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Online since: January 2006
Authors: Sheng Xing Wu, Ping Hua Lin, Pei Wei Gao, Zhong Ru Wu, Ming Shu Tang
RCC is a material used in the construction of dams and pavements [2].
Experimental Materials and Methods Materials Cement, Chinese 52.5 Portland cement (medium heat), from Guangxi province, the mineral composition and strength of it was follows: C3S, 50.77 %; C2S, 21.57 %; C3A, 3.06 %; C4AF, 16.28 %; compressive strength: 3d, 30.4M Pa; 7d, 44.0 MPa; 28d, 60.2 MPa.
The chemical compositions of these materials are shown in Table 1, the physical property of fly ash is shown in Table 2.
Table 1 The chemical composition of materials /% Item SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 CaO MgO SO3 L.O.I ∑ Cement 20.90 4.57 5.35 60.91 3.81 2.59 1.48 99.61 Fly ash 46.53 27.69 16.52 2.56 1.45 0.80 3.82 98.57 ExI 10.95 2.74 0.93 48.02 31.78 0.03 2.97 97.42 ExII 14.29 2.54 1.05 39.46 38.31 0.05 3.02 98.72 ExIII 2.11 0.36 0.59 0.88 95.34 0.02 0.50 99.80 Note:ExI- expansive agent I; ExII- expansive agent II; ExIII- expansive agent III.
[2] ACI Committee 201, Roller compacted mass concrete, ACI materials journal, 85(5), 1988, pp. 400-444
Experimental Materials and Methods Materials Cement, Chinese 52.5 Portland cement (medium heat), from Guangxi province, the mineral composition and strength of it was follows: C3S, 50.77 %; C2S, 21.57 %; C3A, 3.06 %; C4AF, 16.28 %; compressive strength: 3d, 30.4M Pa; 7d, 44.0 MPa; 28d, 60.2 MPa.
The chemical compositions of these materials are shown in Table 1, the physical property of fly ash is shown in Table 2.
Table 1 The chemical composition of materials /% Item SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 CaO MgO SO3 L.O.I ∑ Cement 20.90 4.57 5.35 60.91 3.81 2.59 1.48 99.61 Fly ash 46.53 27.69 16.52 2.56 1.45 0.80 3.82 98.57 ExI 10.95 2.74 0.93 48.02 31.78 0.03 2.97 97.42 ExII 14.29 2.54 1.05 39.46 38.31 0.05 3.02 98.72 ExIII 2.11 0.36 0.59 0.88 95.34 0.02 0.50 99.80 Note:ExI- expansive agent I; ExII- expansive agent II; ExIII- expansive agent III.
[2] ACI Committee 201, Roller compacted mass concrete, ACI materials journal, 85(5), 1988, pp. 400-444
Online since: June 2007
Authors: M.O. Ihimekpen, O.E. Alutu
The strategy acknowledges building
materials as one of the principal physical resources in production and improvement of shelter.
To this end, earth has been used as cheap building materials for thousands of years in all parts of the world [5, 6].
Building Materials for low-income Housing-Asian and Pacific Region.
[2] UN-Commission on Human Settlements: Appropriate Intermediate, Cost Effective Building Materials, Technologies and Transfer Mechanism for Housing Delivery.
Quarterly journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrodynamics, 39, p66-72, (2006)
To this end, earth has been used as cheap building materials for thousands of years in all parts of the world [5, 6].
Building Materials for low-income Housing-Asian and Pacific Region.
[2] UN-Commission on Human Settlements: Appropriate Intermediate, Cost Effective Building Materials, Technologies and Transfer Mechanism for Housing Delivery.
Quarterly journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrodynamics, 39, p66-72, (2006)
Online since: January 2014
Authors: Gilbert U. Adie, Oladele Osibanjo, Olukemi E. Balogun, Jin Hui Li
Materials and Methods
Sample collection and processing.
The reduction in Cu is thought to be as a result of the general rise in metal prices, therefore, designs aimed at reducing costs by reducing amounts of raw materials are now used.
There are currently no specific regulations in the country to restrict toxic materials in ICT equipment.
SB 20 Report, Hazardous Materials Laboratory, California, 2004
Official Journal of the European Union, L37:19-23, 2003
The reduction in Cu is thought to be as a result of the general rise in metal prices, therefore, designs aimed at reducing costs by reducing amounts of raw materials are now used.
There are currently no specific regulations in the country to restrict toxic materials in ICT equipment.
SB 20 Report, Hazardous Materials Laboratory, California, 2004
Official Journal of the European Union, L37:19-23, 2003
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Guo Jun Liu, Jia Hang Wu, Jia Lin Gong, Yan Wang, Gui Xia Zhang, Su Hua Liu
The film properties of this coating has excellent weathering resistance, durability, film-forming and a rich source of raw materials, so the simple production process of acrylate polymer emulsion is obtained a wide range of applications in the preparation of elastomeric emulsion.
The organic-inorganic composite emulsion, which is prepared by the method of mixing the inorganic nano-materials and the aqueous polymer latex compound, can significantly improve the tensile properties, thermal stability, weather resistance and other properties.
Preserving heat for 2h, cooling to room temperature and adjusting pH=7 to 8, filtering the material.
Preserving heat for 2h, cooling to room temperature and adjusting pH=7 to 8, filtering the material.
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2006, 1 (100): 824 - 830
The organic-inorganic composite emulsion, which is prepared by the method of mixing the inorganic nano-materials and the aqueous polymer latex compound, can significantly improve the tensile properties, thermal stability, weather resistance and other properties.
Preserving heat for 2h, cooling to room temperature and adjusting pH=7 to 8, filtering the material.
Preserving heat for 2h, cooling to room temperature and adjusting pH=7 to 8, filtering the material.
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2006, 1 (100): 824 - 830
Online since: May 2011
Authors: Tao Liu, Wen Long Ding
The Impact Analysis of Grouting Effects to the Settlement of Subway Tunnel Construction
Wenlong Ding a, Tao Liu b
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao266100, China
adwlouc@163.com, bltmilan@163.com
Key words: subway tunnel settlement; grouting reinforcement; numerical simulation
Abstract.
In order to analyze the differences in grouting techniques, combined with the actual excavation process and the contrast of different means of settlement control in a complex section of Metro II, this paper adopts the numerical simulation method of FLAC3D to demonstrate that strict management and proper methods can create good and dependable reinforcement of the unstable surrounding materials.
Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2002,24(2):222–224.
In order to analyze the differences in grouting techniques, combined with the actual excavation process and the contrast of different means of settlement control in a complex section of Metro II, this paper adopts the numerical simulation method of FLAC3D to demonstrate that strict management and proper methods can create good and dependable reinforcement of the unstable surrounding materials.
Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2002,24(2):222–224.
Online since: April 2021
Authors: Jan Kalich, Uwe Füssel, Martina Zimmermann, Lars Ewenz
Here, clinching as a cold forming joining process offers several advantages such as no use of filler materials and lower energy input compared to thermal processes.
Hence, the so-called “clinchability” has to be addressed with regard to materials [4], design [5], and manufacturing [6].
Mucha [7] shows which interactions exist between process parameters and the geometrical parameters of the clinch joints by using steel sheet materials.
FAT-Schriftenreihe 221, VDA Verlag, Berlin, 2009 [4] Reich, M.; Osten, J.; Milkereit, B.; Kalich, J.; Füssel, U.; Kessler, O.: Short-time heat treat-ment of press hardened steel for laser-assisted clinching, Materials Science and Technology, 30 (2014) 11, S. 1287-1296, doi: 10.1179/1743284714Y.0000000556
Journal of Materials Processing Technology n. 9 (2012), S. 1900–1905, doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2012.04.017
Hence, the so-called “clinchability” has to be addressed with regard to materials [4], design [5], and manufacturing [6].
Mucha [7] shows which interactions exist between process parameters and the geometrical parameters of the clinch joints by using steel sheet materials.
FAT-Schriftenreihe 221, VDA Verlag, Berlin, 2009 [4] Reich, M.; Osten, J.; Milkereit, B.; Kalich, J.; Füssel, U.; Kessler, O.: Short-time heat treat-ment of press hardened steel for laser-assisted clinching, Materials Science and Technology, 30 (2014) 11, S. 1287-1296, doi: 10.1179/1743284714Y.0000000556
Journal of Materials Processing Technology n. 9 (2012), S. 1900–1905, doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2012.04.017
Online since: December 2014
Authors: Xue Mei Chen, Qing Liang Chen, Zuo Heng Duan, Wen Yuan Cun
Compared with conventional push drilling, helical milling (orbital drilling) shows great advantages in aeronautical hard-machining materials hole making.
The application of hard-machining materials such as titanium alloy and CFRP makes it much more difficult to machine holes with conventional push drill.
Aero Tech Congress & Exhibition 2142: 55 [4] Ni WY (2007) Orbital drilling of aerospace materials.
Shandong: Shandong Science and Technology Press 79-82.
Harbin: Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology 6: 80-82.
The application of hard-machining materials such as titanium alloy and CFRP makes it much more difficult to machine holes with conventional push drill.
Aero Tech Congress & Exhibition 2142: 55 [4] Ni WY (2007) Orbital drilling of aerospace materials.
Shandong: Shandong Science and Technology Press 79-82.
Harbin: Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology 6: 80-82.
Online since: November 2012
Authors: Hiroaki Date, Satoshi Kanai, Yu Lai Xie
Human skin is a quasi-incompressible material.
That is why it is more difficult to press soft tissue than a sponge-like material.
The fixture made of a foam material was used to support and fix the palms.
Dandekar, et al., 3-D Finite-Element Models of Human and Monkey Fingertips to Investigate the Mechanics of Tactile Sense, Journal of Biomechanical Engineering. 125 (2003) 682-691
Nonlinear and viscoelastic characteristic of skin under compression experiment and analysis, Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering.13 (2003) 373-385 [11] S.J.
That is why it is more difficult to press soft tissue than a sponge-like material.
The fixture made of a foam material was used to support and fix the palms.
Dandekar, et al., 3-D Finite-Element Models of Human and Monkey Fingertips to Investigate the Mechanics of Tactile Sense, Journal of Biomechanical Engineering. 125 (2003) 682-691
Nonlinear and viscoelastic characteristic of skin under compression experiment and analysis, Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering.13 (2003) 373-385 [11] S.J.
Online since: April 2020
Authors: Jun Feng Bai, Hai Long Zhao, Lu Liang Wang, Fang Da Fu, Xu Dong Zhou, Yi Feng Song
Introduction
Reactive powder concrete (RPC) is a new type of concrete material with ultra-high strength, high durability and good crack resistance, which has been widely used in construction and transportation fields [1-4].
Thus: (11) (12) (13) Substitute into Eq. 5 to get: When calculating the deflection of pole, it is assumed that the bottom of the pole for embedded and fixed cantilever beam, the deflection of pole mainly comes from the elasticity of the material itself and after contact with the soil compression deformation, produced by the prestressed RPC pole presumes that foundation stiffness is very big, when pole build-in sections are all fixed, horizontal forces will lead to structural materials elastic deformation, the deflection of the peak at this time as follows: Where: ∑P—resultant horizontal forces; H—he height from the top of the rod to the fixed point; B0—short-term stiffness of reinforced concrete soil flexural members calculated by quasi-permanent combination of loads or prestressed concrete
The material parameters of the calculation model (prestressing steel bar, ordinary steel bar, reactive powder concrete, stirrups) are taken from the experimental values, as shown in Table 1-2.
Table 1 Table of Steel material parameters Type Section size/mm2 Young's modulus/MPa Poisson ratio Yield strength/MPa Prestressed steel bar8 78.5 2.06E11 0.3 1080 Non-prestressed steel bar8 314 2.06E11 0.3 500 Stirrup 50.24 2.06E11 0.3 335 Table 2 Table of concrete material parameters Expansion angle Eccentricity fb0/fc0 K Viscous parameter 0.22% 746 223.8 727.4 365.6 Using the separated modeling method, the model is divided into the following parts: (1) The components of concrete, prestressing steel bar, non-prestressing steel bar and stirrup are established respectively; (2) Creating material and cross-sectional attributes; (3) Define the assembly, and assemble the RPC, steel bar and longitudinal bar into one component, with fixed constraints at the bottom of the pole.
Journal of Three Gorges University (Natural Science Edition), Vol. 29 (2007), p. 415-420
Thus: (11) (12) (13) Substitute into Eq. 5 to get: When calculating the deflection of pole, it is assumed that the bottom of the pole for embedded and fixed cantilever beam, the deflection of pole mainly comes from the elasticity of the material itself and after contact with the soil compression deformation, produced by the prestressed RPC pole presumes that foundation stiffness is very big, when pole build-in sections are all fixed, horizontal forces will lead to structural materials elastic deformation, the deflection of the peak at this time as follows: Where: ∑P—resultant horizontal forces; H—he height from the top of the rod to the fixed point; B0—short-term stiffness of reinforced concrete soil flexural members calculated by quasi-permanent combination of loads or prestressed concrete
The material parameters of the calculation model (prestressing steel bar, ordinary steel bar, reactive powder concrete, stirrups) are taken from the experimental values, as shown in Table 1-2.
Table 1 Table of Steel material parameters Type Section size/mm2 Young's modulus/MPa Poisson ratio Yield strength/MPa Prestressed steel bar8 78.5 2.06E11 0.3 1080 Non-prestressed steel bar8 314 2.06E11 0.3 500 Stirrup 50.24 2.06E11 0.3 335 Table 2 Table of concrete material parameters Expansion angle Eccentricity fb0/fc0 K Viscous parameter 0.22% 746 223.8 727.4 365.6 Using the separated modeling method, the model is divided into the following parts: (1) The components of concrete, prestressing steel bar, non-prestressing steel bar and stirrup are established respectively; (2) Creating material and cross-sectional attributes; (3) Define the assembly, and assemble the RPC, steel bar and longitudinal bar into one component, with fixed constraints at the bottom of the pole.
Journal of Three Gorges University (Natural Science Edition), Vol. 29 (2007), p. 415-420
Online since: March 2007
Authors: Kazuhiro Nakata, Sadao Kokubo, Masatoshi Enomoto
Experimental Procedure
2.1 Materials
A6063 (Al-Mg-Si alloy) is used for base material under T5 heat treatment and its dimension is
50mmx60mmx6mmt. 3 types of atomized particles such as AL-50mass%Fe (herein after called
AL-50Fe, its average diameter is 81 µm), Al-15mass%Fe-17mass%Si (same as Al-15Fe-17Si, 78µm) and Al-50mass%Si (same as Al-50Si, 79µm) are used for spray coating materials before
laser irradiation.
2.2 Plasma Spraying
Low pressure plasma spraying is applied before Nd-YAG laser irradiation. 0.027Pa Ar gas is
used for spraying and powder feed rate is 22.6 to 32.9g/min.
This is why in case of materials including Fe, laser beam energy is absorbed in the plasma plume which induced above the material immediately after laser irradiation
So this process is available to thin base material.
Journal.
Vol.14 No.11, p4351-4357 [5] DEUIS R L, SUBRAMANIAN C, "Aluminum composite coatings produced by plasma transferred arc surfacing technique" Material Science Technology Vol.13 NO.6 p511-522 [6] BOLDUC M, et all "Plasma Process to Harden the Surface of Aluminum and Alloys" SAE Tech Pap Ser.
This is why in case of materials including Fe, laser beam energy is absorbed in the plasma plume which induced above the material immediately after laser irradiation
So this process is available to thin base material.
Journal.
Vol.14 No.11, p4351-4357 [5] DEUIS R L, SUBRAMANIAN C, "Aluminum composite coatings produced by plasma transferred arc surfacing technique" Material Science Technology Vol.13 NO.6 p511-522 [6] BOLDUC M, et all "Plasma Process to Harden the Surface of Aluminum and Alloys" SAE Tech Pap Ser.