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Biogas refers to a gas, primarily of methane and carbon dioxide, produced by the anaerobic digestion or fermentation of biodegradable materials such as manure or sewage, municipal waste, energy crops etc in the absence of oxygen [2].
Biogas, a renewable energy carrier consisting mainly of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) and some traces such as hydrogen (H2), oxygen (O2) hydrogen sulfide (H2S), is the end-product of the anaerobic digestion of organic material [4,5].
The raw material for the biogas is from cow dung.
Shih, From biogas energy, biotechnolgy to new agriculture, World’s Poultry Science Journal. 68 (2012) 409-416

Methodology Materials.
The piezoelectric material used was a Macro Fiber Composite (MFCs) from Smart Material Corporation, USA, which consists of aligned piezoelectric fibers with an interdigitated electrode to direct the applied electric field along the fiber axis.
Kim: Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, Vol. 39A (2008), p. 697
Wilkie: Journal of Aircraft Vol. 44 (2007) p.1069

Nowadays, the evolution of the electronics and new materials has provided the use of low cost unmanned aerial platforms (UAVs), which permit to obtain aerial images to derive competitive geomatics products in the different reverse engineering fields.
Materials and methods 2.1.
Journal of Archaeological Science 36 (2009) 100-109 [8] W.

Buchanan: "Ion implantation of surgical Ti-6Al-4V alloy," Materials Science and Engineering Vol. 69 (1985), pp. 237-246 [3] E.J.
Mock: Ceramic and refractory coating, Materials engineering Vol. 80 (6) (1974), pp. 101- 108 [6] H.J.
Chason, et al: "Ion beams in silicon processing and characterization", Journal of Applied Physics Vol. 81 No. 10 (1997), pp. 6513-6561

Methods 2.1 Biomass Sample The wood chip material obtained from furniture factory, with rubber wood as the main component was used for this study.
The carbon conversion efficiency presents the amount of carbon in the biomass material converted into gases shown in equation below.
Ash content (wt. %) for rice husk was slightly higher than those found in woody biomass materials.
Journal of Applied Science 9, pp2294-2300

The materials of expanding sleeve are usually spring steels of 65, 65Mn, 55Cr2, 60Cr2, etc [117].
In the meanwhile, the weight and cost would be increased, which is a waste of materials.
Study on Parallel Axis Piezoelectric Six-component Force Sensor, Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering. 2010, 46(11): 62-68
Liaoning Science and Technology Press. 2004. 3

It maybe caused by different material model in analyzing process.
At the beginning of design, target displacement can be determined by requirement of material strain through formula above.
Concrete material is simulated by Mander model and hysteretic model is Takeda model.
Deformation limit states for circular reinforced concrete bridge columns [J].Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE,2000, 126(8): 869-878
Journal of Structural Engineering,ASCE,Vol.114,No.8,1988,1804-1826

However, when using the explicit solver in the procedure, the beam element is lack of concrete material model which could be applied to 3-D analysis effectively, the author established an applicable Scott-Kent-Park concrete material model subroutine through secondary development [7], and made some comparative analysis on columns and shear walls under low cyclic test and frame-shear wall structure shaking table test, which has verified the validity of the secondary developed material subroutine.
[5] Liu Jianxin: Journal of Building Structures.
[6] Zhuang zhuo, Zhang fan, Qin Song, et al: ABAQUS nonlinear finite element analysis and examples (Science Press, China 2005)
[7] Li Yingmin, Chen Weixian, Han Jun: Development of concrete material subroutines based on ABAQUS three-dimensional beam element.
[10] Yang Pu, Li Yingmin, Wang Yayong, et al: Journal of Building Structures.

Material properties.
Mechanical properties of the material.
Material Elastic Modulus (GPa) Poisson's ratio unit weight (kN/m3) Concrete(C50) 34.5 0.2 24 Steel 210 0.3 78 Reinforced concrete 43.275 0.2 25 Soil layer 0.0135 0.34 17.5 Mathematical model.
Journal of Railway Science and Engineering, 2015, 12（6）:1427-1435.
FE sub-model method for seismic response analysis of orifice region in arch dams[J] Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2014, 33(03):216-222+238.

It generates multiple available architectural models and solutions through dynamic visualization of data (such as specified geographical constraints, materials to be used, and geometric limitations) to meet pre-established design goals and user requirements [2].
Materials Today: Proceedings, 70, 687-693
Journal of Building Engineering, 71, 106527
International Journal of Engineering Sciences, 19