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For example, safety factors S = 3 − 10 are provided for slender structures critical to bucking, [6].
However, actual critical strength Fcr may show a higher variance over time caused by many factors like scatter in components properties, e.g. deviations in stiffness or capacity of piezo actuators.
represents the properties of the real active column system.
This is achieved by engagingTab. 1: Properties of the built active column system Geometric properties Material properties Boundary conditions / Mech. properties L = 300 mm Aluminium: AlMg3 pinned end at x = L B = 20 mm E = 70 kN/mm2 clamped base at x = 0 H = 1 mm ρ = 2660 kg/m3 Pl in N, constant at x = L, x-direction Ld = 168 mm θ = 0.01 Sensor positions at x = Ls and Ld, z-direction Ls = 100 mm Fa in N, active force at x = La, z-direction La = 10 mm a usage monitoring system to identify the axial load P and by active stabilisation control.
Numerical values of geometrical and material properties of the column system are taken from tab. and fig. 3.

Making comparison and analysis in the experiment and considering the actual production factors such as cost, working efficiency and product quality standard, it is concluded that laser power being 1900 w, laser scanning speed 6mm/s, spot size 3×15 mm2, focal length being 305mm, the surface of the material quality can meet the requirements of industrial production, laser surface quenched layer becomes harder, good abrasion resistance on the surface of the material is obtained.
（1） H—Depth, P—Power, D—Spot diameter, V—scanning speed The above equation shows that the depth of laser quenching modified layer is proportional to the laser power; in laser transformation hardening process, other factors fixed, the greater the laser power, the deeper the depth of the modified layer[2].
Experiment Experimental material The experimental material is Germany grades GGG70L nodular cast iron, chemical composition shown in Table 1, the mechanical properties shown in Table 2.
Tab 1 The chemical composition of GGG70L steel (Mass fraction, %) C Si Mn P S Cu Ni Mo Mg 3.3～3.8 2.1～2.4 0.4～0.7 ≦0.05 ≦0.01 0.7～1.1 0.8～1.1 0.4～0.6 ≧0.04 Tab 2 Mechanical properties of GGG70L steel material Tensile Strength（N/mm2） Hardness（HB） Hardness after quenching (HRC) GGG70L ≧700 220～270 ≥50 Experimental method The sample is processed into a size of 10mm×15mm×50mm and its surface is wiped by alcoholic swab for smoothness and cleanness.
Effect of Sulfurizing Layer on Tribological Properties of Netted Laser-quenching Surface [J].

The analysis on anchorage performances and affecting factors of resin bolts were the hot spots in the field of mining at home and abroad.
Conclusions (1)The rock strength was one of the affecting factors, and it had great influence on anchorage performance of resin anchored bolt.
[7] Franklin JA, Wood field PR: Comparison of a polyester resin and a mechanical rock bolt anchor.
[10] Qianli Cui: Study on Anchorage Performance and Influence Factors of Resin Bolt.
(In Chinese) [11] Bin Hu: Study on Mechanical Properties of Resin Capsules for Full-length Pre-stressed Anchor Bolts.

A modified wear law is implemented to calculate wear profile, which is affected strongly by the initial surface topology.
In modern industry, the designer is commonly restricted by the requirement that mechanical elements, like gears, bearings and cams etc., should carry high loads with both size and weight kept to minimum.
It is difficult to have an accurate quantitative expression for wear because of the many factors affecting it.
These factors include macroscopic and microscopic material properties, operating conditions and environmental conditions.
Conclusions The wear phenomenon is a very complicated mechanical process, it has been affected by many factors.

The oligo-PEG, with small coil size, can be easily penetrated into mesopores of TiO2 photoelectrode, while the mechanical stability of the SPE can also be maintained by crosslinking.
The factor of weight ratio of CA cross linker in the hybrid plays an important role in determining the intersegmental distance and free volume of the polymer matrix, which sequentially affects the electrochemical activity of the conductive ions and then the ionic conductivity of the polymer electrolyte.
The oligo-PEG, with small coil size, can be easily penetrated into mesopores of TiO2 photoelectrode, while the mechanical and thermal stabilities of the SPE can also be maintained by crosslinking.
The Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and AC electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used to determine the electrochemical properties of the SPEs at room temperature by a PARSTAT2273 Advanced Electrochemical System (Princeton, America).
The weight ratio of CA affected the molecular aggregation structure of the synthesized polymer matrix.

Introduction Cutting force is produced to overcome the extrusion and friction between work piece and scraps from cutting tool in the machining process.The value of cutting force is one important factor that affects the machining quality,meanwhile influences the milling temperature remarkably,which would affect the life-time of the cutter directly.Therefore,it has great significancy to study the influence of cutting force owing to factors of cutting parameters.
(3) In the formula(3): is shearing strength of friction; is shear strength of work material; is normal stress; is the friction factor. 2.4 Remeshing technology With the growth of distortion, material initial mesh of will experience serious distortion, thus reducing the solving precision.
Establishment of FEM model and simulation of cutting process 3.1 Establishment of milling model The 3D milling cutter blade built is shown in Fig.1,material mechanical properties are shown in table 1.
Tab.1 Mechanical Parameters of blade Taking physical model of blade to lead milling module, which is just as shown in Fig.2.
Fig.1 Milling cutter blade Fig.2 The blade through dividing grid Fig.3 The figure of milling model Tab.1 Mechanical Properties of blade material elasticity modulus/GPa Poisson's ratio coefficient of heat conductivity/(W/m•k) blade PCBN 680~815 0.15~0.22 44~100 In order to ensure simulational precision, gridding partition of the blade is set as 20000,which ia as shown in Fig.2. 3.2 Simulation result analysis Calculate the DB file of pre-procelling[5],the milling simulative model is as shown in Fig.3.

Taitung 95045, Taiwan 3 Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Taitung College.
The study combines the UV/TiO2 and an ultrasonic procedure to degrade the azo dye wastewater of Acid Yellow 17 and investigates the effects of various factors including the quantities of TiO2 and iron ions added on the efficiency of the removal of the azo dye wastewater of Acid Yellow 17.
The analysis of the catalyst properties indicates that there are no evident changes of the appearance of the crystal and TiO2 catalyst when UV/TiO2 is combined with ultrasonic procedures.
The properties of these dyes usually contain more than one aromatic structure.
Results and Discussion Analysis of the Properties of the Photocatalyst Fig. 2 illustrates the XRD spectrums of the TiO2 photocatalyst.

The results showed that the annealing temperature was a main effect factor on the properties of Ti-IF steel.
The annealing process is a critical factor affecting mechanical properties of IF steel cold-rolled sheet.
Although long held time from 0.5h-8h(Fig.5(a)-(e)) heat temperature was considered as a main factor affacting grain size.

Mechanical Properties of Nanocrystalline Cu and Cu-Zn Using Tensile and Shear Punch Tests J.M.Tao a, X.K.Zhu a , P.Z.Wong b, R.O.
Shear punch test (SPT) has been used to study the mechanical properties of Cu, Cu-10 wt.% Zn, Cu-20 wt.% Zn and Cu-30 wt.% Zn after ball milling with an average grain size in the range of 33-12nm.
Introduction Mechanical properties and plastic deformation characteristics of metals and alloys are strongly dependent upon their micro- and nanoscale structural characteristics.
In order to obtain the real mechanical properties and understand the plastic deformation mechanism of nc material, samples with theoretical density must be prepared to eliminate the effects of preexisting flaws, such as porosity, weak inter-particle bonding and chemical impurities.
The objects of this work are threefold: First, using SPT to calculate the values of *V and m of Cu, Cu-10%Zn, Cu-20%Zn and Cu-30%Zn prepared by high energy ball milling with nano grains; Second, to discuss the deformation mechanism of nc metals with the change of m and *V obtained through SPT; Third, to compare the mechanical properties of Cu, Cu-10%Zn, Cu-20%Zn and Cu-30%Zn to discuss the effects of deformation twins on the mechanical properties.

Introduction The growth of technique and technology in mechanical engineering entails the desire to use the most efficient and effective mechanical processing methods.
Oxide-carbide cutting ceramics combine the properties of both ceramic and metal constituents.
The above-mentioned properties define the main area of use of cutting ceramics - finish treatment under conditions of a technological system with increased rigidity.
Cutting ceramic composition: 1 - aluminum oxide (Аl2О3); 2 - refractory metal carbides (TiС, WC, MoC) The main factors affecting the cutting properties of ceramic cutting inserts are the microstructural parameters of the material, which include the number, distribution pattern and size of carbide inclusions.
The more ceramic grains are distributed over the area of ceramic plates and the smaller their size, the better the cutting properties and performance of the tool material [1-3].