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Air jet technology has enabled a further reduction of liquor ratio for some fibre types to 3-4.5:1.
The work provides information to enable reduction of energy consumption in batch jet dyeing of textiles.
Results and Discussion Energy in colouration Table 1 contains the energy data for the dyeing and drying steps of colouration when the dyeing process is carried out at a constant liquor ratio of 10:1.
Further energy reductions by reducing liquor ratio are not available to the dyer due to dyeing kinetics and fabric water absorption rates however energy recovery from effluent can provide further energy saving benefits.
A reduction of dyeing liquor ratio will reduce the total colouration energy required for all fibre types.

Implementation of this International Standard is intended to lead to reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and other related environmental impacts and energy cost through systematic management of energy [4].
The benefits may be split in to a few categories such as cost saving [18-20]; integrated audits [19]; cultural change [19], holistic view [19], better employee morale [20-21]; enhanced reputation [19-21], minimization of documents and records, and reduction of paperwork [18], reduced reworks and scraps activities [6], reduction of the environmental risk[6], the reduction of health and safety risk [6 ], less waste[21] , lower energy costs [21], improved customer satisfaction [20], better resources utilization[ 19] and less bureaucracy[18].
Though in 1990s, the certification bodies were not promoting IMS, mainly due to business reason, yet, IMS does result in reduction of the auditing fee due to the commonalities of the requirement [21].
Casadesus, Difficulties and benefits of integrated management systems, Industrial Management and Data Systems. 112, 5, 828-846

In addition, it should be emphasize that the further reduction of Ti3+ to Ti2+ is assumed to make an appreciable contribution to the lithium storage capacity in the potential range of 0.5 to 1V.
(b) Variation of electrode resistance at various frequencies from impedance data as a function of electrode potential.
It is important to recognize that under cathodic polarization a range of valve metal oxides show significant cation in-diffusion, combined with reduction of the oxide.
The gradual reduction of charge transfer resistance during the process of discharging can be ascribed to the reduction of Ti4+ to Ti3+ or Ti2+ accompanied by Li+ intercalation within the TiO2 nanotubes results in the reduction of mobility gap that, in turn, decrease the electrical resistance.

It was observed that calcium aluminate cements showed the greatest effect in the reduction of efflorescence.
PMSA, on the degree of reaction and reduction of efflorescence in fly ash based geopolymer.
It will affect the quantitative viscosity and density data of liquid mixtures as they play a key role on the effectiveness chemical process and the molecular existing in mixture process [7].
Reduction of the solubility of silicate and aluminate contributes in extending the formation of alumino-silicate gel.
Introduction of elevated temperature curing at 90°C had developed higher degree of reaction and greatest reduction in efflorescence extent.

An estimated global research and development investment of nearly $9 billion per year is anticipated to lead to new medical treatments and tools; more efficient energy production, storage and transmission; better access to clean water; more effective pollution reduction and prevention; and stronger, lighter materials.
Integrated nanosensors are used for collecting, processing and communicating massive amounts of data with minimal size, weight, and power consumption Magnetic random access memory (MRAM) enabled by nanometer‐scale magnetic tunnel junctions that can quickly and effectively save even encrypted data during a system shutdown or crash, enable resume‐play features, and gather vehicle accident data [6].
Nanosciene can contribute to the further reduction of combustion engine pollutants by nanoporous filters, which can clean the exhaust mechanically, by catalytic converters based on nanoscale noble metal particles or by catalytic coatings on cylinder walls and catalytic nanoparticles as additive for fuels.
A reduction of energy consumption can be reached by better insulation systems, by the use of more efficient lighting or combustion systems, and by use of lighter and stronger materials in the transportation sector.
Nanotechnological approaches like LEDs (Light-emitting diodes) or QCAs (Quantum Caged Atoms) could lead to a strong reduction of energy consumption for illumination [1-2]. 2.4.

The iWAYS technology will provide a reduction in the freshwater consumption greater that the 30% in each industrial case; with regards to the energy recovery, iWAYS will recover 6 GWh/y in the ceramic sector, more than 5 GWh/y in the chemical scenario and approximately 1 GWh/y in the steel sector.
The recovery and reutilization of substantial amount of heat through steam condensation by means of an heat pipe condensing economizer (HPCE) result in significant reduction of thermal energy required by the process lines.
The potential of these technologies will be addressed to prioritize environmental and economic advantages, reaches a high-quality effluent such as to allow the reuse in the production cycle of the industry and to minimize the production of waste. 3.3 Decision support system based on real time monitoring system The iWAYS project will develop a flexible process monitoring, control and optimization dashboard supporting an end-to-end process of data collection, harmonization, processing and visualization for evidence-based decision making.
The data acquired by the monitoring system will be used to predict the behaviour of the iWAYS system enabling the suggestion of optimal strategies to reuse/recycle water.
The platform that will be built will enhance to monitor, manage and maintain connected machines and devices in real time and anywhere and to automate the collection and analysis of data, facilitating a greater understanding of each of the processes, together and separately.

Firstly, the feasibility of this solution would be proved by the data based on the research of China’s urban railway transportation systems.
The advantage of the scheme is that: it has a simple structure, and can recyclable energy, and according to the concept of “energy-saving emission reduction”.
The advantage of the scheme is that: it has a simple structure, small volume, economical and practical, and no pollution, conform to the “energy-saving emission reduction” concept.
But with the rapid development of the city, people begin to promote the concept of “energy-saving emission reduction”, and the technology of energy recovering has gradually become the research keys.

Carry select adder is high speed final stage adder widely used in many data processing units.
It gives great advantage in reduction of area [2].
Faster column compression technique is applied for partial product array reduction.
An area reduction of nearly 40% is attained.

The developed chip serration model is in good accord with the experimental data, demonstrating that the empirical model could be used for further chip morphology and chatter analyses.
Such strategies include reduction of spindle speed and feed rate to stay within the stability zones [3], magnetostrictive actuator equipped tool with PID controller [4], and active chatter control techniques using online sensors and actuators to stay within the machining stability lobes [5] etc.
The data acquisition system consisted of an accelerometer (Kistler 50g), for vibration data acquisition; a Dewetron module, for signal conditioning; and a National Instruments DAQ card (model: PCI-6023E), for interfacing with the Dell workstation.
A small CCD model, consisting of 3 factors and 5 levels, was developed in RSM using DOE software to model chip serration frequency from empirical data.
Ganguli, Chatter Reduction Through Active Vibration Damping, Doctoral Thesis, Universite Libre De Bruxelles, Belgium, (2005)

The evaluation result provides the basis data for the decision maker to establish the carbon emission reduction policy by analyzing the I/O performance of the total casting process.
According to the data base of Simpro7.1 and the investigate data, the energy consumption of exploiting, transporting and processing raw sand are shown in Table. 2.
According to the statistical data of 2004 International Energy Council, if the solar energy is used to alternative the coke, the carbon emission would be reduced by 98%.
The results show that the new energy for the realization of energy saving and emission reduction is of great significance, and development of new energy and applications will be one of the most important research areas of low carbon manufacturing.
This research is designed to achieve low-carbon casting exploratory study, because most of the data from the statistical data, literature, software and on-site which lacks of uniform standards and values ​​range, and the actual energy consumption of casting process is closely related to technological level of production, how to get reliable data basis for the calculation and carbon emission corresponding with realistic production system will be the focus of follow-up study.