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Online since: October 2011
Authors: Wei Shan, Hua Jiang
Introduction
The soil and rock on the slope, affected by river water erosion, groundwater activity, earthquake, artificial cutting slope and other factors, under the action of gravity, along a weak plane or belt, integrally or dispersedly slide down natural phenomenon [1,2].
At present, the Bei’an-Heihe highway is being widen to expressway, design stage investigation results show that some sections are located in landslide body, affected by landform, topography, rainfall, freeze-thaw and other factors, foundation of some sections are in unstable state, bring enormous difficulties to widening.
Indoor experiment The basic properties of rupture surface soil.
The safety factor decreases linearly with water content increasing when the water content of rupture surface soil is greater than 27%, employ linear function to fit the curve of safety factor affected by water content.
Rock and soil properties: bedrock of the landslide is upper Cretaceous Nenjiang formation mudstone and sandstone, compact structure, poor permeability, and a natural isolation layer; water aggregate on the surface of the mudstone and sandstone and make the rupture surface soil saturated.
At present, the Bei’an-Heihe highway is being widen to expressway, design stage investigation results show that some sections are located in landslide body, affected by landform, topography, rainfall, freeze-thaw and other factors, foundation of some sections are in unstable state, bring enormous difficulties to widening.
Indoor experiment The basic properties of rupture surface soil.
The safety factor decreases linearly with water content increasing when the water content of rupture surface soil is greater than 27%, employ linear function to fit the curve of safety factor affected by water content.
Rock and soil properties: bedrock of the landslide is upper Cretaceous Nenjiang formation mudstone and sandstone, compact structure, poor permeability, and a natural isolation layer; water aggregate on the surface of the mudstone and sandstone and make the rupture surface soil saturated.
Online since: October 2010
Authors: Mu Yu Liu, Feng Wang
The spatial nonlinear analysis model named double-girder is established, the
geometrically nonlinear behavior of whole bridge is analyzed under dead load plus live load in
normal service stage, the nonlinear analysis involves cable sag, large displacement and
beam-column, the three nonlinear factors effect on internal force and deformation of side tower,
main girder are investigated.
There are two major nonlinear influence factors including material nonlinearity and geometric nonlinearity.
Nonlinear consideration Geometrically nonlinear factors.
Cable-stayed bridge which is made of tower, girders and cables are flexible mechanical characteristics.
The global FE model and material properties are given in Fig.2 and Table 1.
There are two major nonlinear influence factors including material nonlinearity and geometric nonlinearity.
Nonlinear consideration Geometrically nonlinear factors.
Cable-stayed bridge which is made of tower, girders and cables are flexible mechanical characteristics.
The global FE model and material properties are given in Fig.2 and Table 1.
Online since: November 2012
Authors: R. Wright, P. Kirby, A. Kosmala, Q. Zhang
Improvement of electrical and mechanical properties of inkjet-printed Ag tracks by adding SiO2 to high loading Ag inks
A.
SiO2 particles have been shown to enhance the interfacial properties of the particle dispersion [9].
Since the deposited films may be exposed to thermal or structural loads, the mechanical properties of the film play critical roles in stress induction.
The results indicate that the presence of SiO2 affects the mechanical and electrical properties of the Ag films.
Ghatpande, Effect of inorganic binders on the properties of silver thick films, J.
SiO2 particles have been shown to enhance the interfacial properties of the particle dispersion [9].
Since the deposited films may be exposed to thermal or structural loads, the mechanical properties of the film play critical roles in stress induction.
The results indicate that the presence of SiO2 affects the mechanical and electrical properties of the Ag films.
Ghatpande, Effect of inorganic binders on the properties of silver thick films, J.
Online since: March 2015
Authors: Xiao Dong Xiong, Yue Wang, Yan Gao, Jun Feng Luo, Jin Jiang He, Shu Qin Liu
Introduction
Precious metals have stable chemical properties, high electric conductivity and thermal conductivity with special electrical properties.
The performance of thin film is highly depended on the properties of sputtering target.
Generally speaking, purity and composition tolerance may affect the film properties and reliability, while density, grain size and grain orientation may affect the particle generation and film uniformity.
It was true that desired properties were difficult to control for high purity materials.
Density is one of the most important performance factors for powder metallurgy target.
The performance of thin film is highly depended on the properties of sputtering target.
Generally speaking, purity and composition tolerance may affect the film properties and reliability, while density, grain size and grain orientation may affect the particle generation and film uniformity.
It was true that desired properties were difficult to control for high purity materials.
Density is one of the most important performance factors for powder metallurgy target.
Online since: April 2012
Authors: Yan Jun Zhao, Xing Ming Huang, Shu Guang Li, Cheng Xu
School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049)
(2.
Introduction Weapon firing process is a typical stress and motion process of complicated mechanical system, during firing weapons were subjected to cyclic frequency dynamic load and high temperature, high pressure.
The key parts performance is affecting weapon of shooting the smooth realization, fire safety and the effect of firing accuracy of important factors.
The FEM must be fully reflect the actual structure mechanical properties, the concerned parts is less simplified, Away from the key parts is quite simplified.
Table 1 Unit number, note number of the main parts Load analysis In the course of shooting, weapon affected by multiple forces that is obtained by virtual simulation shown in literature 4 and 5, these data are processed, are dimensionless unit.
Introduction Weapon firing process is a typical stress and motion process of complicated mechanical system, during firing weapons were subjected to cyclic frequency dynamic load and high temperature, high pressure.
The key parts performance is affecting weapon of shooting the smooth realization, fire safety and the effect of firing accuracy of important factors.
The FEM must be fully reflect the actual structure mechanical properties, the concerned parts is less simplified, Away from the key parts is quite simplified.
Table 1 Unit number, note number of the main parts Load analysis In the course of shooting, weapon affected by multiple forces that is obtained by virtual simulation shown in literature 4 and 5, these data are processed, are dimensionless unit.
Online since: November 2016
Authors: C.A. León-Patiño, E.A. Aguilar-Reyes, Criseida Ruiz-Aguilar, Ana Edith Higareda-Mendoza
Among them, β-TCP has long been clinically used for bone grafts such as scaffolds, because it enables perfusion of cells and factors such as interconnected porosity and wide pore size distribution are essentials for bone regeneration, besides β-TCP has a chemical composition similar to the mineral phase of natural bone [4,5]; nevertheless it is necessary to improve its mechanical properties and lower the dissolution rate and resorbability in body fluids, which can assist in designing optimal biodegradable bone substitutes.
Dorozhkin, Calcium orthophosphates (CaPO4): occurrence and properties, Prog.
Chang, Bioactive glass promotes wound healing by affecting gap junction connexin 43 mediated endothelial cell behavior, Biomaterials. 84 (2016) 64–75
Aguilar, Determination of physical properties for β-TCP and chitosan biomaterial obtained on metallic 316L substrates, Mater.
Zanotto, Sol–gel synthesis, structure, sintering and properties of bioactive and inert nano-apatite–zirconia glass–ceramics, Ceram.
Dorozhkin, Calcium orthophosphates (CaPO4): occurrence and properties, Prog.
Chang, Bioactive glass promotes wound healing by affecting gap junction connexin 43 mediated endothelial cell behavior, Biomaterials. 84 (2016) 64–75
Aguilar, Determination of physical properties for β-TCP and chitosan biomaterial obtained on metallic 316L substrates, Mater.
Zanotto, Sol–gel synthesis, structure, sintering and properties of bioactive and inert nano-apatite–zirconia glass–ceramics, Ceram.
Online since: May 2012
Authors: Yan Cheng Liu, Yu Dong Liu, Chuan Wang, Yi Wei
The method is proved effective by the experimental data, and provides theoretical bases for residual life of cable and cable anti-aging study under the influence of multi-factors.
It can cause fire. [1] [2]During the usage of insulated cables, the electro-physical and mechanical properties of rubber will change due to its oxidation and decomposition, and it gradually hardens and becomes brittle.
Fig.5 The master curve Fig.6 The curve of shifting factors and temperature Fig. 5 is the master curve, while Fig.6 shows the relationship between shifting factors and temperature.
Conclusion Although Arrhenius equation can be applied to predict the cable life-span under the single influence of temperature, it is limited in the study on shipboard cable life-span, which is always affected by multi-factors.
[3]Kumazawa T,Hotta M,Sugiyama S,et al.A new hot-line diagnostic method for XLPE power cables-AC superposition method.Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Properties and applications of Dielectric Materials.Seoul,Korea, 1997:394-397
It can cause fire. [1] [2]During the usage of insulated cables, the electro-physical and mechanical properties of rubber will change due to its oxidation and decomposition, and it gradually hardens and becomes brittle.
Fig.5 The master curve Fig.6 The curve of shifting factors and temperature Fig. 5 is the master curve, while Fig.6 shows the relationship between shifting factors and temperature.
Conclusion Although Arrhenius equation can be applied to predict the cable life-span under the single influence of temperature, it is limited in the study on shipboard cable life-span, which is always affected by multi-factors.
[3]Kumazawa T,Hotta M,Sugiyama S,et al.A new hot-line diagnostic method for XLPE power cables-AC superposition method.Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Properties and applications of Dielectric Materials.Seoul,Korea, 1997:394-397
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Xue Gang Sun, Zheng Gan Zhou
Because of complex features of nonlinearity, time-varying and large inertia, in addition, interference by external factors such as hearth temperature and air flow, exhaust temperature is difficult to be controlled.
Although lower accurate model is required, practice application has proved that the control index is well optimized if hearth temperature and air flow are taken into account as feedforward factors while constructing the control algorithm.
Conclusion Exhaust temperature is a complex object in regenerative furnace and is affected by hearth temperature and the flow rate of combustion air.
Although GPC can, to a certain extent, optimize the control, yet it has no mechanism of diminishing influence of external factors and could not get satisfied result.
[5] R.Rouhani, R.K.Mehra, Model algorithmic control (MAC): Basic theoretical properties [J], Automatica,1982 (4):401-414 [6] D.W.Clarke, C.Montadi, P S Tuffs.
Although lower accurate model is required, practice application has proved that the control index is well optimized if hearth temperature and air flow are taken into account as feedforward factors while constructing the control algorithm.
Conclusion Exhaust temperature is a complex object in regenerative furnace and is affected by hearth temperature and the flow rate of combustion air.
Although GPC can, to a certain extent, optimize the control, yet it has no mechanism of diminishing influence of external factors and could not get satisfied result.
[5] R.Rouhani, R.K.Mehra, Model algorithmic control (MAC): Basic theoretical properties [J], Automatica,1982 (4):401-414 [6] D.W.Clarke, C.Montadi, P S Tuffs.
Online since: February 2011
Authors: Hui Jin Song, Qiang Yan
Effects of the concentration and preparing condition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the coatings were studied by using SEM, XRD and nanoindentation technique.
The purpose of this article is to contrast CrNx coatings with different interlayer by means of microstructure and mechanical properties, such as micro-hardness and adhesion.
The causes may be there is not sharp Cr/CrNx alternant multilayer or the alternant structure can not be observed in our SEM measurement. 3.2 Mechanical properties The results of the nanohardness (H) and the elastic modulus (E) of the as-deposited CrNx coatings with different interlayer are shown in Fig.4.
A number of factors could account for the results, including residual stresses, texture and grain growth (size and density) [7], as presented in the XRD, SEM characteristics.
These critical scratch load values in this work are low as compared with the adhesion properties deposited by other PVD techniques, which can be attributed to the presence of a high stress at low temperature and the soft substrate.
The purpose of this article is to contrast CrNx coatings with different interlayer by means of microstructure and mechanical properties, such as micro-hardness and adhesion.
The causes may be there is not sharp Cr/CrNx alternant multilayer or the alternant structure can not be observed in our SEM measurement. 3.2 Mechanical properties The results of the nanohardness (H) and the elastic modulus (E) of the as-deposited CrNx coatings with different interlayer are shown in Fig.4.
A number of factors could account for the results, including residual stresses, texture and grain growth (size and density) [7], as presented in the XRD, SEM characteristics.
These critical scratch load values in this work are low as compared with the adhesion properties deposited by other PVD techniques, which can be attributed to the presence of a high stress at low temperature and the soft substrate.
Online since: July 2014
Authors: M.R. Thansekhar, Shekar M. Santosh, M. Ramakanth, Krishna P. Mohan, M. Venkatesan
This mal-distribution has a significant effect on the performance of the heat exchanger by increasing the pressure drop and affecting the heat transfer characteristics.
Flow mal-distribution is induced by many factors such as geometry, operating conditions, viscosity, density, fouling, multiphase flow etc., and can be reduced by modifying the parameters such as area of cross section of manifold, number of channels, length of channel, diameter of channel position of inlet/outlet, fluid and Reynolds number.
(2) Setup starts with giving the type of model, working fluid, its properties and boundary conditions.
The working fluid, its properties, viscous model and boundary conditions used are shown in Table 2.
The parametric studies show that instead of reducing the diameter of all the channels, reducing the diameter of channels with higher flow rate results in reduced flow mal-distribution without affecting the pressure drop across the heat exchanger.
Flow mal-distribution is induced by many factors such as geometry, operating conditions, viscosity, density, fouling, multiphase flow etc., and can be reduced by modifying the parameters such as area of cross section of manifold, number of channels, length of channel, diameter of channel position of inlet/outlet, fluid and Reynolds number.
(2) Setup starts with giving the type of model, working fluid, its properties and boundary conditions.
The working fluid, its properties, viscous model and boundary conditions used are shown in Table 2.
The parametric studies show that instead of reducing the diameter of all the channels, reducing the diameter of channels with higher flow rate results in reduced flow mal-distribution without affecting the pressure drop across the heat exchanger.