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According to controlling geological factors of the distribution of Karst development and the concrete features of project regions disasters ,the study chose six first-class indexes to establish the risk evaluation index system[3,4], namely:formation and lithology U1(C1～C2)，geologic structure U2(C3～C4)，terrain and landform U3(C5～C7)，surface water system U4(C8～C9)，Groundwater system U5(C10～C12)，Karst development depth and tunnel design U6(C13～C14).At the same time, in terms of the investigation and studying materials, the Level 1 factor is subdivided and chose fourteen influential factors as the Level 2 discriminant index of Karst bursting water disaster risk, that is C1～C14.The specific indexes are as following: (l) The aspect of formation and lithology (U1).
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the Cultivation Fund of the Key Scientific and Technical Innovation Project, Ministry of Education of China (No.708010) and the National Natural Science Foundation (NSFC) of China (No.41072256).
Journal of the China Railway Society,2001,23(6):85-88.
Journal of the China Railway Society, 2007,29（4）：131-134.

Therefore, one should pay attention to the heat resistance of material when designing this part.
The temperature of point 13 that on the body is 80.2°C, in other places the temperature is lower than 100°C, and this is lower than material deformation temperature (120°C).
Acknowledgement The study is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of P.
[2] Wagner Andrej, Bucar Tomaz and Fajdiga Matija: Strojniski Vestnik/Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 52 (2006), p. 52
Heath: International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, Vol.26, Issue 5(2005), p. 709.

Experimental aspects Material.
This material was obtained from Plansee Metallwerke AG, Austria, and produced by a powder metallurgical (PM) processing route.
Kofstad: High Temperature Corrosion, (Elsevier Applied Science, London, U.K., 1988), p. 116 [21] Y.P.
Stroosnijder: Journal de Physique IV, Vol. 12 (2002), p. 207 [26] K.
Rea: Journal of the Less-Common Metals Vol. 1 (1959), p. 152

Table 1 Comparison of different dioxin analysis method Method HRGC/MS DR-CALUX® Procept® ELISA Type Chemical assay Bioassay Bioassay Bioassay Time Over 14 days 5 to 7 days 3 to 5 days 3 to 5 days Substrate All kinds of samples All kinds of samples Soil and sediments Soil and sediments Advantage High accuracy Congener applicable Widely applicable Good correlation with chemical method Low setup costs Large amounts samples available Low setup costs Simple Operation Drawback High analysis cost Long analysis time Expensive instrument Not measurable for congener Cell technology needed High patent fees Not measurable for congener Expensive kit Not measurable for congener Low sensitivity Materials and Method Sampling Method.
Phillips, “Estimates of the Half‐Life of 2,3,7,8‐Tetrachlorodibenzo‐P‐Dioxin in Vietnam Veterans of Operation Ranch Hand”, Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, vol. 27, 1989, pp. 165-71
[5] Stephen H Safe, “Development Validation and Problems with the Toxic Equivalency Factor Approach for Risk Assessment of Dioxins and Related Compounds”, Journal of animal science, vol. 76, 1998, pp. 134-41

This technique is also able to characterize the mechanical behavior of materials using a greatly reduced volume of material.
Williams: International Materials Reviews, 52 (2007) 213 4.
Viswanathan: Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology, 116 (1994) 457 6.
Satpati and S.N.Ojha: Materials Science – Poland, 28 (2010) 335 7.
Husain: Materials Letters, 58 (2004) 2569 9.

There were else taken two piece of fragments, there was a visible boundary on it, indicating that it had two materials; individually drilling on two materials to take two iron chipings to test chemical compositions of the two materials; with metallographic grinding wheel cutting machine along the longitudinal direction, some specimens were cut with both section parallel, the specimen thickness of 10 mm circumferential and radial height of 78 mm, after flat finishing, from the roll surface at the radial was its Rockwell hardness measured on the section; then having hot acid etched to take a macroscopic test; on macroscopic specimen there was a visible light interface which divided the specimen into two layer materials, from the roll surface to the interface of the outer material, thickness of about 52mm, with A, B respectively indicating said the outer layer near the roll surface zone and interface zone; below interface the inner layer material C zone(see Figure 2); the metallographic polished
Fig.3 Smooth rupture zone Fig.4 Smooth sector Figure 5 circumferential crack on the roll cross section on the roll boundary layer in the back-up roll barrel Chemical Composition.The chemical composition test results of outer and inner materials of the roll barrel fragments and the chemical compositions described in the material category of "high chrome centrifugal compound Ⅱ" and "pearlitic spheroidal graphite Ⅰ" of the China National Standard GB / T 1504-2008 "Cast Iron Roll" were shown in Table 1.
The high Cr content of inner material might be due to the chromium diffusion of outer layer material.
References [1] WU Guosheng, Journal of Wuhan Engineering Institute, Vo1.14(1), 2002 , p18-22
[2] Wen Tiezheng, Introduction to metallurgical roll technology features, Hebei Science and Technology Press, January 1995.

Introduction The single crystal silicon is used as materials of the infrared lenses because the silicon has high transmissivity and refractive index to the wavelength of an infrared domain.
It has been reported in the study on machining the single crystal silicon materials with the single diamond cutting tools having large nose radius that the conditions of ductile-brittle transition could be evaluated from the cracks caused by the indentation tests [6].
Materials Science and Engneering A. 479, 1-2 (2008) 373-379 [2] W.K.
Journal of the International Societies for Precision Engineering. 29, 3 (2005) 315-323 [3] J.
Japan Society for Precision Engineering. 62, 11 (1996) 1632-1637 (in Japanese) [7] Information on http://www.allied-material.co.jp/products/diamond/cutting/upc2/ [8] Y.

The non-linear elastic-plastic theory considering the materials performance was the main task of the third stage of the study.
They are caused by the process of the material’s smelting, manufacture and operation.
For instance, this kind of failure happens when the large thin-walled pressure vessels which is not full of materials or has no materials in under the action of non-uniform vertical and horizontal loads.
In the 1990s , after studying the elastic-plastic fracture analysis method and the theory of J integration, State Science and Technology Commission (SSTCC) published the SAPV-1995 which is mainly based on the J integration theory.
Townleya: International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping (1975), Volume 3, Issue 2, pp. 77-107

Interface Reaction between Directional Solidified Superalloy DZ40M and Ceramic Mould Lili Wang a, Jiansheng Yaob *, Guohong Guc, Xin Lid, Shuxin Niue and Zengli Wangf Science and Technology on Advanced High Temperature Structural materials Laboratory, Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials, Beijing 100095, China alwanglili201301@sina.cn, bjiansheng.yao@hotmail.com, cguguohong1966@163.com, dlxin_86@163.com, eanndy001@163.com, fainideniu@sina.com Keywords: Cobalt base superalloy DZ40M; SiO2-base ceramic core; Al2O3-base ceramic shell; Interface Reaction Abstract.
The compositions of raw materials for core and shell were shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Chemical compositions of raw materials for ceramic core and shell (mass fraction %).
Fergus, Reactions between constituents of two molten nickel-base superalloys and ceramic materials, Proc.
Passerone, Wetting and interactions of Ni- and Co based superalloys with different ceramic materials, J.

Thin material applications.
Welding of aerospace material.
§ Welding of aerospace material.
Craig : Hybrid position/force control of manipulators, ASME Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control, Vol. 102(6), p.126-133, 1981 [4] O.
Materials Science Forum, Vol. 587-588, p.961-965, 2008 [7] H.