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It is essential that responsible engineers have at their disposal the means to verify that the affected structures retain an acceptable margin of safety.
Corrosion may affect residual capacity of the concrete structures through four mechanisms, including change of reinforcement mechanical properties, loss of reinforcement section, loss of concrete section and a reduction in bond between reinforcement and concrete.
Because all investigations [2-6] verified that the dominant factor governing the corrosion-damaged beams failure was the fatigue fracture of the reinforcement, this paper reports a study into the effects of corrosion on fatigue property of reinforcement conducted through physical testes in which corrosion was accelerated by means of anodic polarization.
For higher degrees of corrosion, the pits did not significantly increase in depth, thus the stress concentration factor at the ribs would not significantly change.
Workshop on Durability of Reinforced Concrete under Combined Mechanical and Climatic Loads(CMCL) Qingdao, China, Oct. 2005, pp.207�212

This study aims to examine the effect of the pore on mortar properties with eggshell powder (ESP) as its fine aggregate alternative based on two fundamental properties: microstructural and mechanical strength.
Additionally, concrete with an eggshell composition has acceptable mechanical and radiation shielding properties [32].
Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the properties of the modified mortar with eggshell powder (ESP) as its fine aggregate alternative based on two fundamental properties: microstructural and mechanical strength.
Mechanical properties of hardened mortars.
A variety of factors can influence pore formation.

The experiment parameters included on-time duty factor, off-time, voltage, frequency, and current, respectively.
However, as machining micro hole by drilling on Inconel 718 is difficult due to its properties.
Experiment parameters affect to machining time, which is individual conditions and characteristic of micro-hole drilled affect to taper hole difference.
It was found that the main parameters used in the experiment are the factors that affect the time it takes to drill.
Which affect the of electrode wear ratio as shown in Figure 4.

The hydraulic system caused by a bad seal leakage is a common fault system is also an important factor affecting the system work properly .
On the other hand, the physical properties of the seal is often due to the chemical resistance and improved heat resistance deteriorates.
According to the geometry , boundary conditions sealing structure , material properties and the symmetry of the load ring , which was simplified to a plane axisymmetric model .
Water is also a common contaminant in mineral oil, one affects the lubricating properties of the hydraulic fluid and cause aging of the sealing material at high temperatures, cracking or decomposition of the sealing material.
Mechanical Engineering Materials .

Fillers play important roles in modifying desirable properties of polymer due to their interesting electrical, mechanical and also electronic properties.
The dispersion of the TiO2 may be affected by many factors.
One of the main factors is hydrogen bonding which is necessary to avoid the agglomeration in the thin film.
Chatterjee, Optoelectronic properties of Ge-doped TiO2 nanoparticles, A.
[6] Chatterjee, Properties improvement of PMMA using nano TiO2, A.

As contemporary pipeline steel fracture toughness cannot be characterized by critical elastic stress intensity factors (e.g.
Due to high-strength pipeline steel is rolled, the tensile properties is anisotropic [8].
Some investigations on microstructure and mechanical properties of submerged arc welded HSLA steel joints.
Role of tandem submerged arc welding thermal cycles on properties of the heat affected zone in X80 microalloyed pipe line steel.
Effects of acicular ferrite on charpy impact properties in heat affected zones of oxide-containing API X80 linepipe steels.

After full development of this technology, remote sensing will be applied to detect soil water content or even water-induced landslides Introduction Soil water content (SWC) is one of the major properties of soil and is an essential soil property in both agricultural and environmental fields.
SWC affects the accuracy of measuring other soil properties (such as C, N and other nutrients) using spectra-related techniques [1].
The basic properties (including soil texture, soil particle density, pH, soil electrical conductivity and mechanical analysis) of these 2 types of soil are shown in Table 1.The SWC estimated in this study is gravimetric water content, which can be measured with Eq. (1).
The basic properties of RS and YAS Red soil Younger alluvial soil Soil texture Clay loam Loam sand Soil particle density (g/cm3) 2.48 2.69 pH 5 7.6 Soil electrical conductivity EC(mS/cm) 0.210 1.8 Mechanical analysis Sand % 29.8 88.1 Slit % 36.5 10.2 Clay % 33.7 1.7 Spectrometer and measurement.
Conclusions Because of the variability in color, texture, and origin of the soil samples in the field, the factors affecting the reflectance of the soil samples are complex, causing difficulties to estimate SWC precisely by using a spectrometer.

Furthermore, the effects of the PEDOT:PSS on the mechanical properties of the OLED are also studied.
In addition to electrical and optical properties, mechanical properties also play a significant role in OLEDs.
However, study of the mechanical properties of organic electronic devices is still rare in literature.
Furthermore, the microstructure and mechanical properties of the devices are also discussed.
The microstructure, mechanical properties, and luminance of the OLEDs are tested.

In this research, in order to simulate both thermal and mechanical transient behavior in FSW butt joint of two plates simply and precisely, a combined method of MPS and FEM was developed and it was applied for revealing the dominant factors of inherent strain generated in FSW.
In both thermal and mechanical analyses using FEM, the physical properties should be defined to be temperature dependent [4].
Summary In order to simulate both thermal and mechanical transient behavior in FSW butt joint of two plates simply and precisely, a combined method of MPS and FEM was developed and it was applied for revealing the dominant factors of inherent strain generated at FSW.
Bhadeshia, Recent Advances in Friction-Stir Welding – Process, Weldment Structure and Properties, Progress in Materials Science, 53 (2008) 980-1023
Murakawa, Numerical Study of Factors for Generating Inherent Strain in Friction Stir Welding, Trends in Welding Research 2012, Proceedings of the 9th International Conference, (2013) 922-929

As a result of prolonged exposure to these factors, cracks form in reinforced concrete, which may eventually lead to structural failure.
As is known, the most complete information about the actual strength and other mechanical properties of the material for various types of deformations (tension, compression, bending) is given by laboratory tests of samples using standard destructive methods.
As an indirect characteristic, the values of surface hardness, elastic and plastic deformations of materials, their electromagnetic and acoustic properties can be used.
The second sample was made without the use of fibre, in order to better understand how the presence of polypropylene fibre affects the electrical response.
The scattering of acoustic waves on cracks in concrete affects the attenuation of the electrical response.