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Introduction Fluidization is a process where a granular material is converted from a static solid-like state to a dynamic fluid-like state by passing up fluid through the granular material.
While high tangential velocity may lead to faster rate of material processing due to intense swirling, low pressure drop is important to ensure minimal power consumption.
Martin, “Experimental studies on a swirling fluidized bed with annular distributor” Journal of Applied Sciences. 11 (2011) 1980-1986.

., Taian 150001, China 2 Department of Applied Chemistry, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China 3 Department of Material Science and Engineering Chemistry, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China 4 Zhaoyuan Jinbao Electronic Co., Ltd, Zhaoyuan 265400, China a,c snail006@sina.com, bmzan@hit.edu.cn, d Huxuri@yahoo.cn Key words: Electrolyte copper foil; Nano-electroplating; Zn-Sn-Ni ternary alloy; Corrosion resistant; Electrodeposition behavior Abstract.
Introduction As an important kind of dominant industrial material for PCB, electrolyte copper foil is well anticipated in the market of electronic industry.
Experimental Material and Method The electrolyte solution contained the following major components: (K4P2O7·3H2O), ZnSO4·7H2O, SnSO4, NiSO4·6H2O, and pH value was adjusted by KOH.
Pushpavanam: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy Vol. 27 (2002), p. 627 [4] Elkhatabi, F, M.

The whole system was insulated with thermal insulation materials.
(2) According to the relation of heat transfer between internal tube and outer tube (cooling jacket), we can get (6) Where hi is heat transfer coefficient between gas-liquid flow and the internal side of tube, ho is heat transfer coefficient between cooling water and the outside of tube, λ is heat conductivity of tube material. di, do are internal and outside diameters of tube respectively.
transfer area, m2 d Inside pipe diameter, m m mass flow rate, m3/s t Temperature, ℃ DR Drag reduction, % DRA Drag reducing agent HTR Heat transfer reduction, % St Stanton Number, dimensionless PAM Polyacrylamide ppm Parts per million Re Reynolds number, dimensionless f Friction factor Nu Nusselt Number, dimensionless Pr Prandtl number, dimensionless USG Superficial gas velocity, m/s USL Superficial liquid velocity, m/s Δtm Logarithmic mean temperature difference Φ Heat flux, W K Overall coefficient of heat transfer, W/(m2•K) h Heat transfer coefficient, W/(m2•K) Rth Thermal resistance, (m2•K)/ W g Acceleration of gravity, m/s2 Greek symbols Δp Frictional pressure drop, Pa ρ Density, kg/m3 m Fluid viscosity, Pa•s λ Heat conductivity of internal tube, W/(m•K) Subscripts i Internal side of tube o Outside of tube (on the side of cooling water) DR With drag reduction agent References [1] Virk P S, “Drag reduction fundamentals,” AIChE Journal
“Experimental Heat transfer of drag-reducing polymer solutions in enhanced surface heat exchangers,” Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, vol. 10, pp. 221-228, February 1995.

Since in our material the influence of the dislocation network was much stronger - R was reduced by 4 orders of magnitude - we believe that this effect is related to enhancement of both, the electron concentration and the electron mobility.
Mil'shtein, Journal de Physique, No. 6, Tome 40, C6-207 (1979)
Kittler et al., Materials Science and Engineering C 26, 902 (2006)

Qiu Instrument Science and Engineering Department, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China Keywords: MEMS Gyroscope, DETF, Resonator, Frequency Shift, Frequency Modulation Abstract.
In the case, dω = rω , r m m QA x 2 ω = , (5) where r Q ξ = 2 1 is quality factor of the DETF driving mode. r r fπ=ω 2 ( fr is the natural frequency in DETF driving mode) is determined mainly by structural material properties and geometry parameter.
The natural frequency of a drive mode can be given by the expression [5] ( )b r m.mL WED f 37501 12 7 3 +       π = , (6) where D, L, W is, respectively, the thickness, length and width of the beam, E is the Young's modulus of the material of the device, m is the mass of perch attached to the center of the beam and mb is the mass of the tines.
Note that S is only dependent on material and geometrical parameters.
Howe: Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, Vol. 11, 2002

High frequency C-V and G-V characterizations can only obtain the density of fast interface states in a narrow (about 0.5eV) energy window near the Fermi level due to the wide band gap of silicon carbide material (3.26eV for 4H-SiC).
Wright: IEEE Sensors Journal, Vol. 7 (2007) p. 1395 [3] H.
Wright: Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, Vol. 9 (2006) p. 1133 [8] S.

As The influences of initial pH of solution, concentration of hydrogen peroxide and injection time of hydrogen peroxide to degrade organic materials have been investigated in the reaction system.
The ozone reactor was made of pyrex material with the capacity of 1000 ml and the connecting part was made of silicon tube so as to prevent from corrosion.
R. (2000) “Characterization of humic acid in the chemical oxidation technology (II) – characteristics by ozonation”, Analytical Science & Technology, 13(2), 241-249 [3] Santos E.
M. (1997) “Carboxylic acids : Formation and removal in full-scale plants”, Journal AWWA, 89(8), 88-97 [7] Nakamuro K., Ueno H., Kakao M., Sayato Y. (1990) “Formation of hydrogen peroxide by aqueous ozonation of humic acid and aromatic hydrocarbons”, Chemosphere, 20(5), 525-531 [8] Staeheiln J., Hoigne J. (1982) “Decomposition of ozone in water : rate of initiation by hydroxide ion and hydrogen peroxide”, Environ.

It covers different digester designs and materials used for construction, important operating parameters such as ph, temperature, substrate, loading rate, applications of the biogas, the government policies concerning the use of household digesters, and the social and environmental effects of the digesters.
Health centre 20 11 220 10 2200 Agaanbadi 3 11 33 6 198 Temple 2 11 22 6 132 Street Light 50 11 550 12 6600 2 Fans In Homes 50 40 2000 10 20000 School 10 40 400 8 3200 TV Room 2 40 80 6 480 Health Centre 10 40 400 10 4000 Agaanbadi 2 40 80 6 480 3 Computer & Accessories School 2 300 600 2 1200 Health centre 2 300 600 4 2400 4 TV TV Room 2 60 120 4 480 5 Cooler Health centre 2 200 400 2 800 Total power required (PL) / connected load = 7298 W Total daily load required (PTL) / total watt hours required = 52,422 Whr/ day Type of load : 230 V AC 50 Hz single phase; PPV = [3] (PPV) = 11233.285 Watt or 12000 Watt or 12 kW Design of biogas plant Biogas is gaseous mixture of methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphids and several other gases, produced by anaerobic fermentation of organic material
Singh, “Optimal Design of a Cost Effective Solar Home power System - An Alternative Solution to DG for Grid deprived Rural India”, International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences, Volume 2, Page(s): 1 – 7, January 2010

Anacleto2,b 1 Faculty, College of Engineering, Mindanao State University, Marawi City, 9700, Philippines 2 Faculty, Material Science Engineering Technology Department, MSU-IIT, Iligan City, Philippines aerlyape@yahoo.com, bnatzanacleto@hotmail.com Keywords: Carbothermic; Chromite; Reduction; isothermal.
Materials and Methods Two chromite samples, sandy chromite from Opol, Misamis Oriental (SCO) and lumpy chromite ores from Manticao, Misamis Oriental (LCM) were used in the study with activated carbon as reductant.
Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy 91 (1991) 397-409.

The material of diffuser is PMMA which refractive index=1.49, the refractive index of air=1.00,the critical angle (42.2°)of total reflection occured when light from diffuser into air can be calculated by the equation(1).Therefor, When light from the PMMA material diffuser which refractive index is into the air, when≧42.2°total reflection will be occared.
The diffuser is 960mm-long, 30mm-wide and 2mm-thick, which material isPMMA, The model is shown in Fig.2.
Acknowledgement This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51173015) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, ( No zz1011).
Journal of Applied Optics. 2011,32(4):613 [3] C.Y Liang.