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A mechanism of casting skin formation is proposed and supported with experimental and computational data.
For this sample, only one data point exhibits a value lower (or higher in the case of aspect ratio) than region III.
For the CG iron with 0.4 mm skin thickness, approximately 15.5% reduction in TS is observed.
The reduction in skin thickness resulted in improved TS (Fig. 10).
Comparison of experimental data (squares) and model prediction (solid line) at 1.5" metallostatic height [5] Fig. 14.

Data mining, such as "in 1979, the founder of American scientists in Fuzzy set L.A.Z adhe busbar is put forward for the first time in the world and discusses the problem of Fuzzy information granulation, information graining got the attention of people more and more" Hbobs in 1985, puts forward the concept of particle size (Grnaularity), and the formula of the predicate defines the indistinguishable relationship "L.A.Z soon during 1996 to 1997 for the first time put forward the concept of granular computing.
techniques and tools of research, he points out, granular computing is a superset of the theory of fuzzy information granule, and the rough set theory and interval is a subset of the set of grain of mathematical calculation, Zadeh work aroused the interest of the academic research on granular computing, Y.Y.Y ao and his collaborators on granular computing conducted a series of research and apply it to areas such as data mining, the main points of the work is in a decision logic language to describe the collection of granule, established between the concept of the IF a relationship THEN contact size set inclusion relationship between, and put forward the use made of the partitions, agree to solve classification problems, "the study provides some new methods for knowledge mining and Angle" So-called information granule (GI) is actually a human in order to solve the problem of limited ability to process and store information on a reflection, also is the human in solving and dealing with a
In practice, fuzzy information granulation can be seen as human expression of reasoning using data table of a method, in particular in an imprecise and part of the true value of one way to make reasonable decisions in the environment "and the fuzzy information of graining more theoretical and practical significance, because it reflects the human graining and the characteristics of processing information," humans have in inaccuracy!!!
A decision attribute the raw data has n decision rule, which constitutes the knowledge base of decision attributes and condition attributes K = (U, R), originally generated n equivalence class, granularity of GD (R) is the largest, contain all the original information of decision rules, can distinguish the worst.
The granulating mechanism of complex data and data modeling [D].

As a result of the study, the algorithm of making decision on the choice of optimal technology for the development of man-made deposits based on graphical data was developed, taking into account the type of minerals to be extracted, depending on the structure of the deposit and the specific features of its formation.
Therefore we formulate the basic requirements for the development of man-made deposits: · increase in the efficiency of minerals extraction; · reduction of the negative environmental impact on the region; · land reclamation after industrial activity.
The empirical data, obtained in the research, need to be grouped by certain features, and the connections between them need to be identified, that is, it is necessary to find a way to systematize them.
It allows us to combine multiple data into a certain number of groups and show connections between them.
The primary requirements to the development of man-made deposits have been formed: increasing the efficiency of minerals extraction; reduction of negative ecological influence on the region and land reclamation after industrial activity. 3.

Emissions standards cannot fully meet the needs of pollution discharge ongoing management, for most of our discharge standard are provisions of annul data .
The functions and positioning of the discharge permit system in environmental management system The statistical data of 2012 "China's state of the Environment Bulletin" shows that 90% of SO2 and more than 70% of nitrogen oxide come from industrial stationary source, so the key of air pollution control is to solve the problem of atmospheric fixed source pollution.
Viewing subjectively, under the guidelines of scientific development perspective, it needs pollutant discharging Permit System to form an energy saving and emission reduction, environmentally friendly society.
Conclusion China’s current pollution sources monitoring method, pollutants detection method, provisions of the monitoring data processing and  emission standards are separated, but the discharge permit system can act as a link bridge between them[12].
The design and implement of fixed source of atmospheric pollutants emission monitoring scheme are incomplete, and non-standard data processing lacks strict rules, which results in unscientific and unreliable testing results[13].

Microstructure evolution in alpha-beta Ti-64 alloy samples with lamellar structure deformed to a height reduction of 70% at temperatures between 450 and 800°C has been investigated.
According to the data of different authors [2-8] such intraphase bounaries may be twinned, low angle and high angle boundaries created during the previous history of working.
According to the data available [5,6,8] the formation of high angle boundaries is responsible for the transformation of interphase boundaries from coherent or semi-coherent to noncoherent thus initiating splitting and spheriodization of a lamellae.
At the same time, as data of a number of investigations [10] show, a spectrum of boundaries having different misorientations can be formed with plastic deformation.
Initially, cylindrical samples (∅10mm×15mm) were subjected to uniaxial compression to a height reduction of 70% at an initial strain rate 10 -3s-1.

The research of hydraulic system anti-vibration and noise reduction Zhiyong He 1,2,a , Qinghua He 2,b ,Shanghong He1,c 1College of Automobile and Mechanism Engineering,Changsha University of Science and Technology,Changsha 410076,China 2College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Central South University, Changsha 410083,China aemail, hezhiyong73@sina.com, bemail, romberg@sina.com, cemail, hshong@sina.com, Keywords: Pump circuit; pressure pulsations restraint; differential equation of vibration; coupling vibration; experimental research Abstract.
The experiment data in table 1 shows that pressure pulsation ratio dropped from 3.32% to 0.67%.
Table 1 Experimental results: Test data and calculated value Pump speed n=1316 rpm Pump speed n=1437 rpm Index P1(MPa) Before filter P2(MPa) After filter P1(MPa) Before filter P2(MPa) After filter Max pressure 8.912 8.818 9.103 8.993 Min pressure 8.620 8.787 8.776 8.968 Average pressure 8.774 8.808 8.952 8.985 pressure pulsation ratio 3.32% 0.67% 3.65% 0.28% The experiment result in fig.4 shows that, when pump rotation speed is 1437rpm, the theoretical fundament frequency of pump pressure pulsation is 215.55 Hz, the noise and vibration frequency for pump eccentricity and unbalanced revolver is 23.95 Hz, as well as the measured valve respective is 216.3Hz and 23.75Hz which is consistent with theoretical valve.
The experiment data in table 1 shows that pressure pulsation ratio dropped from 3.65% to 0.28% which achieves a good filtering effect.

In addition to cutting force reduction, it also experiences a heavy feed force vibrations.
From Fig. 2, the percentage of force reduction is high at 50 m/min (49.73%) when compared to 75 m/min (23.69%).
At cutting speed above 75 m/min, the cutting force reduction is found to be small and about of 11%.
Based on the results in Fig 4, the percentage reduction of force values are found high at 1750 W of power.
Though the cutting force reduction values of Fx at 60° are found to be 2.2 %, we still go for the 60° angle.

Most significantly was the reduction of pitting resistance potential with increase in exposure time. 1.
The software was also used to analyze the experimental data.
This protective biofilm blocks further chloride action on the metal surface hence reduction on corrosion rate.

Our data for the electron emission rate (en) are plotted on the log-linear scale against F 2 in Fig. 6.
Field-dependence of the emission rate data for Os2 level at different temperature.
The high field data show a F 2 dependence characteristic of the phonon-assisted tunneling effect, while the low-field data (inset) show a F ½ fit typical for the Poole-Frenkel mechanism.
These data are plotted in Fig 5 showing a linear variation of τ2 with reciprocal temperature as expected from Eq
Theoretical analysis of these data shows that while Poole-Frenkel barrier lowering describes the field enhancement well at lower field, the higher field data are better described by the phonon-assisted tunneling model.

As known, GQDs possess distinctive optical properties, allowing the observation of GQDs structures through UV-Vis spectrum data.
Further analysis of optical data using the Tauc plot method (eV vs αhν2 [25]) yielded GQDs' band gap values of 5.45-5.5 eV [2].
Monitoring these shifts provides valuable data on the size distribution of GQDs within a sample.
Additionally, HRTEM verifies lattice parameters of the carbon hexagonal plane (11 0 0), aligning with XRD data.
Bibliometric analysis of GQDs for biomedicine applications (data sources: ww.scopus.com with the keywords GQDs for biomedicine in range between 2013 to 2024, February 19th, 2024).