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The third ingredient of the model is the database containing all the physical and cost related information on the materials and structural parts that can be implemented into the building during refurbishment.
For higher values of CR the global cost enters its growing phase, implying that the quality of the building envelope can not be improved beyond limit with the available materials in the database.Fig. 2: Cost-optimization of a building.
Norford: Genetic algorithms for optimization of building envelopes and the design and control of HVAC systems, Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, vol. 125, pp. 343-351 (2003)
Szalay: An Expert System for Optimizing the Retrofit of Building Envelopes Proceedings of the 39th IAHS World Congress on Housing Sciences 17-20 September 2013, Milan, Italy (2013)

The CAD model of the clamping mechanism Table 1 The material of the component of the clamping unit material Elastic modulus/GPa Poisson's ratio density/10-3g.mm-3 clamping mechanism QT500-7A 173 0.27 7.3 Analysis of Numerical Simulation The 3d model of the clamping mechanism was established by the software of Pro/E4.0 and imported in software of ADAMS by the data interface.
The material of clamping machenism was QT500-7A.
The material characteristics was shown in table 1.
Journal of Guangxi Institute of Technology (In Chinese),2005,16(4):19~26
Mechanical Science and Technology, 2002,(21): 387-389, [10] B Simeon.

Science Research and Technical Development Project (CSCEC-2010-Z-14).
[4] Hong Qi Chen, Run Qiu Huang, and Jian Bing Pen: Journal of Engineering Geology (In Chinese), Vol.11 (04) (2003), p. 343
In: Advanced Building Materials (Part 2), Advanced Materials Research Vols. 250-253(2011), edited by Guang Fan Li, Yong Huang and Chao He Chen.

Acknowledgements This project is financially supported by technology innovation action plan “Intelligent manufacturing and advanced materials domain”of Shanghai.
Chen: Mechanical Science and Technology(In Chinese), Vol. 12(2006) No. 12, p. 1447-1450 [2] L.C.
Sun: Journal of Aerospace Power(In Chinese), Vol. 4(2009) No. 24 [5] L.C.
Zhao: Key Engineering Materials(In Chinese), (2011) p.480-481:599-604 [7] Z.Y.

Introduction AISI 440C martensitic stainless steel is widely used as a bearing material because of its good mechanical property as well as high corrosion resistant performance.
As an effective surface modification technique, ion implantation has many unique advantages to improve the surface properties of various materials [2-4].
Material and Methods The original AISI 440C stainless steels, with a chemical composition of C 0.96 wt.%, Cr 18 wt.%, Si 0.8wt.%, Mn 0.7wt.%, Ni 0.58wt.%, S 0.03wt.%, P 0.035wt.% and Fe as the balance, were used as the experimental samples.
Acknowledgements The work was supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China under Grant No.51075004 and No.50975004 and Funding Project for Academic Human Resources Development in Institutions of Higher Learning under the Jurisdiction of Beijing Municipality (Grant No.
Masuko, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology, Vol. 224 (2010), p. 957 [18]K.W.

The industrial waste water are waste water, sewage and waste liquid discharged in the process of industrial production, and due to the influences of factors such as products, raw materials, medicament, industrial flow and operation conditions and etc., the composition of pollutants in the industrial waste water are relatively complicated and the pollution is serious.
After beginning of the 1980s, due to the industrial development and rapid increasing of urban population in lake area, large amount of oxygen consumption substance, nutritive materials and poisonous substance are discharged into the lakes, which causes eutrophication of the water body, and the natural purification ability of lakes reduced, the dissolved oxygen in the lake reduced continuously, categories of other aquatic animals and benthos in the water body also reduced accordingly, the biomass was reduced, replaced by the floating vegetation (alga), and finally formed the eutrophic type water ecological system composed mainly of alga [6].
[4] Yuwei He, and Huige Xing: The status quo and countermeasures of our country’s urban water pollution, Water Conservancy Science and Economy, 2006 (1): 44-45.
[7] Yixin Lu, and Feng Ouyang: Water environment protection and economic development research, Journal of Jiangxi Finance College, 2006 (S1): 71-72.

Materials and Methods: Samples of imported latex orthodontic elastics [Ormco(USA), G&H (USA), Creative Orthodontics (China), Tomy Elastics (Japan)]were selected to compare their dimensional characteristics and mechanical properties with Thai non latex elastics.
Materials and methods Materials: Five manufacturers of orthodontic elastics were chosen: four commercial latex elastics, i.e.
Journal of Applied Polymer science. 2001;81(3):710-8

These materials consist of biopolymers (naturally derived) along with a mixture of man-made components containing 1-D at the nanoscale.
Ruiz-Hitzky, Bionanocomposites: A new concept of ecological, bioinspired, and functional hybrid materials, Adv.
Materials, and S.
Fisher, Lithium and sodium battery cathode materials: Computational insights into voltage, diffusion and nanostructural properties, Chem.
[44] Sarvesh Kumar Gupta and Abhishek Kumar Gupta, Experimental and Computational Study of Lithium Salt‑/Plastic Crystal‑Assisted Ionogels, Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering. 47 (2020) 935–947

Accordingly, based on the whole process of guaranteeing product quality, taking into account the actual situation of the manufacturing industry, the paper proposes that evaluation index system for product quality competence will be constructed through taking core factors such as customers and market, product development, production arrangements, apparatus, raw materials, methods, personnel, corporate performance, etc.
Table 1 The chart of the evaluation index system for product quality competence Evaluation objective Evaluation factor fi Evaluation index si Product quality competence index PQCI Customers and market f1 Knowledge of customers and market s1 Customer relation s2 Product development f2 Product standard levels3 Ability of applying new technology s4 Quantity of patents s5 production arrangements f3 Process development s6 Process advancement s7 Supplier selection s8 Corporate performance f4 rate of one-time sampling qualified products s9 Rate of qualified sampled products under government supervision s10 Market share s11 Customers’ satisfaction s12 Apparatus f5 Apparatus maintenance s13 Apparatus calibration s14 Raw materials f6 Supplier controls15 Raw material quality s16 Methods f7 Processing methods s17 calibration method s18 Statistical process control application s19 Poka yoke application s20 Personnel f8 Operators’ technical level s21 Operator training extent s22 In the real operation
Evaluation index si Average of experts’ scores qi Index weight wi 1 Knowledge of customers and markets s1 9.80 5.05 2 Customer relationship s2 9.53 4.91 3 Product standardization s3 9.27 4.78 4 New technology application s4 9.00 4.64 5 Patent quantity s5 7.87 4.05 6 Process development s6 9.07 4.67 7 Process advancement s7 8.73 4.50 8 Supplier selection s8 9.07 4.67 9 rate of one-time sampling qualified products s9 9.47 4.88 10 Rate of qualified sampled products under government supervision s10 9.40 4.85 11 Market share s11 9.33 4.81 12 Customers’ satisfaction s12 9.20 4.74 13 Apparatus maintenance s13 8.67 4.47 14 Apparatus calibration s14 8.93 4.60 15 Supplier controls15 8.73 4.50 16 Raw material quality s16 9.13 4.71 17 Processing methods s17 8.87 4.57 18 calibration method s18 8.33 4.30 19 Statistical process control application s19 7.07 3.64 20 Poka yoke application s20 7.33 3.78 21 Operators’ technical level s21 8.87 4.57 22 Operator training extent s22 8.33 4.30 Determine the weight
Acknowledgement This work is supported by Jiangsu Provincial Department of Education Fund of Philosophy and Social Science “Study on the Situation of Product Quality Competence of Manufacturing Enterprises in Suzhou, Wuxi and Changzhou and its Countermeasures” (08SJD6300055).
Lu: Journal of Tianjin University (Social Science), Vol.1 (2008), p.24-29

Materials Applications Oxides Alumina Ball heads and inserts for THR bearings.
Selected behavior of bioinert ceramic materials.
[7] M.Vila, Carbon-based Materials in Biomedicine, in: M.
Hashmi (Editor-in-chief), Reference Module in Materials Science and Materials Engineering, Elsevier, Oxford, 2016, pp. 1-8
Sandri, New materials for dental implantology, Key Eng Mater 750(2017)189-194