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Online since: April 2016
Authors: Janusz Tomczak, Tomasz Bulzak, Arkadiusz Tofil
Forgings are characterized by symmetry and various values of reduction ratio coefficient (d=D/d) of rolled steps.
Geometrical parameters of impressions place data segments for forging rolling were determined on the basis of sizing method according to Smirnov [9].
Moreover, for both analyzed variants it was assumed that forgings would be made from titanium alloy Ti6Al4V, for which rigid-plastic material model was taken from data base of the software Simufact Forming [10].
A common feature of forgings rolled by two methods is large heterogeneity of strains, both between particular steps (which is obvious due to various reduction ratio values) as in the area of single steps, rolled with the same reduction ratio.
A reduction gear with variably rotating output shafts enabling torque measurement.
Geometrical parameters of impressions place data segments for forging rolling were determined on the basis of sizing method according to Smirnov [9].
Moreover, for both analyzed variants it was assumed that forgings would be made from titanium alloy Ti6Al4V, for which rigid-plastic material model was taken from data base of the software Simufact Forming [10].
A common feature of forgings rolled by two methods is large heterogeneity of strains, both between particular steps (which is obvious due to various reduction ratio values) as in the area of single steps, rolled with the same reduction ratio.
A reduction gear with variably rotating output shafts enabling torque measurement.
Online since: October 2004
Authors: H.K. Jung, Chung Gil Kang, P.K. Seo, Byung Min Kim
Fuel efficiency can be improved by an engine with high performance, the reduction of air
resistance and the rolling resistance of a tire, the compact of a car body, as well and weight
reduction; Thus, a large number of studies on the methods for reducing the weight of automobile
parts have been actively conducted [3-9].
The most imperative factor regarding the weight reduction are an strength of parts for variations of shapes and dimensions, because the plastic deformation and fracture of the parts are caused by the reduction of strength resulting from the change of the shapes and dimensions when considering only weight reduction [3-7, 9].
The die casting machine is equipped with a shot control system that provides real-time data [9].
This is because the laminar flow of the reheated material is caused at the injection velocity below 0.5 m/s. (3) On the basis of the experimental results for A356 materials for a variety of the injection conditions, a quantitative data base for the purpose of setting the optimal injection conditions like injection velocity and applied pressure was constructed.
The most imperative factor regarding the weight reduction are an strength of parts for variations of shapes and dimensions, because the plastic deformation and fracture of the parts are caused by the reduction of strength resulting from the change of the shapes and dimensions when considering only weight reduction [3-7, 9].
The die casting machine is equipped with a shot control system that provides real-time data [9].
This is because the laminar flow of the reheated material is caused at the injection velocity below 0.5 m/s. (3) On the basis of the experimental results for A356 materials for a variety of the injection conditions, a quantitative data base for the purpose of setting the optimal injection conditions like injection velocity and applied pressure was constructed.
Online since: October 2010
Authors: M. Curioni, G.E. Thompson
From these data, information representative of an alloy matrix
unattached by corrosion, can be extracted.
This indicates that, for the etched alloy, no activation of the cathodic sites for oxygen reduction is necessary, since the etching treatment has already provided available sites.
Therefore, a reduction of cathodic activity on one specimen results in a decrease in potential, since the anodic activity is not affected by the de-aeration.
Subsequently, a temporary current increase is observed, due to the anodic activation promoted by the pH reduction following chromic acid addition.
This layer provides a relatively efficient cathode for the reaction of oxygen reduction, but is not particularly effective for hydrogen evolution.
This indicates that, for the etched alloy, no activation of the cathodic sites for oxygen reduction is necessary, since the etching treatment has already provided available sites.
Therefore, a reduction of cathodic activity on one specimen results in a decrease in potential, since the anodic activity is not affected by the de-aeration.
Subsequently, a temporary current increase is observed, due to the anodic activation promoted by the pH reduction following chromic acid addition.
This layer provides a relatively efficient cathode for the reaction of oxygen reduction, but is not particularly effective for hydrogen evolution.
Online since: September 2014
Authors: Xiang Dong Cui, Bei Liu, Li Cheng Wang
The IMO’s discussions focus on the technical, operational and market-based measures for ship’s CO2 emission reduction.
Operational measures: These measures include reduction of ship speed, optimization of ship routes by meteorological navigation and good maintenance of ship structure and critical equipment so as to improve operational efficiency and achieve CO2 emissions reduction.
Ship Resistance Reduction Technologies The UK successfully developed new paint for ships.
The wireless communication network system can transmit the detected data to the onshore office when the ship is sailing in China.
Facing more and more stringent standards for ship CO2 emission reduction, China must make a breakthrough and achieve actual effect in the low-carbon ship technology, in order to achieve China’s commitment to emission reduction targets and win Chin’s voice on ship CO2 emission reduction standards.
Operational measures: These measures include reduction of ship speed, optimization of ship routes by meteorological navigation and good maintenance of ship structure and critical equipment so as to improve operational efficiency and achieve CO2 emissions reduction.
Ship Resistance Reduction Technologies The UK successfully developed new paint for ships.
The wireless communication network system can transmit the detected data to the onshore office when the ship is sailing in China.
Facing more and more stringent standards for ship CO2 emission reduction, China must make a breakthrough and achieve actual effect in the low-carbon ship technology, in order to achieve China’s commitment to emission reduction targets and win Chin’s voice on ship CO2 emission reduction standards.
Online since: February 2014
Authors: Li Hua Dong, Li Zhang, John Gerald Odhiambo, Tao Liu, Yan Sheng Yin
Most significantly was the reduction of pitting resistance potential with increase in exposure time.
1.
The software was also used to analyze the experimental data.
This protective biofilm blocks further chloride action on the metal surface hence reduction on corrosion rate.
The software was also used to analyze the experimental data.
This protective biofilm blocks further chloride action on the metal surface hence reduction on corrosion rate.
Online since: January 2015
Authors: Zhao Wang, Zi Yang Wang, Zhi Min Lv
Generally, since some random data being existed, the output original data of the system has no rules.
Fig.2: Comparison before and after data processing The reversion of the grey accumulated generating series into the forecast value of initial data is called grey inverse accumulated reduction.
And after the forecasting value of the new data is obtained, the grey inverse accumulated reduction operation would be applied to obtain the forecasting value of the original data. 3.2 Modeling for blast furnace gas forecast Based on the grey RBF neural network model, the amount of gas for short-term and multi-step forecast algorithm flow chart is shown in Fig.3.
The experimental data is the blast furnace gas production amount data which comes from WISCO 4# blast furnace.
These data is employed as the training data to train the network.
Fig.2: Comparison before and after data processing The reversion of the grey accumulated generating series into the forecast value of initial data is called grey inverse accumulated reduction.
And after the forecasting value of the new data is obtained, the grey inverse accumulated reduction operation would be applied to obtain the forecasting value of the original data. 3.2 Modeling for blast furnace gas forecast Based on the grey RBF neural network model, the amount of gas for short-term and multi-step forecast algorithm flow chart is shown in Fig.3.
The experimental data is the blast furnace gas production amount data which comes from WISCO 4# blast furnace.
These data is employed as the training data to train the network.
Online since: June 2012
Authors: Ri Xian Ding, Cheng Guo, Huan Huan Zhang
The importance of the interaction means that the ability of contact stress in crack ratio reduction depends on the level of punch velocity.
But the reduction of the rack ratio was limited in the case that only the blank holder force (FB) increased [7].
The optimal value of the output can be predicted by the regression model which fitting the experimental data.
The input data for the regression model were translated into code variables from their original units [17].
It means that although the punch velocity had the least effect on crack ratio reduction, the trend of crack ratio was heavily influenced by the punch velocity, which is the result of interaction between the contact stress and the punch velocity.
But the reduction of the rack ratio was limited in the case that only the blank holder force (FB) increased [7].
The optimal value of the output can be predicted by the regression model which fitting the experimental data.
The input data for the regression model were translated into code variables from their original units [17].
It means that although the punch velocity had the least effect on crack ratio reduction, the trend of crack ratio was heavily influenced by the punch velocity, which is the result of interaction between the contact stress and the punch velocity.
Online since: January 2013
Authors: Rositza Yakimova, Anita Lloyd Spetz, Jens Eriksson, Remigijus Vasiliauskas, Donatella Puglisi
The graphene uniformity can then be evaluated from the distribution of the data points making up this map.
The circled data points correspond to graphene grown on 3C-SiC.
a) and b) are modified from results presented elsewhere [5] in order to add data pertaining to 3C-SiC substrates.
In this case there is no distinguishable difference between cubic and hexagonal substrates, but this may also be due to insufficient amount of data for graphene grown on 3C-SiC.
Circled data points correspond to graphene grown on 3C-SiC.
The circled data points correspond to graphene grown on 3C-SiC.
a) and b) are modified from results presented elsewhere [5] in order to add data pertaining to 3C-SiC substrates.
In this case there is no distinguishable difference between cubic and hexagonal substrates, but this may also be due to insufficient amount of data for graphene grown on 3C-SiC.
Circled data points correspond to graphene grown on 3C-SiC.
Online since: January 2013
Authors: Francesco La Via, Andrea Canino, Andrea Severino, Alessandra Alberti, Nicolò Piluso, Stefania Privitera
The fundamental issue is the reduction of defects and stress due to the lattice mismatch between the 3C-SiC epilayer and the Silicon substrate.
This fact allows to say that the improvement of surface, i.e. the marked reduction of large holes on the surface, is due to the buffer layer structure.
These data (not shown here) allowed to deduce the interface defect density.
This fact allows to say that the improvement of surface, i.e. the marked reduction of large holes on the surface, is due to the buffer layer structure.
These data (not shown here) allowed to deduce the interface defect density.
Non-Linear Behaviour of Base-Isolated Building Supported on Flexible Soil under Damaging Earthquakes
Online since: September 2011
Authors: Sayed Mahmoud, Robert Jankowski, Per Erik Austrell
The effectiveness of the base-isolated buildings in damage reduction has been confirmed numerically for the models of structures with fixed supports.
Then, the sensitivity of the response has been investigated for a variety of soil properties so as to investigate the effectiveness in reduction of structural damage in the case of different soil conditions.
The model describes the behaviour of the bearing by a non-linear elastic spring-dashpot element with stiffness and damping defined as [4]: , (2) where , are actual displacement and velocity of the isolated base and are parameters of the model obtained by fitting the experimental data using the method of the least squares.
Then, the sensitivity of the response has been investigated for a variety of soil properties so as to investigate the effectiveness in reduction of structural damage in the case of different soil conditions.
The model describes the behaviour of the bearing by a non-linear elastic spring-dashpot element with stiffness and damping defined as [4]: , (2) where , are actual displacement and velocity of the isolated base and are parameters of the model obtained by fitting the experimental data using the method of the least squares.