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Online since: March 2011
Authors: Li Juan Zhou, Xiao Xu He, Kang Li
Introduction The project named “Early warning system of agricultural products " has surmounted the number of breakthroughs in several fields.
It helps to establish a timely and relevant state department monitoring the number of national agricultural security monitoring.
Production analysis module Consumer Analysis On consumer spending, particularly in the agricultural and other necessities for analysis, we need to consider the balance between grain supply and demand situations.
Holographic information has been developed in accordance with standard; Use the methods of data migration and information direct reporting to establish the number of data warehouse of agricultural products [2, 3].
Building of grain industry Data Warehouse [J].
Online since: August 2014
Authors: Wei Jie Liu, Ying Zhi, Xianghua Liu
Each cell has four state variables: (a) carbon content: the initial carbon content of cell is taken as the mole fraction of carbon in the high strength and elongation steel; (b) grain orientation: the new generated martensite cell is randomly given number between 1 to 180 as a orientation value.
The fraction of martensitic transformation () can be expressed as Eq. (10): (10) where, is the cell number undergoing martensitic transformation, is the total cell number for cell space.
In Fig. 1(a), the initial grain of austenite is logoed with white.
The multicolor grain represents the new generated martensite during continuous cooling in Fig. 1(b).
In the subsequent cooling process, the nucleation of grain which has been deformed during continuous cooling will continue to grow, as shown in Fig. 1 (b)~(d), corresponding to the fraction of martensitic transformation is separately 19% (586˚C), 66% (306˚C), 93% (206˚C).
Online since: October 2006
Authors: Seong Kyun Cheong, Kook Jin Lee, Jae Heon Lee, Tae Kun Lee
The number of cycles to failure increases at the beginning of exposure.
Experimental results show that the residual stress distribution and the number of cycles to failure of a drive plate are greatly affected by peening process.
Reason for this is judged to be microstructure together with the plastic deformation of surface part due to the impact energy of shot ball. 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 10 5 10 6 σσσσ = 573MPa , δδδδ = 21.5 Number of cycle to failure, Nf Exposure time, T(s) 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 10 5 10 6 σσσσ = 573MPa , δδδδ = 21.5 Number of cycle to failure, Nf Exposure time, T(s) (a) Shot ball speed (50m/s) (b) Shot ball speed (58m/s) ������������������������������Fig. 2 Effect of exposure time on the fatigue life. ���� 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 500 600 Hardness (Hv) Depth from the surface (mm) Heat treated 42m/s 50m/s 58m/s 65m/s 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 -600 -400 -200 0 Residual stress, σr (MPa) Distance from surface (µm) 42m/s 50m/s 58m/s 65m/s � Fig. 3 Hardness distribution of specimen.
This is judged to be because grain shape is changed and the effect of factors from microstructure of grain and the effect of stress from uneven deformation affected with compounded effect.
Reason for this seems to be compounded operation of the effect of stress due to uneven deformation from microstructure of grain.
Online since: June 2014
Authors: Jian Min Zeng, Ping Chen, Jin Bo Liu, Wu Kui Gan
Silicon is main element in the alloy and is present in the form of eutectic, which is distributed between the grains.
Alloying Principle of A356 alloy A356 cast alloy consists of Si, Mg with a small amount of Ti for refining the grains.
Ti, B, Zr, V, Nb and Cr can be employed for refining grains but Ti has been commonly used.
Al-5Ti-B master alloy was added for refining the grains.
Hence, as Sb content increases the number of AlSb particles increases, thus resulting in enhanced refinement of the eutectic silicon in solidified alloy.
Online since: May 2016
Authors: Wen Hong Tao, Xing Hua Fu, Wen Zhe Cao, Li Ping Zhao, Wen Xin Ma, Guo Yuan Cheng
A large number of experiments show that n (CA) : n (metal oins)=3:1,PH=4 is the best proportion and the solution is clear and stable.
It was easily found that the grains were small and many pores existed in samples sintered at 1100 ℃ shown in Fig.2(a).As the sintering temperature increased from1100-1250 ℃,the grains gradually grow up and the number of pore decreased shown in Fig.2 (a)-(d).
However the grains were melt when sintering increased to 1300 ℃ as shown in Fig.2 (e), which may be attributed to the higher sintering temperature.
Based on the microstructure and crystal structure as shown in Fig.2, it is obvious that the low er values were mainly caused by pores and grain size at the sintering temperature lower than 1250 ℃.
Then the er values decreased rapidly, which was caused by the grain melting due to the high temperature of 1300 ℃.We also can see that the tand values of BST ceramics decreased with the temperature increasing.
Online since: January 2010
Authors: Niels Hansen, Naoya Kamikawa, Xiao Xu Huang
These mechanical responses are totally opposite to those in conventional coarse-grained samples.
Based on a classic law in metallurgy that the strength of metals increases with a decrease in the grain size, many attempts to reduce the grain size or structural size into the sub-micrometer or nanometer scale have been made in order to realize a very high strength and other valuable properties.
It has been proved that nanostructured metals show a significantly higher strength, typically several times higher than that of coarse-grained samples, but a very limited ductility [1,2].
The yield stress and UTS for the as-ARB sample (curve 1 in Fig. 2) are 633 and 895 MPa, respectively, several times higher than those in a coarse-grained sample (a yield stress of 142 MPa and a UTS of 277 MPa at a grain size of 20 µm [17]).
In the annealed sample, the flow stress is high and the rate of work hardening may be low due to the low number of dislocation sources, so that the ductility may be limited.
Online since: July 2015
Authors: Cheng Kuo Lee, Rong Hwei Yeh, T.M. Chao, A.H. Tan
This is because polished removal amount is determined by both penetration depth and fiber number along with contact points in a unit polishing contacted area.
Disk Grain Size and Magnetic Performance.
A disk with a smooth surface promotes Ru-alloy grains growth in <0001> direction with a minimum dispersion and thereby increases the grain density of the magnetic layer, resulting a narrower FWHM of Ru(0001).
NSC103-2622-E-231-001 and the Asia University for their financial support under contract number 102-asia-47.
Fig. 7 Grain density of magnetic layer on disks (a) A, (b) B, (c) C and (d) D.
Online since: July 2020
Authors: Zhuang Li, Qi Zhou, Li Zhang, Xi Jun Cui, Wen Hao Cai, Hao Xu Wang, Yi Qin Cai, Run Qi Zhang, Jin Yu Li
It can be seen that equiaxed grain in Ti-3573 alloy after AC and precipitated a lot of α phase after FC.
When the metastable β titanium alloy is heated in the β-phase region, the β grains have a high growth tendency.
As a result, although the grain size is coarse, it is still relatively uniform, and no abnormal grain growth occurs after 30 minutes of heat preservation.
Intergranular α laths are formed in the form of many parallel plates growing towards the grain interior.
These precipitates hardly deform and produce a high number of α/β interfaces act as dislocation barriers [10, 11].
Online since: August 2016
Authors: Roger Pelletier, Louis Philippe Lefebvre, Eric Baril
A small number of comparative wear tests have been performed at R.T., 300°C and 500°C on rectangular cross section dogbone specimens.
It also contains a great number of rounded titanium carbide secondary phases which appear light gray in Figure 3 (see white arrow).
The TiC particles impede the growth of the β-Ti grains by dragging their grain boundary.
This has the consequence of slowing down the reduction rate of grain boundary surface during sintering and allows keeping the pore at the surface of grain where diffusion is faster [6].
The other consequence of carbide addition is the substantial reduction of the size of the prior β-Ti grains from which the α-Ti grains grow.
Online since: October 2010
Authors: Andrey Osmakov, V. Rumyantsev, Ya. Dyatlova, V. Pesin, S.S. Ordanyan
The observed inhomogeneities are micron-sized The average grain size after PS is 0.45 μm, which is due to the alumina matrix that constrains ZrO2 grains and suppresses their growth.
The vast majority of ZrO2 grains (upon sintering at 1450 – 1550 °С) falls into the range of 200 to 400 nm, with virtually same grain size; d1450°C = 390 nm, d1500°C = 420 nm, d1550°C = 390 nm.
The average Al2O3 grain size in these compositions is ~2 times bigger, as compared to ZrO2 grain size.
The observed trend could be correlated to the changes in structural state of the grain boundaries.
The relative uniformity and homogeneity of multiphase microstructure of ZTAC, achieved through a number of processing approaches based on soft powder synthesis methods and hot pressing, leads to a high level of strength (σ = 1050 MPa) and mechanical stability (minimum extent of t →m phase transformation during crushing). 2.
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