT MODELS[J].

On the other hand, thermal degradation (decomposition) of fly ash treated by water-washing is more stable than non-water washed fly ash: 5wt% reduction up to 1000 � but increasing sharply until reaching 20% loss at 1200 � then remaining relatively stable until reaching 1400 � .
In the case of fly ash as received, the remarkable reduction in weight at around 800 � resulted from sudden evaporation after melting at 804 � and 779 � for NaCl and KCl, respectively ( Table 1).
However, the stable reaction of only 5% reduction during heating up to 1000 � is related to the removal of chlorides in the fly ash.
With and without water-washing process, fly ash follows the same reaction in the heating process; dissociation of Ca(OH)2 at 485 � and CaCl2Ca(OH)2H2O at 689 � resulting in the 5% reduction up to 1000 � .
But a higher value in KIC was seen at the firing temperature of 950 � and the holding time of 60 min, though being large scattering of data.