Search results

A 42%-increase of the maximum peak-to-peak value of the echo pulse response, a 52%-reduction of the ring down time and a 200%-increase of the bandwidth can be achieved by using the backing material.
In order to improve the accuracy of data processing and effectiveness of the structural health monitoring, the increase of the sensitivity and resolution of the sensor are desired through a reasonable selection of backing material that matches well with the piezoelectric element [4].
The time domain response and frequency spectrum of CPUS, tungsten power/epoxy resin backing layer From the time domain responses in Figs. 2~5, it can be seen that, under resonant frequency excitation, no distortion of the received waveform, significant increase of the first pulse amplitude and peak-to-peak value, as well as a reduction of the pulse shock time are shown when metal powder/epoxy resin composite materials backing layers are used.

Increasing the temperature of thermal stabilization, as well as the tensile load onto the bundle causes a significant reduction in the time during which the process of dispersion of precursor material develops and formation of a new high dispersion phase of thermostabilized fiber.
The length reduction is 9% at the same temperature of isothermal stabilization.
These data suggest that the formation of the structure of thermostabilized PAN fiber proceeds via the formation of a new fine phase (average size ~1 nm) in local microvolumes - CSD3.

This paper provides a valuable reference for the vibration source identification and structural vibration reduction.
Firstly the power spectrum density functions are obtained by calculating the data in time domain.
This paper provides a valuable reference for the vibration source identification and structural vibration reduction.

Test results show that with micro-channel size decrease, the percentage reduction in viscosity increases and the difference of viscosities in different micro channels reduces with increasing shear rate.
For Non-Newtonian fluids, two corrections are commonly applied to capillary data to obtain the correct viscosity of polymeric fluids.
For different materials, the reduction of viscosity at the same shear rate is various, which shows that the variation of viscosity has relationship with polymer melt category.

It was shown that reduction of carbon and oxygen components from the surface contaminants as well as the existence of a nonstoichiometric SiOx layer on the Si surface contributed to the hydrophilicity of the substrate.
Si2p peak fitting data show that plasma exposure reduces the concentration of Si-O bonds, representing nonstoichiometric (SiOx) in natural silicon oxide on the silicon surface.
Reduction of surface contaminants containing carbon and oxygen components as well as existence of the nonstoichiometric SiOx layer on the top of the Si surface contribute to the hydrophilicity of the substrate.

Appropriate measurements have been given for the test data of the present material.
Table 1 Test S-N data of the present material.
Appropriate measurements have been given for the test data.
Only the test S-N data in MLLR and fatigue limits are used.
Appropriate measurements have been given for the test data.

More generally, the outcome is some combination of energy consumption reduction and improvement of life quality.
Clinch et al. [22] have proven that the rebound effect will, by its nature, diminish over time as the housing stock achieves a higher level of comfort by energy efficiency improvement (see Fig.2), by using time-series data on residential energy consumption in Ireland.
However, the findings regarding the rebound effect in the household energy efficiency of China and its related influence on energy demand and energy security are only perceived without direct data proof.
Hence, in the future, we will collect the relevant data to prove the existence of the high rebound effect with more accurate value.
Liu, “Rebound effect of energy consumption due to technological progress: empirical analysis based on provincial panel data in China,” Resource Science, vol. 30(9), pp. 1300-1306, 2008.

There is still insufficient data from the excavation of smelting furnaces dated to the Joseon Dynasty.
This process would have had the effect of pre-reduction, among others.
Not much data exists as to the production of cast ironware in the Chungju region.
As only analysis data on iron bars exists at this time, further research into intermediary materials is required.
Archaeological and scientific studies into these sites need to continue, and experimental archeology studies carried out based on accumulated research data will able to enhance the general level of research.

A detailed description of the simulation can be found in [15] Figure 3 Physical representations of the robot concepts As representatives for serial robots, a KUKA KR 6 R and a KUKA KR 16 have been chosen due to the wide usage of these systems in the industry and a good availability of necessary technical data.
All simulation data can be found in the appendix of this paper.
To allow for a fair comparison, the driver efficiency has been assumed to be similar for all robot systems and was based on manufacturer data from the motor supplier of the PARAGRIP system.
Based on average German energy prices for industrial consumers in 2015, the achievable reduction would lead to savings between 210 € and 430 € per 10.000 hours of service.
Even if this reduction seems to be rather small for each single IR, their massive appearance in the industrial context bears large opportunities for a rise in eco-efficiency.

The main goal of developing environmentally friendly products is the reduction of the environmental impact of the product.
Tyteca et al [15] indicated that there are three main categories of environmental performance indicator (EPI) namely, physical indicators focusing on material and energy inputs and outputs from production process, business/management indicators focusing on linking physical aspects of environmental performance to information on business performance, and impact indicators relating physical output data such as emission to potential environmental impact like global warming.
This stage could provide a set of appropriate data to identify the fundamental environmental problems and main causes of the problem.
The main goal of this stage is to assess and study the collected data and information in order to identify the main causes and sources of variability.
Lim, Fuzzy FMEA with a guided rules reduction system for prioritization of failures.