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Online since: July 2017
Authors: Frank Walther, Daniel Hülsbusch, Marvin Hoepfner, Torben Becker
In order to optimize the design of vibrating screening machines and realize significant weight reductions, the use of hybrid structures is gaining importance.
Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the design and carry out a weight reduction using advanced materials.
The values show a Weibull distributed data base and the highest proportion in the range of 0.05-0.08 mm.
Table 2: Mechanical properties of adhesives Designation UHU Permabond Loctite Temperature range [°C] -40 – +100 -40 – +150 -40 – +80 Shear strength [MPa] 17.5 18 – 20 20 Strength reduction at 50 °C 0.64 0.07 0.00 at 80 °C 0.77 0.52 0.05 Experimental setup for quasi-static investigations.
At J = 80 °C, lower slope and substantial reductions in strength occur.
Online since: July 2019
Authors: Deana Wahyuningrum, Irma Mulyani, Ray Putra Prajnamitra
The determination of the particle size of each catalyst was carried out using XRD-Powder Diffraction and XPowder® software for data analysis.
Therefore, the data confirmed that both nickel(II) compounds have been successfully synthesized.
The catalyst was further characterized using powder XRD and based on the data, the NiO particle size was determined by Scherrer method according to Eq. 1 using XPowder® software.
The detail of nickel(II)oxide peaks was identified using JCPDS standard data no. 22-1189 and the result are presented on Table 2.
Data 55(9) (2010) 3410-3417
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Li Feng Liu, Jin Feng Kang, Yi Hou, Zhe Chen, Guo Hui Wang, Zhi Wei Fan, Yi Ran Wang
The measured data shows that the photovoltaic conversion efficiency and open circuit voltage of DSSC are significantly improved by more than 38.8% and 5.8% under the stimulated AM 1.5 sunlight by using the biased operation mode compared to the conventional operation mode without an external bias applied.
The measured data show that the increased photoelectric conversion efficiency by 38.8% can be achieved in a DSSC module with an aperture area of 10mm×10mm by applying a 1.5V external bias.
Based on the measured data, the net output voltage of DSSC (Vx) can be extracted from the equivalent circuit as shown in Fig. 2.
According to the measured data, The I-V characteristics of DSSC is optimized distinctly under the novel biased operation mode which causes the improvements of photoelectric conversion efficiency and open circuit voltage of DSSC by 38.8% and 5.8% respectively.
(dark reaction) (4) It should be noted that the 5.8% increase of the open circuit voltage has also been got from the measured data.
Online since: July 2012
Authors: Yin Zhang, Yun Liu
The (real) beam deflection given by this new model deviates more or less from either an arc-shape or an S-shape, which has significant impact on the interpretation of experimental data.
Adhesion energy is defined as the reduction of the surface energy per unit area when combining two surfaces into one interface [15], which is also referred to as the surface interaction energy [1,2].
However, the inconsistency and unreliability of the experimental data obtained in the beam stiction test using above Eq. (1) have been noticed [1].
This reduction of surface energy is the mechanism responsible for the microstructure stiction.
The difference of the deflection shapes has a direct impact on the calculation of the system energy and thus the interpretation of experimental data.
Online since: March 2013
Authors: Zhen Hua Liu
Based on actual data from 1990 to 2010, disasters of flood and waterloging impact on agricultural production and water conservancy facilities is analysed.The rate of areas covered is the highest rate in 1991,reaching 16.4 percent, the average rate 8.96 percent; The rate of areas affected is the highest rate in 2003,reaching 63.8 percent, the average rate 54.4 percent; The rate of areas affected completely in Hainan is the highest rate in 2010 in china,reaching 57.4 percent, usually about from 20 percent to 40 percent.
The phosphorus and potassium contents in rice decreased under flooding conditions as compared with those under control,and further decreased with the increase of water depth and the prolongation of flooding time,the reduction of grain yield had significant positive correlations with the contents of phosphorus and potassium in plant[6].
Young ear necrosis, rice pollen destruction are the main reason for reduction of output of early rice,the main effect of rice tillering delay is the growth period prolonged;Critical death time of early rice submersed in gravidity and milk stage is 5.4 days,about 130 hours,all the dead time was more than 8 days; Critical death time of semilate rice submersed in tillering stage is 6 days,about 140 hours, all the putrefactive time was more than 8 days[9].
The area affected by flood disaster in China has 3-year,9-year and 17-year characteristic time scales and the corresponding cyclical variation[12].According to bulletin of flood and drought disasters in china from 2006 to 2010 and china statistical yearbook in 2010, by the data processing and analysis,the rate of areas covered is shown in Figure 1, the rate of areas affected is shown in Figure 2.
Fig. 3 Damaged embankments and locks Fig. 4 Reservoirs and the direct economic losses and embankment length According to bulletin of flood and drought disasters in china from 2006 to 2010, by the data processing and analysis,the damaged embankments and locks and embankment length caused by disasters of flood and waterloging is shown in Figure 4, small,large and medium reservoirs,and economic losses caused by disasters of flood and waterloging is shown in Figure 5.Figure 4 shows that the number of the damaged embankments reduces gradually from 2006 to 2008,but increases rapidly in 2009 and in 2010, especially in 2010;The damaged embankments length increases slowly from 2006 to 2009, but increases rapidly in 2010;The number of locks increases slightly and decreased largely, and then increases sharply,from 2006 to 2010.
Online since: October 2010
Authors: Gert Jan Swinkels, Piet Sonneveld
The optimization process is based on a maximal total annual electricity production and is performed with a ray tracing model and actual radiation data.
The optimizations are based on a maximal total annual electricity production and were done with a ray tracing model and actual radiation data.
The results in this paper are based on averaged hourly data of direct radiation, measured in Wageningen the Netherlands during 2007, 2008 and 2009.
According to a quick scan a reduction of 10 - 15% in electricity production should be expected.
Performance of the system with 17 flat, 193 cm wide lamellae showing the effects of shading on the PV-module, up to 34% annual electricity reduction for PV-cells of 10 mm width.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Bin Bin Lv, Xing Hua Yang, Bo Lu, Li Yu, Hong Tao Guo, Yu Yan
The lower computer software collects site signals, realizes the regulating and control algorithms, deliver real-time data to the upper computer, etc and the upper computer software reads the data block of the lower computer directly and mainly realizes the parameters configuration of the man-machine interface, the display system states and the off-line machine as well as the on-line system monitoring, control and maintenance.
However, the reduction of △H will greatly reduce the additional load on the horizontal steel.
Fig.2 Cable-supported full-model in wind tunnel Measurement and Data Acquisitions System.
Data acquisition is carried out by the parallel data acquisition module PXI-4472 of National Instruments (NI) of the United States.
Generally, 4-6 speed pressure steps are selected at each driving number and the stable period of each speed pressure step is no less than 10s so that sufficient vibration signal samples can be recorded down to enhance the precision of data processing.
Online since: July 2005
Authors: Feng Xue, Wenwen Du, Yang Shan Sun
Fig. 3a illustrates the reduction of grain size with the increase of refiner additions, from which it can be seen: (i) Al3Ti is less effective than Ca and Al4C3 based refiners on grain refinement for magnesium and (ii) the grain size decreases with the increase of refiner additions, however, it reaches a stable level when the refiner addition increases to a certain amount ( 0.3% for Ca and Al3Ti and 0.5% for Al4C3, respectively), and the excess of refiner addition does not cause further reduction of grain size.
Annealing of as-extruded and as-rolled a b c a b 50µm 50µm 100µm 100µm 100µm a b specimens results in increase of ductility and slight reduction of ultimate and yield strength.
The data of tensile properties of the specimens annealed at 250°C are also listed in Table 1.
Online since: November 2013
Authors: Kang Liu
Loads and displacements were recorded by the automatic data acquisition system.
The comparisons and the ductility ratios in Table 3 show that an increase in the diameter and number of the longitudinal steel bar causes a larger degradation of strength after the peak strength, hence a reduction of ductility of the specimen.
No improvement in ductility is shown in Figure 4(f), and in fact the ductility ratios in Table 3 show a reduction in B8 by providing perforation.
This is because specimen B7 with stirrups was already very ductile and the perforation did not further increase the ultimate strain while it increases the softness of the block and hence the yield strain, therefore, resulting in a reduction in the ductility ratio of B8.
Online since: March 2013
Authors: Xin Li, Lang Gao
Reachable matrix Hierarchical processing the reduction matrix of the reachable matrix 1) Removing the elements having a strong connection relation (the elements with identical rows and columns in M [6]), S6 in {S2, S6}, get (L). 2) According to how many "1" in each line in M’, we order the element in less to more, adjust the columns and rows, make elements of main diagonal the zero, then get(L) (Fig.3). 3) In (L), from the upper left to lower right corner, we decompose to get the largest number unit matrix in order and put in box, each box represents a layer [6, 9].
In the reduction of accessible matrix, we rule out the S6 element which is strongly connected to the element S2, so it belongs to and the third layer.
Fig. 3.The reduction matrix hierarchy chart Drawing the multilevel hierarchical directed graph Arrangement all the factors according to the existing level, then draw a arc of direct contact between the elements of different layer according to the left "1" element after removal unit matrix after in (L) [10] (Fig.4).
Consulting company need a long-term data collection of these factors, and analysis and forecast their development trend.
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