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The mode of damage will subsequently affect the fracture behaviour of the material and shorten the lifetime of the component.
The first case uses elastic-plastic properties assuming a uniform and uncracked surface.
Introduction The oxidation, environmental corrosion and creep damage are limiting factors in the life assessment of engineering components operating at elevated temperatures.
Figure 1: Surface cracking in an oxidised 316H stainless steel sample Figure 2: Hardness variation in an oxide 316H stainless steel material Indicative Mechanical Properties of the Oxide Layer The indicative variation of mechanical properties in an oxidised 316H stainless steel (SS) sample has been evaluated using the Vickers hardness data shown in Figure 2.
The two mechanisms described are relatively independent but can interact with each other due to geometrical and material properties change during the period.

The purpose was to obtain more homogenous crystalline structure of the cast parts, with better mechanical properties.
The mold filling method with molten metal and heat transfer method influences the mechanical properties of the cast parts.
Many researchers have significantly improved and refined the models by incorporating more realistic phenomena, such as [2] and [3] modeled the transient flow phenomena in the mold for the casting process and well investigated the effects of various factors on the turbulence flow state of liquid metal [1].
The physical properties required in equations (1), (3), (5), (6) and (7) used by Comsol are presented in table 1.
The following conclusions have been drawn, after the microstructure analyzes: a) From the grain size point of view, it is observed that the smoother structure appears in the case of die casting followed by the one obtained by investment casting, and the coarser structure is obtained from the sand casting; b) The parts obtained by die casting have the best mechanical properties, followed by the ones obtained by investment casting, and the worst properties have the parts obtained by sand casting; c) In the case of sand casting, after solidification, a dendritic microstructure is obtained, with segregations at the grain boundary which adversely affects the mechanical properties of the piece obtained by this process; d) At investment casting and die casting, silicon crystals are missing from microstructure; By simulating the mold filling method with liquid metal, areas where vortexes appear can be determined, and by appropriate technological methods can be prevented their formation resulting

Electric and thermal properties of the composites were tested at room temperature to investigate the influence of Al2O3 morphology on epoxy resin composites.
Epoxy resin exhibits good electrical and mechanical properties, as well as easy processability.
But there are few reports about the influence of the morphology of inorganic filler on properties of epoxy resin composites.
Wu, Interfacial modification of boron nitride nanoplatelets for epoxy composites with improved thermal properties, Polymer. 53 (2012) 471–480
Xie, Thermal and electrical properties of epoxy composites at high alumina loadings and various temperatures, Iran.

Comprehensive Evaluation Method Study of Urban Pavement Ecological Physical Environment (UPEPE) Bo Wang1,2 Architectural and Civil Engineering School of Xiamen University, Xiamen, P.R.C. 3610051 Energy Research School of Xiamen University, Xiamen, P.R.C. 3610052 bo.wang@xmu.edu.cn Keywords: urban pavement, ecological physical environment, comprehensive evaluation Abstract: The premise that analyzing and studying the factors that affect urban pavement ecological physical environment (UPEPE), UPEPE impact factors are the thermal environment, sound environment, light environment, eco-energy saving design.
In this paper, according to the impact factors of the UPEPE and using the fuzzy mathematical theory on evaluating the UPEPE comprehensively can reflect the real situation more objectively and accurately.
Depending fuzzy mathematics, evaluation ecological and physical environmental quality of the urban pavement need to establish mechanical properties (U1) physical environmental (U2) Project impression (U3) strength (U11) Abrasive resistance (U12) skid resistance (U13) thermal radiation (U21) glare (U22) sound absorption (U23) Ecological effect (U24) visual image(U31) Artificial lighting quality indoor (U31) Ecological & physical Environment of urban pavement(U) Comfortable walking(U32) r (U32) hygienic factor(U33) n (U33) construction cost (U42) maintenance cost (U43) production cost (U41) E economic benefit analysis (U4) Figure1.
Urban pavement ecological & physical environmental quality factors hierarchy graph one or two fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model.
(2) In this paper, according to the impact factors of the UPEPE and using the fuzzy mathematical theory on evaluating the UPEPE comprehensively can reflect the real situation more objectively and accurately.

The range of mechanical properties including consideration of residual stress, fracture, fatigue and corrosion were discussed.
The comparison between microstructure and mechanical properties of the two different joints was investicated.
The recent advances in the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of FSW aluminum alloys are discussed.
The more attention gives to recrystallization mechanism, grain boundary characteristics, phase transformation, texture evolution, characteristic microstructures, and the effect of these factors on the hardness, tensile and fatigue properties as well as superplastic behavior of FSW/FSP aluminum alloys [13].
The Minitab statistical software is used to draw the 9 experimental conditions as per the Taguchi L9 experimental design considering three factors at three levels.

The reliability and durability of SMA actuators depend on several factors, such as maximum operating temperature, stress, strain and the number of actuation cycles.
Relationship between shape memory material properties and applications, J Phys IV France. 05 (1995) C2-335-C2-41
Effect of low-temperature phase changes on the mechanical properties of alloys near composition TiNi, Applied Physics. 34 (1963) 1475 - 7
Shape memory alloys: Properties and biomedical applications, JOM. 52 (2000) 36-44
Enhanced mechanical properties of TiNi shape memory fiber/Al matrix composite, JIM, Materials Transactions. 34 (1993) 224-7

The study aims to fabricate a dew extractor machine and analyze and characterize fibers based on their physical, mechanical, and chemical properties.
Specifically, it aims to: (1) fabricate a portable dew extractor machine and (2) analyze and characterize fibers based on their physical and mechanical properties.
Mechanical Property Characterization.
In terms of fiber testing, the results showed that treating the fibers leads to significant changes to their physical and mechanical properties.
As for the mechanical properties, it can be concluded that treated fibers can withstand more stress, stretch even more, and therefore is more elastic compared to the untreated fibers.

Dynamic Properties of Long-span Steel-concrete Composite Bridges with External Tendons Wei’an Wanga, Qiao Lib ,Canhui Zhaoc and Weilin Zhuangd School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China a vten1@163.com, b ql3721@163.com, c zch2887@163.com, d wlzhuang@vip.163.com Keywords: Steel-concrete composite bridge, Equivalent damping, Shear connectors, Dynamic property, External prestress.
The dynamic performance of large-span steel-concrete composite bridges with external tendons is investigated by deriving the formula of equivalent damping ratios of composite bridges, and by considering the influence of shear connectors stiffness of composite girders, external tendons, and pile-soil dynamic interactions on the dynamic properties of steel-concrete composite bridge.
As steel-concrete composite bridges are made from two materials that differ in their mechanical properties, the structural dampening parameters not only affect the structural dynamic energy dissipation but also closely relate to the structural response[1].
In this study, considering a long-span steel-concrete composite bridge, equivalent damper of composite structure was derived, a refined finite element model of the full bridge was constructed, and the influence of above factors on the dynamic properties of the composite bridge was analyzed.
Equivalent damping Damping is an important structural property that affects the structural dynamic response in both elastic and elastic-plastic phases, so the selection of damping parameters directly affects structural design.

The best die material will be identified and the critical parameters affecting its performance will be introduced.
These materials have a wide range of physical and surface properties as detailed in Table 1, which are ideal for exploring the factors affecting adhesion.
Material properties and bonding behaviours of the die materials.
Thus the wettability of the die is one of the key factors impacting on adhesion.
[17] Pignataro, B., et al., Adhesion properties on nanometric scale of silicon oxide and silicon nitride surfaces modified by.

New generation bonding agents featuring high mechanical strength are widely available on the market.
It features very low consumption and aging factor, which means it, is one of the best dental materials available on the market [2].
Any material with those properties is not easy to etch.
The bonded joint tests must allow for a large number of factors affecting the joint quality, that can be classified in two groups: technological - method of material surface preparation, bonding agent type, curing conditions and structural - material thickness, bonded joint thickness, joint dimensions [5,6].
A snow-white material after curing shows a significant increase in mechanical properties.