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Online since: May 2011
Authors: Zhao Yang Lu, Bi Cun Jiang, Jun Fan, Ai Min Li
The SBET and PSD of F400D (Table 1) through N2 adsorption test were similar with the previously reported data.
While, the lower reduction rates of F400D was only 15.0 and 24.8%, respectively.
And through data analyzing by the Homogeneous Surface Diffusion Model (HSDM), the surface diffusion coefficient DS, for each of the adsorbents can be determined [28, 29].
It matched the data of pore size distribution.
According the data, blockages in the resin were much lighter than those in the GAC.
While, the lower reduction rates of F400D was only 15.0 and 24.8%, respectively.
And through data analyzing by the Homogeneous Surface Diffusion Model (HSDM), the surface diffusion coefficient DS, for each of the adsorbents can be determined [28, 29].
It matched the data of pore size distribution.
According the data, blockages in the resin were much lighter than those in the GAC.
Online since: June 2013
Authors: Rui Mu, Na Zhao, Wen Wu Wang
The evaluation metrics mainly incorporated factors closely related with disassembly process, and the principal component analysis enabled more objectively quantitative evaluation, through dimensionality reduction and information integration of metrics.
Little effort required 1 Moderate effort required 2 Large amount of effort required 4 Magnitude of weight Light(<3kg) 2 Moderate heavy(3kg<<8kg)2.5 Very heavy (8kg <<12kg) 3 Straight line motion, overcoming Inter-surface friction and wedging Little effort required 2.5 Moderate effort required 3 Large amount of effort required 5 Accessibility Tools accessibility Enough space to operation 1.0 Some space to operation 1. 6 No space nearly to operation 2.0 Straight line and twisting motions, overcoming Inter-surface friction and wedging Little effort required 2.5 Moderate effort required 3.5 Large amount of effort required 5.5 Disassembly tools No tools required 1 Common tools required 2.0 Specialized tools required 3.0 Positioning accuracy No accuracy required Easy to handle 1.2 Difficult to handle 1.6 Some accuracy required Easy to handle 2.0 Difficult to handle 2.5 Disassembly Evaluation Methodology By the way of dimension reduction
Step 2: After acquiring the disassembly performance rated data, it should be processed by the principal component analysis method as follows[8]: (1) Standardization of the original rated data; (2)Calculating the correlation coefficient matrix to identify correlations among indicators, on the basis of the standardized data array; (3)Extraction of the principal components based on the initial eigenvalues, variance contribution rate and cumulative variance contribution rate
Table 2 The components of ZL50 type summary of evaluation data Part name Tools accessibility Position accuracy Disassembly force Component dimensions Magnitude of weight Disassembly tools Input primary gear 1.0 1.2 0.5 2 2 1 Input secondary gear 1.0 1.2 0.5 2 2 1 Overrunning clutch assembly 1.6 2.0 5.5 2 3 2.0 Reverse gear piston 1.0 2.0 2.5 2 2 2.0 Reverse gear planet carrier assembly 1.0 2.0 3.5 2 3 1 Reverse gear friction plate 1.0 1.2 0.5 2 2 1 Bracket 1.0 1.2 3 2 2.5 1 First gear friction plate 1.0 1.2 0.5 2 2 1 First gear ring gear 1.0 1.2 2 2 2 1 First gear planet carrier assembly 1.0 2.0 3.5 2 3 1 Medium cover 1.0 1.2 1 2 2.5 2.0 The third shaft assembly 1.0 2.5 5.5 2 3 3.0 cover 1.0 1.2 1 2 2.5 2.0 First gear cylinder body 1.0 2.0 2 2 2.5 1 The fourth shaft assembly 1.0 2.0 3.5 3.5 2.5 3.0 With the aid of the SPSS statistical software, the disassembly evaluation of ZL50 type gearbox was conducted as follows.
So the linear combination expression between the two principal components and variables: positioning accuracy (x3), disassembly force (x1), component dimensions (x4), magnitude of weight (x2), disassembly tools (x5) was as follows: F1=0.311 x3+0.354 x1-0.205 x4+0.401 x2+0.066 x5 (1) F2=0.044 x3-0.025 x1+0.741 x4-0.238 x2+0.442 x5 (2) After bringing the standardized disassembly evaluation data into the formula (1) and (2), the disassembly performance score on the two principal components of each component of gearbox can be got.
Little effort required 1 Moderate effort required 2 Large amount of effort required 4 Magnitude of weight Light(<3kg) 2 Moderate heavy(3kg<<8kg)2.5 Very heavy (8kg <<12kg) 3 Straight line motion, overcoming Inter-surface friction and wedging Little effort required 2.5 Moderate effort required 3 Large amount of effort required 5 Accessibility Tools accessibility Enough space to operation 1.0 Some space to operation 1. 6 No space nearly to operation 2.0 Straight line and twisting motions, overcoming Inter-surface friction and wedging Little effort required 2.5 Moderate effort required 3.5 Large amount of effort required 5.5 Disassembly tools No tools required 1 Common tools required 2.0 Specialized tools required 3.0 Positioning accuracy No accuracy required Easy to handle 1.2 Difficult to handle 1.6 Some accuracy required Easy to handle 2.0 Difficult to handle 2.5 Disassembly Evaluation Methodology By the way of dimension reduction
Step 2: After acquiring the disassembly performance rated data, it should be processed by the principal component analysis method as follows[8]: (1) Standardization of the original rated data; (2)Calculating the correlation coefficient matrix to identify correlations among indicators, on the basis of the standardized data array; (3)Extraction of the principal components based on the initial eigenvalues, variance contribution rate and cumulative variance contribution rate
Table 2 The components of ZL50 type summary of evaluation data Part name Tools accessibility Position accuracy Disassembly force Component dimensions Magnitude of weight Disassembly tools Input primary gear 1.0 1.2 0.5 2 2 1 Input secondary gear 1.0 1.2 0.5 2 2 1 Overrunning clutch assembly 1.6 2.0 5.5 2 3 2.0 Reverse gear piston 1.0 2.0 2.5 2 2 2.0 Reverse gear planet carrier assembly 1.0 2.0 3.5 2 3 1 Reverse gear friction plate 1.0 1.2 0.5 2 2 1 Bracket 1.0 1.2 3 2 2.5 1 First gear friction plate 1.0 1.2 0.5 2 2 1 First gear ring gear 1.0 1.2 2 2 2 1 First gear planet carrier assembly 1.0 2.0 3.5 2 3 1 Medium cover 1.0 1.2 1 2 2.5 2.0 The third shaft assembly 1.0 2.5 5.5 2 3 3.0 cover 1.0 1.2 1 2 2.5 2.0 First gear cylinder body 1.0 2.0 2 2 2.5 1 The fourth shaft assembly 1.0 2.0 3.5 3.5 2.5 3.0 With the aid of the SPSS statistical software, the disassembly evaluation of ZL50 type gearbox was conducted as follows.
So the linear combination expression between the two principal components and variables: positioning accuracy (x3), disassembly force (x1), component dimensions (x4), magnitude of weight (x2), disassembly tools (x5) was as follows: F1=0.311 x3+0.354 x1-0.205 x4+0.401 x2+0.066 x5 (1) F2=0.044 x3-0.025 x1+0.741 x4-0.238 x2+0.442 x5 (2) After bringing the standardized disassembly evaluation data into the formula (1) and (2), the disassembly performance score on the two principal components of each component of gearbox can be got.
Online since: June 2017
Authors: Yan Jiao Zhang, Feng Gao, Zhi Hong Wang
Due to the limitations of the data, various production equipment and maintenance of the electric arc furnace steelmaking plant were not included in the system.
Steelmaking process and continuous casting process data were all derived from the literature [14,15].
Cut-off approach system contains only one life cycle, the information requires less data, easy to operate, but does not consider the recycling of the environmental load and environmental benefit, a simplified evaluation method with doubts; waste valuable system include primary and secondary life cycle, the category is more complete, but also requires more data, and only consider the environmental load or environmental benefit, which is not comprehensive.
(d) The practice in the BOF process are required to add some scrap, so we need to estimate the theory of environmental impact data of 100% iron ore to use mathematical calculation method.
Cut-off approach system contains only one life cycle, the information requires less data, easy to operate, but does not consider the recovery of the environmental load and environmental benefit.
Steelmaking process and continuous casting process data were all derived from the literature [14,15].
Cut-off approach system contains only one life cycle, the information requires less data, easy to operate, but does not consider the recycling of the environmental load and environmental benefit, a simplified evaluation method with doubts; waste valuable system include primary and secondary life cycle, the category is more complete, but also requires more data, and only consider the environmental load or environmental benefit, which is not comprehensive.
(d) The practice in the BOF process are required to add some scrap, so we need to estimate the theory of environmental impact data of 100% iron ore to use mathematical calculation method.
Cut-off approach system contains only one life cycle, the information requires less data, easy to operate, but does not consider the recovery of the environmental load and environmental benefit.
Online since: November 2011
Authors: Yan Bing Ma, Wei Wei Ling, Ying He, Dainan Zhang
The measured results agree well with the simulated data and the design process is proved to be effective and reasonable.
The LPF is fabricated finally in the LTCC production line and the measured results shows great consistence with the simulated data.
And the structure selection of inductor is a big challenge because the inductance reduces sharply with the reduction of layers.
Fig. 10 shows measured results for the fabricated low-pass filter agree well with the simulation data.
The data of numerical simulation using 3-D HFSS shows good agreement with measurement result.
The LPF is fabricated finally in the LTCC production line and the measured results shows great consistence with the simulated data.
And the structure selection of inductor is a big challenge because the inductance reduces sharply with the reduction of layers.
Fig. 10 shows measured results for the fabricated low-pass filter agree well with the simulation data.
The data of numerical simulation using 3-D HFSS shows good agreement with measurement result.
Online since: March 2009
Authors: Diane J. Mynors, Martin English, Michael Castellucci
This grading would be qualified by production measures
established by the shop floor data collection.
The data is ranked by the delivery date, which is the last time the product was roll formed.
This maintains the reliability and integrity of the Profile Database data.
The section profile types define the dimensional data that is stored and which can be searched on.
All data from the feedback report is logged and the Tooling Designer is provided with a copy.
The data is ranked by the delivery date, which is the last time the product was roll formed.
This maintains the reliability and integrity of the Profile Database data.
The section profile types define the dimensional data that is stored and which can be searched on.
All data from the feedback report is logged and the Tooling Designer is provided with a copy.
Online since: April 2015
Authors: Miroslav Španiel, Vít Sháněl
Numerical simulations allow for a reduction of the number of experiments needed to obtain appropriate design of ballistic protection, but they require verified modeling approaches and proper material data.
Therefore, different modelling approaches for both parts of the composite sandwich have been tested and possibilities to adjust these models to experimental data were investigated.
This paper presents our progress with the strike face and back face simulations and brieflyelaborates on the obtainedexperimental data.
Experimental data of the aramid back face allowed the creation of a numerical model for the description of a bullet impact through the back face.
Therefore, different modelling approaches for both parts of the composite sandwich have been tested and possibilities to adjust these models to experimental data were investigated.
This paper presents our progress with the strike face and back face simulations and brieflyelaborates on the obtainedexperimental data.
Experimental data of the aramid back face allowed the creation of a numerical model for the description of a bullet impact through the back face.
Online since: February 2012
Authors: Lei Yu, Wei Wei Li, Hua Wang
The theory of grey system modeling theory
In the experimental data processing, grey system theory cannot be compared with the traditional advantages of the statistical theory:In the case of less test data, follow-up data through the model prediction, the calculation results can reflect the inherent law of system.
Using the grey theory GM ( 1, 1) model,3 to 6 months in obtaining experimental data, we can predict subsequent test data.
Because the smaller the C, that the greater the S1, show original data variance, large dispersion of the raw data; S2, show that residual variance is small, small residual dispersion degree.
Take 3 ~ 6 sample for based data, generating original series x(0)={640,750,890,970},as a model series with its other test data to predict.
Grey system GM (l,1) Model the original data column of the first simple proof of the validity of the data.Hechi Teachers College(Volume 14, Issue 3), 1994(9):31-32 [2] Julong deng, Grey prediction and decision.
Using the grey theory GM ( 1, 1) model,3 to 6 months in obtaining experimental data, we can predict subsequent test data.
Because the smaller the C, that the greater the S1, show original data variance, large dispersion of the raw data; S2, show that residual variance is small, small residual dispersion degree.
Take 3 ~ 6 sample for based data, generating original series x(0)={640,750,890,970},as a model series with its other test data to predict.
Grey system GM (l,1) Model the original data column of the first simple proof of the validity of the data.Hechi Teachers College(Volume 14, Issue 3), 1994(9):31-32 [2] Julong deng, Grey prediction and decision.
Online since: July 2015
Authors: Mochammad Zainuri, Ali Mufid
Information about mass reduction (weight loss) of the samples were heated at 10 °C per minute from room temperature to the temperature of 1200 °C.
Initial mass used was 36.3000 mg, from reduction curve shows the mass weight loss during heating.
The identification phase is data matching of the diffraction peaks measured with diffraction peak in PDF (Powder Diffraction File) databases [6].
Match method is used to determine phases in the material by matching XRD results with the data that in the match software.
Analyze using rietvield (PDF # 69-900-9783) show that there is high enough suitability between the data calculated with the measured data.
Initial mass used was 36.3000 mg, from reduction curve shows the mass weight loss during heating.
The identification phase is data matching of the diffraction peaks measured with diffraction peak in PDF (Powder Diffraction File) databases [6].
Match method is used to determine phases in the material by matching XRD results with the data that in the match software.
Analyze using rietvield (PDF # 69-900-9783) show that there is high enough suitability between the data calculated with the measured data.
Online since: June 2014
Authors: Aleksandr Sergeevich Gorshkov, Darya Viktorovna Nemova, Anastasiia Andreevna Staritcyna, Darya Sergeevna Tarasova, Nikolay Vatin
Recommendations about reduction of payback periods are provided.
However, the solution of application of thick thermal insulation for sharp reduction of losses of heat raises doubts in its economic validity.
Unsteady heat and mass transfer in combustion chambers of internal combustion (primarily Diesel) engines are analyzed and experimental data are reviewed.
New experimental data are presented [36] on nonstationary and transient operating conditions of closed liquid metal loops with MHD pumps.
Due to the lack of exact data (data for the continuous period) the indicator will turn out approximate.
However, the solution of application of thick thermal insulation for sharp reduction of losses of heat raises doubts in its economic validity.
Unsteady heat and mass transfer in combustion chambers of internal combustion (primarily Diesel) engines are analyzed and experimental data are reviewed.
New experimental data are presented [36] on nonstationary and transient operating conditions of closed liquid metal loops with MHD pumps.
Due to the lack of exact data (data for the continuous period) the indicator will turn out approximate.
Online since: December 2014
Authors: Xiao Jun Liu, Wei Sun
And the wastewater quantity is an important basic data in solving this problem.
Generally the original time series data often presents a discrete, stochastic, and it is difficult to use mathematical model to represent[2].
The generation of the grey system theory with different processing, can make the generate data index obviously.
Both reduced the randomness of the original data, and provide a intermediate information modeling, making it possible to predict the system[3].
; (6) So the accumulated generating data matrix B and Y are as follows: ,
Generally the original time series data often presents a discrete, stochastic, and it is difficult to use mathematical model to represent[2].
The generation of the grey system theory with different processing, can make the generate data index obviously.
Both reduced the randomness of the original data, and provide a intermediate information modeling, making it possible to predict the system[3].
; (6) So the accumulated generating data matrix B and Y are as follows: ,