Search results

Biodiesel blended with higher mixture ratios show significant reduction in PN emissions for accumulated modes, and particulate number emission peaks move towards smaller sizes; but little change was obtained in PN emissions for nuclei modes with its particulate size of peak sustains around 10nm.
The sizer can obtain a complete size distribution spectrum within 0.1 s and output the data of the particle number and size distribution of 32 particle channels synchronously. 2.
At the same time, biodiesel blends with higher mixture ratios show significant reduction in PN emissions for accumulated modes; compared to BD0, the PN emission peak of accumulated modes when the bus fueled with BD100 decreased respectively by 57%, 69%, 71% and 82% under idle, low-speed, medium-speed and high-speed conditions, and the PN emission peaks move towards smaller sizes; It’s mainly due to the increase of oxygen content and Hexadecane value of the fuel as a result of the mixture ratio increasing of the biodiesel.
(3) In the same velocity or acceleration range, biodiesel blends with higher mixture ratios show significant reduction in PN emissions for accumulated modes, particulate number emission peaks move towards smaller sizes; but little change was obtained in PN emissions for nuclei modes and its particulate size of peak sustains around 10nm, under medium-speed and high-speed conditions, the PN emissions of nuclei modes on the bus fueled with BD100 are more than BD0.

For example, Gui, et al [9] found that horseradish peroxidase (HRP) activity exhibited a maximum reduction of nearly 90% at 30Mpa and 55˚C for 60 min, Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in cloudy apple juice could be inactivated with SCCO2 with a decimal reduction time (D value) of 145 min at 30 MPa and 55˚C.
The D value, or decimal reduction time was the treatment time needed for 90% inactivation of initial activity at a given pressure.
Maximum reduction of PPO and POD activities by approximately 49% and 47%, respectively, was achieved by 65˚C for 60 min.
The data in Table 1 were fitted to Eq.(1) and (2), yielding D values of 544, 389, 304, 207 minutes for PPO and 576, 461, 288, 209 minutes for POD following treatment at 35, 45, 55 and 65˚C, respectively.
A maximum reduction in PPO and POD activities of approximately 80% was achieved by treatment at 35 M Pa and 65˚C for 60 min.

The moment at which necking at this node occurs can be estimated by the time at which the second derivative of the thickness reduction reaches a maximum (see Fig. 4).
It can be observed that the acceleration of thickness reduction reaches its maximum value at a time equal to 345.5 s (step 60) (see Fig. 4c).
Figure 4: a) Thickness reduction history data of the node of interest indicated in Fig. 2b, b) first derivative of thickness reduction history data and c) second derivative Figure 5: a) Part geometry at two forming stages (step 40 and 60), b) Circumferential (parallel to the tool movement direction) and radial strains (perpendicular to this feed direction) of the node of interest indicated in Fig. 2b Figure 6: a) X is the projected length of the contact zone which can be experimentally determined by: X=r( sinγ+sin β) where r is a tool radius, β and γ angles are the forming angle and the angle between the tool axis and the last contact point for the measured profile respectively, b) Simulated size of the contact zone calculated from the FE submodelling technique (1.2 mm thick AA3003-O alloy, scallop height: 18.5µm, tool diameter: 10 mm), and c) Simulated size of the contact zone using coarse mesh.
The selection of 20 mm “forward offset”, results in a reduction of the maximum forming temperature from 300 °C to about 140 °C.
This reduction in the forming forces is due to the stress relief annealing and removal of the effects of strain hardening on the SPIF parts.

A maximum reduction in cross-sectional area of 50% was achieved for the AISI 1018 stainless steel with a draw velocity of 12.7mm/min.
Alexander and Turner’s [15] dieless drawing machine achieved reductions in cross-sectional area of approximately 75% while Kobatake et al. [16] invented a continuous dieless drawing machine, and achieved successful draws at velocities of up to 4m/min for a 0.4%C steel with a 32% reduction in crosssectional area.
The extension pin of the load-cell was kept away from the specimen and the heater by incorporating a long bar, the top of which was the new datum for the pin.
The Qmat software provided the stress-strain data required.
(b) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 600 650 690 710 Temperature Strain [%] AISI 01 HT AISI 01 The data recorded in Fig. 6(a), will be useful in the labview front-end parameter control of the dieless drawing machine.

The matrix transforms a map represented in the map space , into a map described in the map data-space .
Mobile Robot Decisions Making There two sets of data.
The data sets consisted of four input variables and four input variables: Table 1.
There are two sets of data.
The data sets consisted of four input variables and four output variables.

Introduction From the analysis of literature data it follows that preparation of contact surfaces before cold cladding is one of the most important technological operations.
The relative reduction during cladding affects the bonding strength of bimetal layers, the nature of the microstructure, the size of the recrystallized grains, the mechanical properties of the strip, the dimensional accuracy [4].
From the processing of experimental data, the following regression equation was obtained with an error of not more than 3.5%: εc=0,580-0,0308T0-0,0628HpH
It is established that the degree of reduction during cladding, providing a reliable connection of steel and brass, is reduced to 45…50% [2].
Savin, Calculation of the Amount of the Reduction Required for the Formation of Compound Layers during Cold Rolling of Bimetals, Materials Science Forum, 870 (2016) 328-333.

In accordance with statistical data, it is assured that finally that hot water system designs that water-usage number is 504, and hot water consumption norm is 60L/people.
Emission reduction of carbon dioxide According to the formula[4]: ＱＣＯ2=（∆Ｑｓａｖ×n）×（W×Eff）×FＣＯ2×44/12 (2) In the formula (2),ＱＣＯ2 is carbon dioxide emission reductions / kg,W is standard coal calorific value / MJ / kg, n is compute cycles / year,FＣＯ2 is carbon emission factor of the auxiliary energy / kg carbon / kg of standard coal.The emission reduction of carbon dioxide of every househood per year which can be calculated:ＱＣＯ2=417.5kg.
There are totally 224 families on 3# floor of the 28th floor Heron habitat garden in Panzhihua area, whose total carbon dioxide emission reduction per year is nearly 93.5 tons.
Conclusions (1) Based on questionnarie on hot water usage of residents in planned district, average daily heat water usage amount statistical data of three kinds of working conditions of winter, spring and fall and summer can be obtained, which provides relative accurate reference basis for solar hot water system of high-rise buildings
(4) Economy profit and later benefit of energy conservation and emission reduction produced by the system application

. - Positioning data about materials visibly and preferably directly on the product.* - Providing information to the user about the correct disposal of the product.* - Identifying materials according to ISO14021:1999.* - Providing additional information such as number of recycling made ​​or additives used in the composition of the materials.
The changes made in the new design allowed the reduction of 77.5% of consumption of polyethylene in packaging for ampoule in respect of products evaluated and a reduction of 20% of the paper used and 25% of the volume of the external packaging.
These benefits can be further extended to reduce consumption of transportation, especially to the ampoule that is flat and thin when empty, providing a significant reduction in logistics costs, since the distribution among manufacturing companies, to collect the material after disposal.
This reduction in consumption still allowing the material produced ceases to be reprocessed for reuse, ensuring the maintenance of its physical and mechanical properties for the manufacture of other products requiring raw material of better quality.
Table 2 shows data from the evaluated packages and the new packaging developed.

Introduction There are lots of stochastic and uncertain phenomena in engineering fields, e.g. data sampled from mountains, seas and rocks etc. geographical data with measurement errors, data reduction, and modeling errors have property of uncertainty.
The stochastic data, uncertain data and fuzzy data are called uncertain data totally for convenience in this paper.
Processing uncertain data is a major problem in data analysis, modeling and simulation.
In this paper, if there is data, whose left fuzzy number isand right fuzzy number is, for any data, is a reasonable data, then plots it, otherwise delete.
An experimental data [8], of which data are uncertain is applied to simulate rocks.

Result obtain was compared with past experiment data.
Introduction In order to ensure better fuel economy, reduction of noise pollution and instability on a moving vehicle, a proper understanding of shape design for vehicles must be done to lower the lift coefficient and the drag coefficient of a vehicle.
Figure 3.4 : Comparisons of lift and drag coefficient for the three designated design at velocity of 34 m/s Summary The possibility of substantial drag reduction is by understanding the proper treatment for inlet of front grill and comparing it to the flow under the body.