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A mechanism of casting skin formation is proposed and supported with experimental and computational data.
For this sample, only one data point exhibits a value lower (or higher in the case of aspect ratio) than region III.
For the CG iron with 0.4 mm skin thickness, approximately 15.5% reduction in TS is observed.
The reduction in skin thickness resulted in improved TS (Fig. 10).
Comparison of experimental data (squares) and model prediction (solid line) at 1.5" metallostatic height [5] Fig. 14.

In this paper, author have carried on many tests about PI film’ DC breakdown and flashover performance in room temperature and liquid nitrogen temperature, and get some useful test data.
From the table 1 and figure 1, we conclude that the data dispersity of PI film’ breakdown strength was lesser, it testified the insulated performance of PI film was stable.
The data dispersity of PI film’ breakdown strength showed increased trend with the temperature reduction, and PI film’ breakdown strength enhanced obviously, the breakdown strength of PI film which thickness is 0.025mm at 78K enhanced about 23.9% than at 300K.
After the third flashover, the value of flashover tended to stable value, and the data dispersity was very well.
Its breakdown strength in room temperature enhanced by a large margin than in the liquid nitrogen temperature, and the data dispersity of breakdown strength increased obviously in room temperature. 2.

Although the measuring method is different, the measuring data is consistent on the comparative conclusion of the three kinds of fuel.
From the perspective of the effect of PM emissions reduction, SME is better than WME.
The emission reduction effect of SME on the mass of PM emission is more obvious on the external characteristic test., and the average value of emission reduction is74% under the three kinds of speed.
With the increase of rotating speed, the reduction effect presents a weakening trend.
The average reduction of soybean oil methyl ester is 70%, while the average reduction of waste cooking oil methyl ester is 57%

Then, the button was cold rolled to 1 mm (89% reduction in thickness).
Fig. 4 shows the rolling reduction dependence of Young's modulus in the rolling direction for (Ti-35Nb)-4Sn plate in reference [5].
The decrease in Young's modulus with rolling (a) (b) reduction was interpreted in terms of [020]α" texture development in the rolling direction.
Data in this study are plotted in the figure at groove rolling reductions of 75, 84 and 91%.
Fig. 4 Rolling reduction dependence of Young's modulus of groove rolled (Ti-35%Nb)-4%Sn in comparison with plate rolled one.

The input data are obtained as a result of irradiations.
The single reconstruction corresponds to a separate radiographic data.
For each cross-section, data of 10201 irradiation lines were taken.
The data of irradiations were simulated by Monte Carlo algorithm (see, e.g. [8,9]).
Data transfer rate is up to 20 Gbps per channel.

The collected data were studied by means of statistical analysis in order to establish the most relevant aspects of the travel time.
Data collection methods for determining TT are diverse and have evolved over time in a spectacular way.
The collection and processing of data Equipment.
Table 1: Data matrix.
Holdener, Travel Time Data Collection Handbook.

Further XRD data analysis revealed that the magnetite has a lattice parameter of 8.38 Å.
The circle symbol represents the XRD data, while the solid line represents the calculated pattern after Rietveld analysis.
SANS data and fitting analysis of the Fe3O4 magnetic fluid Table 1.
Results of the data analysis of the Fe3O4 magnetic fluid, after Rietveld analysis of the XRD data [Fig. 2] and fitting analysis of the SANS data [Fig. 3] Fe3O4 a = b = c [Å] x [nm] ξ [nm] D XRD 8.38 12.7 - - SANS - 7.6 45.3 1.2 Figure 3 shows that the experimental data scattering for all q range is in good agreement with the theoretical model calculation.
The solid line and circles symbol correspond to the theoretical model calculation and experimental data, respectively.

Experimental data on studying structural-phase states developed in the subsurface of TiC/Ni-Cr-Al alloy cermet under condition of superfast heating and cooling produced by pulse electron beam melting have been presented in this paper.
New approach to developing durable metal cutting cermet tools provides for developing extra structural levels in the subsurface of a cermet in the form of submicro- and nano size components, which serve to redistribute elastic stress both due to elastic stress field interaction exerted by structural components of different levels and reduction of plastic strain localization level [3].
It has been shown by the example of TiC-(Ni-Cr) cermet that structural-phase state modification of its binder resulted in multiple reduction of friction coefficient and wear resistance [4].
Also the restructuring of the carbide component to the nanosize level contributes to reduction of friction coefficient to the values minimal for the temperature interval under consideration.
The data in Fig.8b consistently represent the influence of extra structural levels generated in the subsurface of the cermet by electron beam melting on its resistance to diamond tool cutting which is increased for all temperatures with the number of structural levels up to its maximum for nanosize restructuring of the carbide component.

For measured data, however, due to random errors and small inconsistencies in the data, the singular values will not become zero but will become very small.
Gabor transform is also applied as a time-frequency analysis tool to select the appropriate data.
We could effectively eliminate the noise from the measured data by using the proposed method.
It is therefore concluded that the signal-noise separation method presented in this paper can be used to provide more reliable data to other applications that require high quality data.
Shah: Estimation of a signal waveform from noisy data using low-rank approximation to a data matrix, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 41 (1993), p. 1716–1721

It is one of the largest available databases of environmental data.
Data Sources.
Missing data were verified in literature (as specified in following chapters).
We weren’t able to get consistent data usable in our research from foreign producers of fibre flax.
But if we change cargo trucks for cargo trains (based on global average data) for transport of input materials over more than 100 km, we can achieve a small reduction of environmental impacts – see Table 7, column “Improved Transport”.