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Online since: February 2014
Authors: V. Balambica, T. Jayachandra Prabhu, R. Venkatesh Babu
Mao[24] presented in his paper gear fatigue wear reduction.
A involute profile of the spur gear model for 20 teeth is shown, for the below data., Pitch diameter= 0.3937”, Outside diameter= 8.66”, tooth thickness= 0.61842”= 15.71mm Whole depth = 0.886”= 22.5mm Fillet radius = 0.09” Fig.1 Model of a standard full gear - 20 teeth A single tooth is then cut from the full gear model with a back-up ratio of 0.5.The power assumed was 22KW With a speed of 900 RPM.The single tooth with the total length being 22.5mm and thickness of 15.71 is imported to Ansys for further deflection analysis at the pitch point.The involute profile of the 2D spur gear tooth is held like a cantilever and the load of 30N is applied at the pitch point for unit width.The boundary conditions and the result of deflection for a 20 and 30 number of teeth is as shown; Fig.2 Meshed Model of a standard single tooth - 20 teeth Fig.3 Deflection at the pitch point - 20 teeth Likewise, the results
Fd = (2 × 0.1524 )/ 0.00375 √ 1193800× 0.0099147504 = 81.28 x 108.7716491 = 8843N Design Procedure to find the dynamic load acting on a pair of gear tooth: Collect the Input data such as the number of teeth for the pinion and the gear, Speed of the pinion and Module- Find the pitch circle diameter for the pinion and the gear -Assume total tooth-tooth spacing and profile error’e’- Find the time for the passage of a tooth through the contact zone Eq.4, t =60 / n1 N1 in seconds.
[18] Th .Costopoulas, V.Spitas: Reduction of gear Fillet Stresses by using one sided involute asymmetric teeth,Mechanisms and Machine Theory,vol 44,no.8,p.1524-1534(2009)
[24] K.Mao :Gear tooth contact analysis and the Application in the reduction of fatigue wear,’Research Gate,(2007)
A involute profile of the spur gear model for 20 teeth is shown, for the below data., Pitch diameter= 0.3937”, Outside diameter= 8.66”, tooth thickness= 0.61842”= 15.71mm Whole depth = 0.886”= 22.5mm Fillet radius = 0.09” Fig.1 Model of a standard full gear - 20 teeth A single tooth is then cut from the full gear model with a back-up ratio of 0.5.The power assumed was 22KW With a speed of 900 RPM.The single tooth with the total length being 22.5mm and thickness of 15.71 is imported to Ansys for further deflection analysis at the pitch point.The involute profile of the 2D spur gear tooth is held like a cantilever and the load of 30N is applied at the pitch point for unit width.The boundary conditions and the result of deflection for a 20 and 30 number of teeth is as shown; Fig.2 Meshed Model of a standard single tooth - 20 teeth Fig.3 Deflection at the pitch point - 20 teeth Likewise, the results
Fd = (2 × 0.1524 )/ 0.00375 √ 1193800× 0.0099147504 = 81.28 x 108.7716491 = 8843N Design Procedure to find the dynamic load acting on a pair of gear tooth: Collect the Input data such as the number of teeth for the pinion and the gear, Speed of the pinion and Module- Find the pitch circle diameter for the pinion and the gear -Assume total tooth-tooth spacing and profile error’e’- Find the time for the passage of a tooth through the contact zone Eq.4, t =60 / n1 N1 in seconds.
[18] Th .Costopoulas, V.Spitas: Reduction of gear Fillet Stresses by using one sided involute asymmetric teeth,Mechanisms and Machine Theory,vol 44,no.8,p.1524-1534(2009)
[24] K.Mao :Gear tooth contact analysis and the Application in the reduction of fatigue wear,’Research Gate,(2007)
Online since: October 2012
Authors: Lei Nie, Fu Zhu, Gao Feng Zhan
Based on existing research data[3,4], the formula of critical edge pressure of foundation has been put forward when K0=1 under this assumption.
Case data is substituted into this paper formula.
The range of reduction of value is 0.009m~0.126m.
The range of reduction of value is 0.339m~1.654m.
The range of reduction of value is 0.583m~1.434m.
Case data is substituted into this paper formula.
The range of reduction of value is 0.009m~0.126m.
The range of reduction of value is 0.339m~1.654m.
The range of reduction of value is 0.583m~1.434m.
Online since: February 2014
Authors: Yousif Bagadi, Abdelwahab M. Fadol, De Li Gao
Miska concluded that torque tends to reduce critical buckling force and this reduction tend to reduce critical buckling force, and that the reduction depends on torsion value, wellbore inclination, and large clearances.
Wu Jiang approach denoted a reduction in buckling load due to 100 N.m.
Displacement for 32/27mm. tubular utilizing experiments data, and verifications of some published correlations, the parameters mentioned above are: (1) Contact force: it has a close relation with parameters such as lock-up of tubular, variations in axial load at upper-end and down-end …etc.(2) Buckling length, (3) Dimensionless down-end with respect to dimensionless length.
Effect of Drag On Helically Buckled tubular: By plotting drag experimental data against axial load, as shown in fig. (6).
Wu Jiang approach denoted a reduction in buckling load due to 100 N.m.
Displacement for 32/27mm. tubular utilizing experiments data, and verifications of some published correlations, the parameters mentioned above are: (1) Contact force: it has a close relation with parameters such as lock-up of tubular, variations in axial load at upper-end and down-end …etc.(2) Buckling length, (3) Dimensionless down-end with respect to dimensionless length.
Effect of Drag On Helically Buckled tubular: By plotting drag experimental data against axial load, as shown in fig. (6).
Online since: August 2014
Authors: Vlastimil Bílek Jr., Lukáš Kalina, Eva Bartoníčková, Tomáš Opravil
The influence of the partial replacement of slag by CKD is unclear from the obtained data.
Maybe some shrinkage reduction can be achieved, but one cannot expect very significant reduction.
During the demolding samples with 5% slag replacement were broken, so only the data for 2.5% replacement are available.
Higher dosage of FBC fly ash can possibly lead to even higher shrinkage reduction, but especially at higher replacement levels negative impact on the mechanical properties might be expected.
Maybe some shrinkage reduction can be achieved, but one cannot expect very significant reduction.
During the demolding samples with 5% slag replacement were broken, so only the data for 2.5% replacement are available.
Higher dosage of FBC fly ash can possibly lead to even higher shrinkage reduction, but especially at higher replacement levels negative impact on the mechanical properties might be expected.
Online since: June 2015
Authors: E.I. Get`man, K.A. Chebyshev, L.I. Ardanova, L.V. Pasechnik
Promising solid electrolytes Ln2MoO6-δ with fluorite structure which have high electro-ionic conductivity were obtained using Mo+6 reduction into lower oxidation states [9].
The modification of the Ln2MoO6-based materials with the distorted monoclinic structure is possible using both the molybdenum reduction and aliovalent cation substitution.
Thus, transition from monoclinic to cubic phase can occur owing to oxygen deficiency, similar to molybdenum reduction in Ln2MoO6-δ.
Determine elements errors are comparable to obtained data in [11].
The XRD-data arrays for Ho1.4Cd0.6MoO5.7 and Gd1.6Cd0.4MoO5.8 ground samples were used for structure refinement.
The modification of the Ln2MoO6-based materials with the distorted monoclinic structure is possible using both the molybdenum reduction and aliovalent cation substitution.
Thus, transition from monoclinic to cubic phase can occur owing to oxygen deficiency, similar to molybdenum reduction in Ln2MoO6-δ.
Determine elements errors are comparable to obtained data in [11].
The XRD-data arrays for Ho1.4Cd0.6MoO5.7 and Gd1.6Cd0.4MoO5.8 ground samples were used for structure refinement.
Online since: August 2017
Authors: K. Jegadeesan, S. Renold Elsen, J. Ronald Aseer
The balls weight before and after ball milling were weighed and it was found there is slight reduction in the alumina ball.
The data in Table 1 is plotted in Figure 3 and 6 for further analysis.
The data in table 2 is plotted in Figure 8.
Table 1 Ball milling hours and its influence on crystallite size and lattice strain of alumina Ball Milling Hours Alumina Crystallite Size (nm) Lattice Strain 8 42 0.000924389 6 48 0.000559355 4 52 0.000556238 As Received 61 0.000533592 In the case of Zirconia there is no reduction in the weight of the Zirconia balls due to the higher fracture toughness and it was reflected very well in the XRD results Figure 5.
The milling hours had good effect on the reduction of crystallite size and increase in the lattice strain for both alumina and zirconia.
The data in Table 1 is plotted in Figure 3 and 6 for further analysis.
The data in table 2 is plotted in Figure 8.
Table 1 Ball milling hours and its influence on crystallite size and lattice strain of alumina Ball Milling Hours Alumina Crystallite Size (nm) Lattice Strain 8 42 0.000924389 6 48 0.000559355 4 52 0.000556238 As Received 61 0.000533592 In the case of Zirconia there is no reduction in the weight of the Zirconia balls due to the higher fracture toughness and it was reflected very well in the XRD results Figure 5.
The milling hours had good effect on the reduction of crystallite size and increase in the lattice strain for both alumina and zirconia.
Online since: August 2014
Authors: Katarína Mäkká, Eva Sventeková
Currently, there is a reduction in the limits of hazardous substances stationary sources of risk to qualify under the SEVESO III directive force.
The need for algorithm evaluation of unclassified risk sources the determining separation distances are based on data contained in the manual on the method of IAEA-TECDOC, which lists the recommended distance of industrial enterprises from populated areas (Table 4).
In this case, the estimate of bystanders can be determined on the basis of operating data and experience.
End End Does not reach the limit reaches the limit less than the reference value higher than reference value The amount reaches the threshold values of the Act 261/2002 COMPARISON OF AMOUNTS OF DANGEROUS SUBSTANCE WITHIN THE LIMIT Procedure under Act 261/2002 The amount is less than the threshold value of the Act 261/2002 Comparing the amount with reference limit Distance from residential areas Estimation the presence of persons unacceptable Risk reduction measures Risk analysis after the implementation of measures Determination of risk acceptability acceptable PRELIMINARY RISKS ASSESSMENT OF Selection of major sources DETAILED RISK ASSESSMENT End Figure 2 Schematic diagram of of the proposed algorithm evaluation unclassified risk sources Conclusions The aim of this paper was to highlight the possibility of danger to residents
The proposed approach can contribute to the prevention of accident of unclassified risk sources because identification and risk assessment is a prerequisite for the reduction and risk management.
The need for algorithm evaluation of unclassified risk sources the determining separation distances are based on data contained in the manual on the method of IAEA-TECDOC, which lists the recommended distance of industrial enterprises from populated areas (Table 4).
In this case, the estimate of bystanders can be determined on the basis of operating data and experience.
End End Does not reach the limit reaches the limit less than the reference value higher than reference value The amount reaches the threshold values of the Act 261/2002 COMPARISON OF AMOUNTS OF DANGEROUS SUBSTANCE WITHIN THE LIMIT Procedure under Act 261/2002 The amount is less than the threshold value of the Act 261/2002 Comparing the amount with reference limit Distance from residential areas Estimation the presence of persons unacceptable Risk reduction measures Risk analysis after the implementation of measures Determination of risk acceptability acceptable PRELIMINARY RISKS ASSESSMENT OF Selection of major sources DETAILED RISK ASSESSMENT End Figure 2 Schematic diagram of of the proposed algorithm evaluation unclassified risk sources Conclusions The aim of this paper was to highlight the possibility of danger to residents
The proposed approach can contribute to the prevention of accident of unclassified risk sources because identification and risk assessment is a prerequisite for the reduction and risk management.
Online since: March 2009
Authors: Gerhard Pensl, Wolfgang Bartsch, Sergey A. Reshanov, Bernd Zippelius
This result agrees well with data published in the
literature [7,8].
The appearance of the /0 2/1Z -peak and the reduction of the / 2/1Z peak are indicated by arrows
The spectrum with injection pulse shows clearly a reduction of the / 2/1Z -peak height and the appearance of a new peak at T = 220 K.
Due to published data [9], the latter peak can be attributed to the /0 2/1Z center, which corresponds to the second charge state of the / 2/1Z -center.
In agreement with Klein et al. [8], no reduction of EH6/7 peak height is observed in the solid spectrum of Fig. 5 indicating a small capture cross section for holes.
The appearance of the /0 2/1Z -peak and the reduction of the / 2/1Z peak are indicated by arrows
The spectrum with injection pulse shows clearly a reduction of the / 2/1Z -peak height and the appearance of a new peak at T = 220 K.
Due to published data [9], the latter peak can be attributed to the /0 2/1Z center, which corresponds to the second charge state of the / 2/1Z -center.
In agreement with Klein et al. [8], no reduction of EH6/7 peak height is observed in the solid spectrum of Fig. 5 indicating a small capture cross section for holes.
Online since: October 2025
Authors: Cheng Hao Yen, Chun Chieh Lin
The data indicate that the success rate of MgO-based transparent resistive memory devices exceeds 95%.
In Fig. 5(b), the reduction in oxygen vacancies in M10 increases the voltage required for filament formation, with switching events distributed between +8V and -4V.
The LRS slope in the negative half-cycle is 0.9, suggesting that the reduction of oxygen vacancies stabilizes the conductive filament, allowing M10 to exhibit an Ohmic conduction mechanism in the LRS state.
XPS analysis was conducted to confirm the reduction of oxygen vacancies with increasing oxygen flow.
These values closely match reference data[1], confirming that increasing oxygen flow reduces Mg-OH content while enhancing Mg-O bonding, indicating a decrease in oxygen vacancies.
In Fig. 5(b), the reduction in oxygen vacancies in M10 increases the voltage required for filament formation, with switching events distributed between +8V and -4V.
The LRS slope in the negative half-cycle is 0.9, suggesting that the reduction of oxygen vacancies stabilizes the conductive filament, allowing M10 to exhibit an Ohmic conduction mechanism in the LRS state.
XPS analysis was conducted to confirm the reduction of oxygen vacancies with increasing oxygen flow.
These values closely match reference data[1], confirming that increasing oxygen flow reduces Mg-OH content while enhancing Mg-O bonding, indicating a decrease in oxygen vacancies.
Online since: March 2014
Authors: Li Ming Wu, Yao Fei Li, Shi Long Yang, Ze Kai Wang
For conventional machine tools, the further shortening of auxiliary hours has been very difficult, thus only a significant reduction in cutting working hours (to improve the working feed rate like cutting speed and feed rate.) is possible to further improve the productivity of the machine.
Structure diagram and finite element analysis results Data Analysis Structure Description Option 1 Beam weight 3.19 tones.
Many weight gain, a corresponding reduction in deformation amount.
Switch the whole as square box, not hatchback, simultaneously more weight gain, a corresponding reduction in deformation amount Analysis of testing result.Compare various design options and select the best solution.
We deduced the following formula: (1) Derived from the data in Table 2 and the casting manufacturability, although option 3 and option 4 have a improved maximum deformation compared with option 1 and option 2, option 3 and option 4 have a larger structural weight, but poorer casting manufacturability.
Structure diagram and finite element analysis results Data Analysis Structure Description Option 1 Beam weight 3.19 tones.
Many weight gain, a corresponding reduction in deformation amount.
Switch the whole as square box, not hatchback, simultaneously more weight gain, a corresponding reduction in deformation amount Analysis of testing result.Compare various design options and select the best solution.
We deduced the following formula: (1) Derived from the data in Table 2 and the casting manufacturability, although option 3 and option 4 have a improved maximum deformation compared with option 1 and option 2, option 3 and option 4 have a larger structural weight, but poorer casting manufacturability.