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One FBG is fixed on tested object, its wavelength is, and the other one is fixed on constructional element which has same material and temperature field, its wavelength is.
Selection of the material is crucial to the property of elastic component.
Material of the elastic component must have the feature of high elastic limit, small elastic hysteresis, corrosion resistant, good capability for machining, high fatigue limit and economical efficiency.
This project is from NSFC (Natural Science Foundation of China), number: 51074059 References [1] Cheng JianGuo, Liu XingPu, Li JunFang.
Design of three circle arc corrugated diaphragms, Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument.1983,4(4):4-6

Cooling, Microstructure, and Properties of Permanent Steel Mold Cast Wrought AZ80 Alloy with Varying Casting Wall Sizes Peilin YINGa,*, Wutian SHENb, Anita HUc and Henry HUd Department of Mechanical, Automotive and Materials Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, N9B 3P4, Canada ayingp@uwindsor.ca, bshen12a@uwindsor.ca, ca.hu@uwindsor.ca, dhuh@uwindsor.ca *Corresponding author Keywords: Wrought Mg Alloy AZ80, Permanent Steel Mold Casting, Microstructure, Properties, Numerical Simulation, Cooling, Casting Wall Size.
Experiment Procedure Material and Casting.
Acknowledgments The authors thank the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and the University of Windsor for supporting this work.
Microstructure, tensile properties and fracture behavior of HPDC magnesium alloy AZ91, International Journal of Materials, Mechanics and Manufacturing. 8(2) (2020) 50-56
Experimental study on influence of section thickness on mechanical behavior of die-cast AM60 magnesium alloy, Materials & Design. 38 (2012) 124-132

CEP 50740-560 3Department of Materials Engeneering, Federal University of Campina Grande, R.
Experimental Materials For the preparation of film, we used PBAT (poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)) produced by BASF, under the brand name: PBAT Ecoflex® F Blend C1200, Orange oil acquired from World of Oils, and Quimex chloroform PA was used as the solvent.
This rheology indicates the internal behavior of the materials [10].
The specific deformation is a measure of the elongation of the material until its rupture [20].
European Polymer Journal. 79 (2016) 82–96

Lewis, The Atom and the Molecule, Journal of the American Chemical Society, New York (1916)
Pauling, The Nature of the Chemical Bond, Journal of the American Chemical Society, New York (1931)
Martinez, in The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, Ab Inizio Multiple Spawning Dynamics Multi-State Second-Order Perturbation Theory, Washington (2009)
Konno, Advanced Material Science and Engineering of Carbon, Editors: Michio Inagaki Feiyu Kang, (2013)
Belenkov, Structure of fluorographene and its polymorphous varieties, Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1124 (2018) 022010, (2018).

Gas sensors allow for the detection of certain volatile gases released from battery constituent materials upon degradation, such as carbon dioxide (CO₂), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H₂), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
Damage to solid materials can trigger hot spots, while the gases formed act as reducing agents, causing structural instability.
Advancements in sensor materials, data processing algorithms, and system integration will continue to enhance the capabilities of gas sensors, addressing the growing need for safe and efficient energy storage devices.
Chandradass, “Design and evaluation of a Self-charging Battery electric two wheeler,” in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, IOP Publishing Ltd, Sep. 2020. doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/912/6/062002
Saadoune, “Thermal stability of Lithium-ion batteries: Case study of NMC811 and LFP cathode materials,” Mater.

In addition, the country has also taken out more than 10 billion RMB to support the research & development and industrialization of advanced technologies in the fields of PV power, networking wind power, solar heater, hydrogen energy and fuel cells, through science & research breakthrough programs, 863 program, 973 program and industrial plans.
EMC will sign energy-saving contract with those who are willing to undertake energy saving transformation and invest in users' energy conservation projects, providing customers a one-stop system from energy efficiency auditing, energy saving project design, raw materials and equipment procurement, construction, monitoring, training to operation management and sharing with users the energy saving efficiency produced by project implementation for gains and rolling development [14].
Song Qing-Hua [J].journal of talent and 2009, (6)
Beijing science press, 2008:75-110 [11] Shen Xiao-Gang.
Chinese science and technology wealth. 2006 (04) : 25.26 [22] Babir Hano Sustainable Energy Production and Consumption j Netherlands: [J] Springer, 2008:171-183 [23] Thomas Bruckner, Robbie Morrison, Chris Handley.

Mathematical Model Incorporated Fractal Geometry and Permeability of Compressed Peanut and Sesame for Oil Extraction Xiao Zheng1, a, Jingzhou Wang1, b,Guoxiang Lin1, c, Zhixian Sun 1, d, Donping He2, e 1Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China 2Institute of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China azhengxiao580405@163.com, bwangjingzhou@yahoo.com,clinguoxiang@whpu.edu.cn, dszx13@126.com,ehedp123456@163.com Keywords: oilseed cake, microstructures, permeability, fractal geometry, fractal dimension.
Acknowledgements Funds for this research was provided by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (31071627) and Natural Sciences Foundation of Hubei Province (2007ABA286).
[3] A.Majumdar, B.Bhushan: Journal of Tribology. vol 112(1990), p.205-216
[8] Zheng Xiao, Wang Jingzhou, Lin Guoxiang, Wan Nong, He Donping:Applied Mechanics and Materials. vols.29-32(2010),p.269-274.

Thirdly, “high technology” is also different from so-called "technology of experience", it is based on scientific discoveries not experience accumulation, the development and application of high technology which represent front or even unknown filed of science and technology include higher failure probability, any technological immaturity, organizing setbacks and capital shortage in the lab experiment, bench scale trial or small-scale production, can lead to failure of the whole project.
Producing Risks Due to spin-off nature and multiple functional purpose of high technology, most of the high-tech spin-offs are miniaturized and usually at exploratory starting up phase, relatively less raw material consumption may increase unit production cost and made the enterprises in disadvantageous bargaining position when making purchases.
Modern science and technology development by leaps and bounds continuously makes people's skills obsolete, talents master up-to-date technology and management skills are always target human resource enterprises fight over, therefore high-tech enterprises face high brain drain risk, e.g., In 2009, dimission rate of high-tech enterprises in China has reached 18.3%, which is the highest in 19 industries investigated, while people engaged in R&D job show even higher dimission rate of 26.6%. [2] F.
Acknowledgment The authors thank for sponsorship of Social Science Foundation of Shandong Province (grant number (09BJGJ15).
[5] Hans Landström, Hans Crijns, Eddy Laveren, and David Smallbone, Entrepreneurship, Sustainable Growth And Performance: Frontiers in European Entrepreneurship Research, Massachusetts: Edward Elgar Publishing Inc., 2008 [6] Morten Steffensen, Everett M Rogers and Kristen Speakman, Spin-offs from Research Centers at a Research University, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol.15, 1998, p. 93–111.

The structure diagram of micro-heater and micro temperature sensor of PCR microchip Using the copper as the material of temperature sensor, the main reason is that copper has stable physical and chemical properties, close to the linear input-output characteristics, and it can be easy to integrate with the double spiral copper micro-heater.
According to the resistance formula of homogeneous material, ，the resistance of flexible snake like copper wire temperature sensor is about 3.14Ω at 20℃.
Acknowledgement This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 61263030, the Science Research Program of Eduation Bureau of Hubei Province under Grant No.
D20101903, the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province, Grant No. 2010CDB00901 and No. 2010CDB00902.
IEEE Sensors Journal, Vol. 8(2008), p. 558 [10] J.B.

The dynamic monitoring system for the complex machinery is an effective technical measure to guarantee the reliability and safety, as well as an urgent demand for major engineering construction and the development of science and technology .
Acknowledgments This work is supported by the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (Grant No. 20120143110017), the Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province of China (Grant No. 2013CFA044), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant Nos. 2012-IV-092 and 2013-VII-001).
International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture. 47 (2007): 53-62
Key Engineering Materials, 2 (2007): 1357-1360
[8] Yu Ren, Lu Gubing, Lu Feng: A method of rotation transformation for 3D object by changing camera attributes in WPF [C]// 2010 2nd International Conference on Information Engineering and Computer Science.