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Porous Structures Achieved Via Cold Spraying Porous structures are materials characterized as having 'open' or 'closed' pores in a matrix [16,17].
A number of technologies for the fabricating of porous structures are reported in literature.
Titanium porous coatings and aluminium porous metal forms structures were fabricated using powder metallurgy method [22].
At the same time, cold spraying could be a potential alternative technology for the fabrication of porous structures.
Tiemann, Concepts Chemistry - A European Journal, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmBh & Co.

The evidence has been obtained by applying extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis to noble metal adsorption systems in which the effect of surface-localized pH has been isolated and quantified.
Recently, efforts at the molecular characterization of the coordination chemistry of dissolved and adsorbed Pt complexes stemming from chloroplatinic acid have been conducted with techniques such as 195Pt NMR and EXAFS [3-7].
The recent analyses of CPA coordination chemistry are hampered by the fact that the coordination of Pt (IV) is a strong function of chloride concentration as well as pH [7], and the inability to isolate these effects renders our physical interpretation still tentative.

The products were confirmed to be zinc oxide with hexagonal wurtzite structure by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD).
Tetrapod ZnO whisker (T-ZnO) has a shape of unique three-dimensional tetrapod with four whisker-like legs of a single crystal structure.
But most of them displayed an original tetrapod structure.
This model has perfectly explained the observed crystal geometric structure.
[19] Li Shen, Hua Zhang, Shouwu Guo: Materials Chemistry and Physics, Vol.114, 2-3(2009), p580-583

In this paper, the effect of RE-Ti composite modification on the structure and properties of M2 steel was studied.
The size of the wear specimen was Ó6⁄25(mm), and the load was 100N. 1-sample holding part; 2-heating part; 3-wear sample; 4-temperature controlling part; 5-antiwear ring Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of wear test device Fig. 2 Solidification structure (a)without and (b)with modification by addition of RE-Ti Results and Discussion Influences of RE-Ti on the structures of M2 steel The influences of RE-Ti on solidification structures of M2 steel are shown in Fig. 2.
Unmodified structures were continuous network ledeburite and crystal grains were coarse.
Composite modification in RE-Ti can make network eutectic carbides disappear and matrix structures distinctly refine.
B, Vol.19B No.3 (1988), p. 383-395 [13] Du Ting, Han Qiyong, Wang Changzhen: Physical chemistry of rare earth and alkaline elements and their application in materials (Science Press, Beijing 1995, p. 64-70) [14] Stuchlik J.: Giesserei Praxis, Vol.23 No.11 (1984), p. 167-176 [15] Spuzic S, Strafford K N, Subramanian C.: Wear, Vol.176 No.2 (1994), p. 261-271 -4-

Adams*1,4,f 1Department of Petroleum Chemistry, American University of Nigeria, Yola, Nigeria 2Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikwe University, Akwa, Nigeria 3Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal Polytechnic, Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria 4School of Mining, Chemical and Metallurgy Engineering, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa.
It is a natural adsorbent with a net negative charge on the structure grain silicate minerals which gives it a high adsorption ability [14].
Fig. 2: Water filtration set up Sample Testing The following parameters pH, Turbidity and conductivity of water before and after purification were tested using the Chemistry with Vernier Software.
Acknowledgement The authors appreciate the Department of Petroleum Chemistry, American University of Nigeria, Yola, Nigeria for the support given when the study was carried out.
Proceedings of the National Seminar of Chemistry and Chemical Education.

This indicates that Carbon in the surface is in the form of molecules or compound as reported previously [11], and it cannot be interstitial diffused to Fe atom structure.
Murugavel, S.C., Corrosion inhibition studies of mild steel in acid medium using musa acuminata fruit peel extract, E-Journal of Chemistry, 9 (2012), No. 1, pp. 487-495 [6].
Ramasamy, Corrosion inhibition of mild steel in citric acid by aqueous extract of piper nigrum L, E-Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 9 (2012), No. 1, pp. 75-78 [7].
Jamarun and Gunawarman, Corrosion inhibitor of mild steel by polar extract of theobroma cacao peels in hydrochloric acid solution, Asian Journal of Chemistry, 26 (2014) (in print) [12].
Shyamala, A.Arulanantham, Asian Journal of Chemistry, 21(2009), 6102-6110.

Synthesis of Several Micrometer-Size Cu Particles by a Green Wet Reduction Method Jun Ho Hwanga and Jong-Hyun Leeb Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 139-743, Republic of Korea aflzl94@seoultech.ac.kr, bpljh@snut.ac.kr Keywords: Cu particle, micrometer-size, green chemistry, wet reduction, particle size.
Acknowledgement This work was supported by the Materials & Components Technology Development Program (10047681, development of low cost conductive paste capable of fine pattern for touch panel and high conductivity for solar cell using metal composite with core-shell structure prepared by highly productive wet process) funded by the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy (MI, Korea).

The composition, structure and morphology were characterized.
Both the size and the number of dendritic structure were increased as the annealing temperature was rising.
The crystal structure of TiO2/VOx nanofibers was determined by XRD as shown in Fig. 1.
Fig.5 Schematic diagram of the formation dendritic structure of nanofibers.
Chemistry Letter, 2003, 32(4):310-311

This new compound has been found to be related to the low temperature LiCoO2 (LT-LiCoO2) spinel structure formed at low processing temperatures.
From these results, the presence of OH or water at low processing temperatures promotes a favorable formation of this structure.
There are two known structures of LiCoO2: (i) the low temperature cubic-spinel type structure (usually referred as LT-LiCoO2) having crystal structure with F3dm space group; and (ii) the high temperature layered Rm structure (referred as HT- LiCoO2) [1-7].
The peaks observed can be attributed to cubic-spinel (as indexed in Fig. 1) structure from room temperature up to 400 oC.
Yamaguchi, Chemistry of Materials Journal, ACS Publications Vol. 25 (2013), p. 1483

In the process of deformation, structure and properties of the material will change.
The consistency of vacancies can be reduced, and the hardness of the microstructure distribute uniformly by tempering, which reduces the internal stress of materials, the dislocation density as shown in figure 2, and played a role in mitigating the structure weaken and damage of the material.
Jónsson, in: Theoretical Methods in Condencsed Phase Chemistry, edited by S.D.
Schwartz, volume 5 of Progress in Theoretical Chemistry and Physics, chapter, 10, Kluwer Academic Publishers (2000)