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American Society Of Civil Engineers (2006)
American Society Of Civil Engineers(2007)
World Earthquake Engineering. 2009(01): 1-5
Engineering Mechanics. 2010(S1): 270-274
WORLD　EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING. 2009(02): 18-23

A Hysteretic Model of Conventional Steel Braces and an Analysis of the Collapse Prevention Effect of Brace Strengthening Shengnan Huang 1,a, Xinzheng Lu 2,b, Lieping Ye 2,c 1Civil and Environmental Engineering Institute, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing, China, 100083 2Department of Civil Engineering, Key Laboratory of Civil Engineering Safety and Durability of China Education Ministry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 100084 ahuangcn03@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn, bluxz@tsinghua.edu.cn, cylp@tsinghua.edu.cn Keywords: brace; hysteretic model, Wenchuan Earthquake; collapse probability; strengthening.
Hence, more attention has been paid by the civil engineers to the earthquake-induced collapse resistance of buildings after the Wenchuan Earthquake.
Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 2003, 129(5): 548-557
Journal of Structural Engineering, 1986, 112(4): 764-780
Engineering Structures, 2005, 27: 977-989

Effect of Oil Contamination on Particle Size Distribution and Plasticity Characteristics of Lateritic Soil Thomas Stephen Ijimdiya Department of Civil Engineering, A.B.U.
Nwaiwu, Evaluation of compacted lateritic soils as hydraulic barriers in municipal solid waste containment systems, Ph.D (Civil Engineering), Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria, 2004
For Africa on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering.
[17] BS 1377, Methods of testing soil for civil engineering purposes, British Standards Institute, London, 1990
Nigerian Society of Engineers, Technical Transactions.

Seismic Vulnerability of Historical Structures:Damage State of the Abruzzo (Italy) Churches in the Sequence of the April 2009 Earthquake SILVA B 1, a, COSTA C Q 2,b, DA PORTO F 3,c, VALLUZZI M R 4,d and MODENA C 5,e 1,3,5 Department of Construction and Transportation Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy 4 Department of Architecture, Planning and Survey, University of Padova, Padova, Italy a silva@dic.unipd.it, bcatarina.costa@fe.up.pt, cdaporto@dic.unipd.it, dvalluzzi@dic.unipd.it e modena@dic.unipd.it Abstract Each earthquake represents a particular moment in the history of the affected region.
According to the data available by the Italian Civil Protection (Italian Civil Protection 2010), until 25th of October 2009, 1677 historical buildings were surveyed, from which 973 were churches, 649 were palaces and the remaining 55 correspond to other typologies of historical buildings, such as towers, fountains, etc… This paper will focus on the particular case of churches.
The UNIPD workgroup collaborated on the survey of 241 churches which corresponds to approximately 25.0% of all the surveyed churches, (Italian Civil Protection 2010).
Available: http://portale.ingv.it/portale_ingv/ [2] (2010) The Italian Civil Protection website.

The calculation and judgment of critical connections of the outer-shell connections Cao Xinli1, a, Tao Zhong2, b ,Cai Haoming3, c 1,2College of Architectural Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China a769947021@qq.com,btsy0410km@126.com Keywords: steel outer-shell connection Load calculation Engineering Instance Abstract Under seismic action, it is easy for the traditional steel nodes to produce a greater degree of brittle failure.
Engineering Instance.
[6] Frye，J.M and Morris, Analysis of flexibly connected steel frames, Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, National Research Council of Canada,Ottawa,Canada,1975,2 280-291

Soil Mechanics, as one of the most important basic courses in civil engineering, hydraulic engineering and other courses, mainly analyzes the questions of deformation and stability of the soli body.
The sixth chapter is about soil pressure of retaining wall, and its calculation in engineering is explained in detail.
In engineering, according to the stress analysis and stress calculation to the investigative target, the value in critical state is gotten.
This value, multiplied or divided by a safety coefficient which is determined by experience, serves as the basis of engineering design.
This is the common method in engineering design.

Awchat1,a* 1Department of Civil Engineering, Shri Guru Gobind Singhji Institute of Engineering & Technology, Nanded 431606, Maharashtra, India agdawchat@sggs.ac.in Keywords: Compressive Strength, Steel fibres, Styrene-Butadiene Rubber Latex, Recycled Aggregate Concrete, Stress-strain behaviour, Peak stress, Co-matrix bond.
Conference on Elect. and Civil Engg, (2011) 2215-2218
[13] Bhikshma V, Jagannandha Rao, Balaji B., An Experimental Study on Behaviour of Polymer Cement Concrete, Asian J. of Civil Engineering (Building and Housing), 11 (2010) 563-373
J. of Civil and Structural Engg, 1 (2011) 732-740
Practices in the Twenty-First Century, Institution of Engineers (India),Roorkee, (1996) 964-973

Analysis of Seismic Dynamic Response of Tunnel in Karst Areas Linjie Chen1,2, a, Bo Liang2,b and Zhiyong Wang3,c 1Key Laboratory of Bridge-Structure Engineering Ministry of Communications, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China 2School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China 3China Railway Eryuan Engineering Group Co.Ltd, Chongqing ,400023, China aclj625@126.com, bliang_laoshi@126.com, c125825564@qq.com Keywords: Karst Areas, Seismic Dynamic Response, Viscous-spring Boundary,Tunnel Engineering, High-intensity Earthquake.
Dynamic Response Analysis Engineering Specifications.
Chen, Z.M.Li: Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering.
Du and Q.S.Yan: Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering Vol. 27 (2007), p. 38, In Chinese
Du: Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering Vol. 28 (2006), p. 1070, In Chinese.

Introduction During the construction and service periods of large civil projects, the interaction between structural body and foundation/geological body has been a fundamental topic in stability researches in the fields of civil engineering and geotechnical engineering, and its stability is the comprehensive results from their interaction[1].
Engineering, 1985, 111(6): 793-815
Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 1994, 16(3): 14-22.
China Civil Engineering Journal, 2000, 33(4): 42-46.
Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2001, 23(4): 431-435.

Effect of Pier Vertical Deformations on Deflections of Main Girders for High Pier and Long-Span Continuous Rigid-Frame Bridges Jinsheng Du1,a, Haibin Liu1,b 1School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiao Tong University, Beijing, 100044, China ajshdu@bjtu.edu.cn, b08121626@bjtu.edu.cn Keywords: Prestressed Concrete Bridge, Pier, Shrinkage and Creep, Deflection, Girder.
Vertical Deformations of Piers Jinghe Bridge is constructed by the balanced cantilever method.Finite element method is adopted to predict the vertical deformations of piers at construction stages as well as servicing stages.Using the commercial software Midas Civil, the bridge is modeled by beam elements with six degrees of freedom.The main girders of the bridge are divided into 294 beam elements and the piers are divided into 174 beam elements.Time-dependent properties of concrete are defined in accordance with the Chinese Bridge Specifications JTG D62-2004 [4].Finite element model [5] of Jinghe Bridge is shown in Fig. 2.
Robertson: Engineering Structures Vol. 27 (2005), p. 1820-1827 [3] J.
Tan: Closure schemes of multi-span continuous rigid frame bridges, Proceedings of International Conference on Mechanic Automation and Control Engineering, Wuhan, China , June 26-28, 2010, pp. 780-783