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Part of the materials in the tar don't occur secondary reaction in this process, therefore the yield of pyrolytic products and weight loss are not entirely consistent.
Acknowledgement The authors acknowledge the financial support by National Key Technology R&D Program (2009BAA20B01) (China), and the natural science foundation of Shaanxi Province (2011JY004).
China International Journal of Coal Geology. 2000, 44: 149-168
Journal of China Coal Society. 1994, 19 (6): 521-526

Experimental Materials.
Budiman: ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences Vol. 11, No. 8 (2016), pp. 5221-5226
Budiman: Engineering Journal Vol. 18, No. 2 (2014), pp. 29-39

Materials and Methods Microorganism and Culture Conditions.
Banat: World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 24 (2008), p. 917-925
Abdul-Talib: International Journal of Engineering and Physical Sciences Vol. 6 (2012), p. 369-376

Unlike dense graded or SMA mixture, porous asphalt mixture contain few fine material, which is commonly used as a high performance, skid resistant wearing course to reduce traffic noise; to decrease splash and spray, fuel consumption, tire wear; to improve ride quality and visibility of pavement markings at night and in wet weather The porous asphalt pavement which has good performance should satisfy both functional and durable requirements.
Determine the amount of material whoes particle size is smaller than 0.075mm contributed by each aggregate ,using the adjusted stockpile percentages.
Journal of the Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists(2001), p.132-175 [4] W.
Bailey method for gradation selection in hot-mix asphalt mixture design, Transportation Research Circular, Number E-C044 [6] P.W.Hao, J.Z.Xu, H.Z.Zhou, Key technologies of aggregate blending by Bailey method .Journal of Chang’an University(Natural Science Edition).

To set the minimum amount of material in the structure as the objective function, as in formula (7) shown below
Material is Q345, and elastic modulus is 206GPa.
Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing, 2006 (5): 417-421(in chinese) [2] Shen Yongqiang, Niu Zhongrong, Yi Qiang. 
Sequential linear programming method in the truss structure optimization design of [J].Journal of Zhejiang Institute of technology, 1993, 59 (2):55 - 64(in chinese) [4] Du Jianming, Zhang Weisheng, Guo Xu.

Material model.
The material of the elbows is 20 steel pipe.
The real stress-strain curve of the material is shown in Fig. 3.
East China University of Science and Technology. 1999
JOURNAL OF BEIJING UNIVERSITY OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY, 2005, 32(1): 62-65 [4] ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, 1992, Section III, Division 1, “Nuclear Power Plant Components”, ASME, New York, NY

Among other causes, these stresses are due to the CTE (Coefficient of Thermal Expansion) mismatch of materials, high temperature and off equilibrium deposit.
This effect particularly occurs in semiconductor materials, making piezoresistive devices an attractive mean for stress sensoring in the microelectronic industry.
Materials were considered as isotropic and perfect adhesion of the model interfaces was assumed.
Bouchard, Kriging metamodel global optimization of clinching joining processes accounting for ductile damage, Journal of Materials Processsing Technology, 213(7):1038-1047, 2013
Thesis in Science and Engineering of Materials.

Glass-ceramic materials are polycrystalline solids with a residual glassy matrix normally obtained by a controlled crystallization process of suitable glasses generally induced by nucleating additives [6,7].
Lately, glass-ceramic materials have demonstrated increasing potential of application in situations where better mechanical, chemical, and thermal performances are required [6,9].
The parent glass was prepared with appropriate amounts of the raw materials: Quartz-Minasolo; Al2O3-CT300 Almatis; Li2CO3-PA Dinâmica Química Contemp.; H3BO3-PA Ultra; ZrSiO4-Minasolo; MgO-Buschle & Lepper.
Oxides SiO2 Al2O3 MgO Li2O ZrO2 B2O3 Composition (wt %) 64.74 17.92 4.14 4.60 4.00 4.60 Raw materials were mixed in an aluminous porcelain mill containing alumina grinding media.
Duke: Journal Materials Science (1969), p. 340

Burst Failure Analysis of a HFW Pipe for Nature Gas Pipeline Lixia Zhu1,2,a*, Gang Wu1,b, Jinheng Luo1,c and Zhenquan Bai1,d 1State Key Laboratory for Performance and Petroleum Tubular Goods and Equipment Materials, Xi′an 710077, China 2School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China azhulx@cnpc.com.cn, bwuang010@cnpc.com.cn, cluojh@cnpc.com.cn, dbaizq@cnpc.com.cn Keywords: Pipeline Steel; Dent; Limit internal pressure; Plastic deformation; Burst Abstract.
The chemical composition of the pipe body material meets the requirements of GB/T 9711-2017.
The material properties of Φ 219.1 × 5.6 mm L415M welded pipe are as follows: Elastic Modulus was 206 GPA and Poisson's Ratio was 0.3.
(Internal pressure is 1.1MPa, the dnt depth is 10.41%) According to the net section failure criterion of materials, when the equivalent stress at any point in the wall thickness direction of the concerned area is equal to the flow stress, the pipeline reaches the limit state, and the flow stress can be determined according to the actual situation.
Journal of Pipeline Engineering, 2008, 7(3): 189-204

The Comprehensive Test for Geothermal Tail-Water Disposal Gao Zong-juna, Ren Jia-guo, Li Jia-liang, Cao Hong, Wu Qian-qian, Zhang Zhao-xiang and Ma Hai-hui Shandong University of Science and Technology, Shandong  Provincial  Key  Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization & Sedimentary Minerals， Qingdao,China a zongjun_gao@163.com Keywords: geothermal tail-water; disposal; test Abstract - Geothermal reservoirs and groundwater resources in layered porous media in large sedimentary basins have enormous exploitation potential because of their extensive distribution, great quantity, and feasible temperatures and drilling depths.
After separation, the cheap, clean water can be used as a material for chemical plants.
[4] Ren Jia-guo,WU Qianqian,ZHENG Xi-lai.The Studies of Regional Water Circulation Patterns in the Yerqiang river Basin[J].Journal of Ocean University of China,2006.5(4):357-362