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It maybe caused by different material model in analyzing process.
At the beginning of design, target displacement can be determined by requirement of material strain through formula above.
Concrete material is simulated by Mander model and hysteretic model is Takeda model.
Deformation limit states for circular reinforced concrete bridge columns [J].Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE,2000, 126(8): 869-878
Journal of Structural Engineering,ASCE,Vol.114,No.8,1988,1804-1826

However, when using the explicit solver in the procedure, the beam element is lack of concrete material model which could be applied to 3-D analysis effectively, the author established an applicable Scott-Kent-Park concrete material model subroutine through secondary development [7], and made some comparative analysis on columns and shear walls under low cyclic test and frame-shear wall structure shaking table test, which has verified the validity of the secondary developed material subroutine.
[5] Liu Jianxin: Journal of Building Structures.
[6] Zhuang zhuo, Zhang fan, Qin Song, et al: ABAQUS nonlinear finite element analysis and examples (Science Press, China 2005)
[7] Li Yingmin, Chen Weixian, Han Jun: Development of concrete material subroutines based on ABAQUS three-dimensional beam element.
[10] Yang Pu, Li Yingmin, Wang Yayong, et al: Journal of Building Structures.

Materials and Methods Sample Collection.
The reagents used in analysis were all guaranteed ones, and the water used were all ultra-pure water, and for all analysis processes the soil reference materials for national standard (GSS-1) were added for quality control, and the results were in line with the quality controlling requirements.
Glegg, Fluxes and retention of trace metals in the Humber Estuary, Estuarine, Coastal Shelf Science, 44 (1997) 97-105
Wu, Evaluation on the potential ecological risk for the river mouths around Bohai bay, Research of Environmental Sciences, 15 (2002) 33-37.
Wang, Background value of soil heavy metal in the Three Gorges Reservoir District, Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 16 (2008) 848-852.

Review of these examples clearly highlights a lack of relevant automotive component studies that conduct thorough geometric analysis of components formed from industry relevant materials.
Material Choice.
Material Flow Stress.
Bertol, Manufacture of accurate titanium cranio-facial implants with high forming angle using single point incremental forming, in Key Engineering Materials, 549 (2013) 223–230, doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.549.223
Ou, Evaluation of deformation stability and fracture mechanism in incremental sheet forming, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 125, no.

Material properties.
Mechanical properties of the material.
Material Elastic Modulus (GPa) Poisson's ratio unit weight (kN/m3) Concrete(C50) 34.5 0.2 24 Steel 210 0.3 78 Reinforced concrete 43.275 0.2 25 Soil layer 0.0135 0.34 17.5 Mathematical model.
Journal of Railway Science and Engineering, 2015, 12（6）:1427-1435.
FE sub-model method for seismic response analysis of orifice region in arch dams[J] Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2014, 33(03):216-222+238.

It generates multiple available architectural models and solutions through dynamic visualization of data (such as specified geographical constraints, materials to be used, and geometric limitations) to meet pre-established design goals and user requirements [2].
Materials Today: Proceedings, 70, 687-693
Journal of Building Engineering, 71, 106527
International Journal of Engineering Sciences, 19

Introduction Both supply and utilization modes in connection with living energy in a rural area are intimately related to its ecology as to have evolved into a primary issue meriting attention in environics, science of resources, and economics [1,2].
The sampling community ought to prioritize, solar energy, which is extremely abundant, and, biomass energy (methane), which expediently draws on local materials like straws, stalks and manures.
Science New Series, Vo1.192, No.11(1976), p. 123-141
Journal of Natural Resources, Vol.18, No.1 (2003), p81-86
Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, Vol.16 (2008), p.1279-1282.

A Novel Self-healing Optical Fiber Network Zhi Zhou1, a, Jianping He1, b, Jinping Ou1, c, Hai Xiao2, d 1 School of Civil Engineering , Dalian University of Technology ,Dalian, China 2 Dept. of Electrical and Computer Eng,Missouri University of Science and Tech.Rolla, USA azhouzhi@dlut.edu.cn; bhejianping_hit@163.com; coujinping@dlut.edu.cn;dxiaoha@mst.edu Keywords: Optical fiber sensor; Spider Orb-Web; Self-healing optical fiber-sensing network; Structural health monitoring; Hybrid OF system .
Highly durable materials are used to package and to protect bare OF sensors against the poor shear resistance of bare OFs, which have long working lives and a strong capability to survive disasters [8–9].
Acknowledgment This paper is financially supported by the National Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 50978079, 61040031, and 51108065.
Ryutaro, “Self-Healing ATM Networks Based on Virtual Path Concept”, IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS, vol.12, no.1, pp.120-127, 1994
Kao, “A delta-star-based multipoint fiber Bragg grating sensor network”, IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL, vol.11, no.4, pp.875-881, 2011.

Performance of two-chambered Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) at different pH anode microenvironment using Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) as substrate Aina Mardhiyah Jalilluddin1,a, Tay Chia-Chay 2,b Suhaimi Abdul-Talib3,c 1,3Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, MALAYSIA 2Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Arau, Perlis, MALAYSIA 1,3Bioremediation Research Center (myBioREC), Institute for Infrastructure and Sustainable Management (IIESM) aainamardhiyah_amj1726@yahoo.com; btaychiay@gmail.com; cecsuhaimi@salam.uitm.edu.my Keywords: electricity generation; MFC; POME; pH; wastewater treatment Abstract.
This high result is closely related to MFC setup and materials, namely, single chamber and platinum [21] and dual-chamber and Nafion 117 [20].
Sarma, Behavior of single chambered mediatorless microbial fuel cell (MFC) at acidophilic, neutral and alkaline microenvironments during chemical wastewater treatment, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 34(17) (2009) 7547–7554
Ghoreyshi, Bioconversion of whey to electrical energy in a biofuel cell using Saccharomyces cerevisiae, World Applied Sciences Journal. 8 (2010) 01-05

There are rich mineral resources, including: ferrous metals, nonferrous metals, fuel minerals, building materials, chemical raw materials, geothermal and mineral water and other resources.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the Sichuan Science & Technology Pillar Program (2008SZ0158).
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