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Online since: March 2010
Authors: Jing Lin Tang, Xia Li, Li Wei Wang
The main
problems occurring in practices are wire breakage for the fiber glass core's liability to rupture, and
the difficulties to meet the quality requirements as fine grain, uniform diameter, good coaxially and
mechanical properties.
Complex wires of metal core covered by metal layer are being investigated by many scientists in the world, but complex wire of brittle core has not got enough attention by now [10, 11].In this paper, the equipment for producing GF/Pb Complex Wire is introduced, and research works about the effects of main factors such as extrusion temperature, wire pulling force are experimentally investigated.
The physical properties of glass fiber and the chemistry of lead billet are listed in Table 1 and Table 2 respectively Table 1 Physical properties of glass fiber Density/(g/cm 3) 2.46 Softening point/ oC 1056 Annealing point/ oC 816 Strain point/ oC 766 Tensile strength(23 oC)/ MPa 4890 Tensile strength(371 oC)/ MPa 3.760 Young's modulus(23 oC)/ GPa 86.9 Young's modulus(538 oC)/ GPa 88.9 Elongation/ % 5.7 Table 2 Chemical constitution of lead billet Element Content (PPM) Percentage Composition/% Sb <10 <0.0010 As <5 <0.0005 Bi <30 <0.0030 S <5 <0.0005 Cn <10 <0.0010 Fe <5 <0.0005 Ag <5 <0.0005 Zn <5 <0.0005 Sn 0.77~0.83 Pb >99.1 Fig. 2 Experiment equipment Fig. 3 Extrusion mold The extrusion mould is schematically shown in Fig 3.
Discussions on important factors There are many factors greatly affecting the extrusion speed and the quality of the complex wires.
(2) Temperature is a critical factor for coaxial extrusion forming of GF/Pb Complex Wire.
Complex wires of metal core covered by metal layer are being investigated by many scientists in the world, but complex wire of brittle core has not got enough attention by now [10, 11].In this paper, the equipment for producing GF/Pb Complex Wire is introduced, and research works about the effects of main factors such as extrusion temperature, wire pulling force are experimentally investigated.
The physical properties of glass fiber and the chemistry of lead billet are listed in Table 1 and Table 2 respectively Table 1 Physical properties of glass fiber Density/(g/cm 3) 2.46 Softening point/ oC 1056 Annealing point/ oC 816 Strain point/ oC 766 Tensile strength(23 oC)/ MPa 4890 Tensile strength(371 oC)/ MPa 3.760 Young's modulus(23 oC)/ GPa 86.9 Young's modulus(538 oC)/ GPa 88.9 Elongation/ % 5.7 Table 2 Chemical constitution of lead billet Element Content (PPM) Percentage Composition/% Sb <10 <0.0010 As <5 <0.0005 Bi <30 <0.0030 S <5 <0.0005 Cn <10 <0.0010 Fe <5 <0.0005 Ag <5 <0.0005 Zn <5 <0.0005 Sn 0.77~0.83 Pb >99.1 Fig. 2 Experiment equipment Fig. 3 Extrusion mold The extrusion mould is schematically shown in Fig 3.
Discussions on important factors There are many factors greatly affecting the extrusion speed and the quality of the complex wires.
(2) Temperature is a critical factor for coaxial extrusion forming of GF/Pb Complex Wire.
Online since: July 2017
Authors: Pavel Houška, Kamil Šubrt, Radek Knoflíček
Although its properties are not identical with more frequently used synchronous motors with permanent magnets or linear synchronous motors [20], it is in the interest to test even this motor type.
Tab. 1 - The mechanical properties of the system Table weight 0.5 [kg] Screw pitch 3 [mm] Screw length 0.3 [m] Screw diameter 12 [mm] Dual drive 2x Maxon RE36 (2x 70[W], 24[V]) [21] Single drive Maxon 40 (150[W], 24[V]) [22] Results The current and speed during the test is shown in Figure 5.
Other factors affecting efficiency are iron losses hysteresis and eddy currents in the iron.
These factors are nonlinearly dependent on the operating conditions and their influence is usually minor.
For some applications it is furthermore possible to use the properties of induction motors.
Tab. 1 - The mechanical properties of the system Table weight 0.5 [kg] Screw pitch 3 [mm] Screw length 0.3 [m] Screw diameter 12 [mm] Dual drive 2x Maxon RE36 (2x 70[W], 24[V]) [21] Single drive Maxon 40 (150[W], 24[V]) [22] Results The current and speed during the test is shown in Figure 5.
Other factors affecting efficiency are iron losses hysteresis and eddy currents in the iron.
These factors are nonlinearly dependent on the operating conditions and their influence is usually minor.
For some applications it is furthermore possible to use the properties of induction motors.
Online since: June 2013
Authors: Gerhard Hirt, Markus Bambach, Thomas Henke
Excellent mechanical properties needed for gearing components e.g. high load capacity and high fatigue resistance depend on a fine homogeneous microstructure in the final product.
Additionally, the final product would show poor mechanical properties due to its inhomogeneous microstructure at room temperature [3].
Determination of a microstructure-based material model The microstructure evolution mechanisms occurring in hot forging processes such as dynamic recrystallization and grain growth affect the resulting microstructure and hence the mechanical-technological properties of a material in a decisive manner.
Figure 3), the thermal material properties were calculated using CALPHAD methods.
Hirt, Experimental Uncertainties affecting the Accuracy of Stress-Strain Equations by the Example of a Hensel-Spittel Approach, in: G.
Additionally, the final product would show poor mechanical properties due to its inhomogeneous microstructure at room temperature [3].
Determination of a microstructure-based material model The microstructure evolution mechanisms occurring in hot forging processes such as dynamic recrystallization and grain growth affect the resulting microstructure and hence the mechanical-technological properties of a material in a decisive manner.
Figure 3), the thermal material properties were calculated using CALPHAD methods.
Hirt, Experimental Uncertainties affecting the Accuracy of Stress-Strain Equations by the Example of a Hensel-Spittel Approach, in: G.
Online since: August 2010
Authors: Sriram Tammareddi, Qing Li
Nonlinear
explicit finite element (FE) procedure is carried out using the Palmaz-Schatz stent geometry
to quantitatively predict the effect of mechanical properties of these biomaterials on stent and
coronary artery behavior during stent deployment.
The study is considered significant in understanding the role how stent materials affect biomechanical responses to the coronary stenting.
The mechanical properties of these metals are summarized in Table 1.
These three layers represent the intima, media and adventitia, each having distinct constitutive models to describe their biomechanical properties.
It is assumed that the three layers of the artery have equal thickness and are bound together as one composite, though having distinct mechanical properties.
The study is considered significant in understanding the role how stent materials affect biomechanical responses to the coronary stenting.
The mechanical properties of these metals are summarized in Table 1.
These three layers represent the intima, media and adventitia, each having distinct constitutive models to describe their biomechanical properties.
It is assumed that the three layers of the artery have equal thickness and are bound together as one composite, though having distinct mechanical properties.
Online since: January 2013
Authors: Jenn Sen Lin, Cheng Hsing Hsu, Wen Shiush Chen, Hsin Han Tung, Yu Chuan Chen
The microwave dielectric properties of (Ca0.2Sr0.8)3Ti2O7 ceramic system have been investigated with various pressure conditions.
The (Ca0.2Sr0.8)3Ti2O7 had excellent dielectric properties: Q×f ~ 50,000 (GHz) and εr ~ 63.2 for the sample at 70 Kg/cm2.
The decrease in density may also directly affect the microwave dielectric properties of the (Ca0.2Sr0.8)3Ti2O7 ceramics.
Fig. 4 The quality factor (Q×f) value of the (Ca0.2Sr0.8)3Ti2O7 ceramics with various pressure conditions Conclusion Microwave dielectric properties of the (Ca0.2Sr0.8)3Ti2O7 with different pressure conditions were investigated.
Ohsato, Microwave Dielectric Properties of BaxLa4Ti3 + xO12 + 3x (x = 0.0–1.0) Ceramics, J.
The (Ca0.2Sr0.8)3Ti2O7 had excellent dielectric properties: Q×f ~ 50,000 (GHz) and εr ~ 63.2 for the sample at 70 Kg/cm2.
The decrease in density may also directly affect the microwave dielectric properties of the (Ca0.2Sr0.8)3Ti2O7 ceramics.
Fig. 4 The quality factor (Q×f) value of the (Ca0.2Sr0.8)3Ti2O7 ceramics with various pressure conditions Conclusion Microwave dielectric properties of the (Ca0.2Sr0.8)3Ti2O7 with different pressure conditions were investigated.
Ohsato, Microwave Dielectric Properties of BaxLa4Ti3 + xO12 + 3x (x = 0.0–1.0) Ceramics, J.
Online since: February 2019
Authors: A.M. Osipov, Yu.V. Bezgans, D.G. Lodkov
Chemical composition and mechanical properties of steels.
To study the influence of some technological factors on the formation of a welded joint, experiments were carried out on the plan of a full factorial experiment of the second kind (FFE 22).
The regression equation was constructed, taking into account the interaction of factors.
Mechanical tests showed that the relative elongation δ falls with a decrease in one of the factors (th or Pf).
The mechanical properties of the workpieces joints with different-sized cross sections obtained by conventional friction welding with an optimally chosen mode are higher than in the non-optimized mode.
To study the influence of some technological factors on the formation of a welded joint, experiments were carried out on the plan of a full factorial experiment of the second kind (FFE 22).
The regression equation was constructed, taking into account the interaction of factors.
Mechanical tests showed that the relative elongation δ falls with a decrease in one of the factors (th or Pf).
The mechanical properties of the workpieces joints with different-sized cross sections obtained by conventional friction welding with an optimally chosen mode are higher than in the non-optimized mode.
Online since: October 2015
Authors: Stefania Liuzzi, Pietro Stefanizzi
The improvement of the mechanical performances depends mainly on the following factors: type of additive (e.g wheat straw, barley straw, sawdust etc.), length and thickness of fiber, method of preparation.
Correa et al. [21] stated that the issue of poor mechanical properties for adobe bricks is caused not only by the porosity, but also by the weak bonds between particles.
Conversely, by testing hygric properties it was note that TP plaster have a better sorption capacity.
[3] OtiJ.E., Kinuthia J.M., Bai J., Engineering properties of unfired clay masonry bricks.
Allinson, Analysis of the hygrothermal functional properties of stabilised rammed earth materials.
Correa et al. [21] stated that the issue of poor mechanical properties for adobe bricks is caused not only by the porosity, but also by the weak bonds between particles.
Conversely, by testing hygric properties it was note that TP plaster have a better sorption capacity.
[3] OtiJ.E., Kinuthia J.M., Bai J., Engineering properties of unfired clay masonry bricks.
Allinson, Analysis of the hygrothermal functional properties of stabilised rammed earth materials.
Online since: March 2020
Authors: Osman Bulut, Nilgun Baydogan, Nesrin Koken, Türkan Doğan
The prepared copolymers possess the properties of elastomers.
Due to these properties, these materials have potential usage in microelectronics devices and medical devices.
Because low thermal and mechanical properties of polyethylene caused such a search [6-8].
Drug-loaded micelles without deformation are important for tissue engineering to carry drugs within the body or growth factors to protect the body from infection or tissue regeneration.
Fang, Synthesis and Properties of Poly(imide siloxane) Block Copolymers with Different Block Lengths, J.
Due to these properties, these materials have potential usage in microelectronics devices and medical devices.
Because low thermal and mechanical properties of polyethylene caused such a search [6-8].
Drug-loaded micelles without deformation are important for tissue engineering to carry drugs within the body or growth factors to protect the body from infection or tissue regeneration.
Fang, Synthesis and Properties of Poly(imide siloxane) Block Copolymers with Different Block Lengths, J.
Online since: April 2010
Authors: Khaled Hamouda, Tahar Sayah, J.P. Ankudimov, P.J. Ankudimov, Mohamed Nadjib Benallal, D. Saidi, M.A. Djema, Anatoly P. Babichev
Complex Change in Superficial Layer Properties of Specimen Obtained
by Metallurgical Powder under Vibration Process Method
Khaled Hamouda 1, a, T.
The principle of the process depends on the properties of a work-piece, which is affected by the environment and mechanical behavior, or mechanical operation by the smallest particles, smoothing of its micro-roughness and plastic deformation of a superficial layer.
Also the process conditions can be summarized by: modes of vibration, characteristic of the process, coating technology and mechanical properties of the specimen.
The role of temperature is not limited by the decrease in resistance of a material to the plastic deformation and mechanical properties of metals and alloys, also with taking into consideration the temperature effect, a brittle zone will be found as a result of low and moderate degrees of temperature.
Technical properties for the machine with a heat chamber The purpose of the experimental study is featured by forming of an anticorrosion coating metal (aluminum, zinc compositions and their alloys) on preheating the powder materials.
The principle of the process depends on the properties of a work-piece, which is affected by the environment and mechanical behavior, or mechanical operation by the smallest particles, smoothing of its micro-roughness and plastic deformation of a superficial layer.
Also the process conditions can be summarized by: modes of vibration, characteristic of the process, coating technology and mechanical properties of the specimen.
The role of temperature is not limited by the decrease in resistance of a material to the plastic deformation and mechanical properties of metals and alloys, also with taking into consideration the temperature effect, a brittle zone will be found as a result of low and moderate degrees of temperature.
Technical properties for the machine with a heat chamber The purpose of the experimental study is featured by forming of an anticorrosion coating metal (aluminum, zinc compositions and their alloys) on preheating the powder materials.
Online since: October 2018
Authors: Renat V. Gavariev, I.A. Savin
The specified layer is affected by heatstroke which intensity increases at increase in temperature of filling.
The wear at CUP is difficult process as factors cyclic hydrodynamic, temperature and physical and chemical influences are added from the filled-in fusion.
Thus, on the basis of the analysis of mechanisms of destruction of form-building elements of compression molds of LPD, it is possible to allocate the following major factors of their failure: - a grid of cracks on a form-building surface; - the through cracks getting deep into material of compression molds; - smyaty form-building elements; - mechanical wear of form-building elements of compression molds; - corrosion; - erosion; - sticking of the filled-in fusion to a form-building surface.
Savaşkan, Effects of Contact Pressure and Sliding Speed on the Unlubricated Friction and Wear Properties of Zn-15Al-3Cu-1Si Alloy, Tribology Transactions, 6(59) (2016) 1114-1121
Yang, The effect of casting temperature on the properties of squeeze cast aluminium and zinc alloys, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 140 (2003) 391-396
The wear at CUP is difficult process as factors cyclic hydrodynamic, temperature and physical and chemical influences are added from the filled-in fusion.
Thus, on the basis of the analysis of mechanisms of destruction of form-building elements of compression molds of LPD, it is possible to allocate the following major factors of their failure: - a grid of cracks on a form-building surface; - the through cracks getting deep into material of compression molds; - smyaty form-building elements; - mechanical wear of form-building elements of compression molds; - corrosion; - erosion; - sticking of the filled-in fusion to a form-building surface.
Savaşkan, Effects of Contact Pressure and Sliding Speed on the Unlubricated Friction and Wear Properties of Zn-15Al-3Cu-1Si Alloy, Tribology Transactions, 6(59) (2016) 1114-1121
Yang, The effect of casting temperature on the properties of squeeze cast aluminium and zinc alloys, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 140 (2003) 391-396