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In tyre mold processing, pattern block processing is technologically disturbing, of which the tread pattern is the most challenging.
Considered as a key step in tyre making, tyre mold processing has to be very accurate.
Thus, traditional ways to design tyre mold has been put to test.
Characteristics of tire tread Graphic design which unfolds tread pattern is shown in Fig. 1.It is the basis of the tire mold design.
Cavity surface construction of tyre tread pattern mold and its finish machining [J].

To satisfy the manufacturing requirement of tyre tread pattern mold, the problem of machining region planning in the computer aided manufacturing of tyre mold is introduced.
This method is applied in the computer aided manufactuing of tyre tread mold, by which machining region planning can be solved effectively.
The manufacturing tendency of tyre mold is NC manufacturing, so only by the CAD/CAM can tyre mold succeed in improving the quality and cycle-time reduction.
Relative paper,for examples, Cavity surface construction of tyre tread pattern mold and its finish machining[1], Application of CAD/CAM Technology in Engraving Letter on Tire Mold Sidewall[2].
There are two sorts of tread pattern in tyre mold, which include solid pattern and hollow pattern.

It is focused on the tyre tread pattern lateral stiffness under static conditions.
The major parts of a tyre are following [3,4]: · Tread – is the top part of the tyre contacting the ground.
Fig. 3: Tyre tread pattern with the proposed bridges for the simulated MPT tread pattern.
· Assumed Coulomb friction coefficient between road and tyre: 0.5 Stiffnesses of the tread blocks.
Nekoksa, Calculation of the tyre curing mould cavity shape using FEM, Manufacturing Technology, Volume17, Issue 4, 2017.

The major parts of an all-steel OTR tyre are following [2]: · Tread – contains a massive tread pattern and is the tyre contact point to the ground
· Carcass – stiff layers of steel cords that are laid at an angle close to 90° to the centreline of the tread.
· Belts – layers of steel cords that are laid at a small angle to the centreline of the tread and are located under the tread.
d) At the end, whole belt layer was separated from the adjacent layer and the cracks could further propagate to the other region as sidewall or tread causing ultimate failure of the tyre.
Nekoksa, Calculation of the tyre curing mould cavity shape using FEM, Manufacturing Technology, Volume17, Issue 4, 2017.

A “Green” Rubber Compound for Making Tire Tread With Antistatic Feature K.
Yong1,a and Ahmad Kifli Che Aziz1,b 1 Technology and Engineering Division, Rubber Research Institute of Malaysia, Malaysian Rubber board, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia akcyong@lgm.gov.my (corresponding author), bkifli@lgm.gov.my Keywords: Epoxidized natural rubber; physical properties; electrical conductivity; antistatic; tyre tread Abtract.
Each of the sulfur-vulcanization system containing compounds was weighed and fed into a mold (varied according to the type of test).
The mold together with the compound were sent for vulcanization by using a hot press machine at 150oC, pressure 60 psi and duration based on the curing time pre-measured by a Monsanto’s moving die-rheometer.
References [1] Rubber tread compound for hot (conventional) retreading of passenger car and commercial vehicle tyres: specification (first revision), Malaysia Standard 1097, Department of Standards Malaysia, Putrajaya, 2005

The renovation process including the carcass of tire inspection, repair, polishing, brush glue, tread molding (including post pad, pre vulcanized tread and pressed), vulcanization, final inspection.
Secondly, they will be put into hardware mold vulcanization machine to be vulcanized in high temperature of 150℃.
Grinding diameter should be decided according to the size of the radial tire adhesive thickness, and vulcanizing mold .
Tread molding.Post the cushion gum and prevulcanized tread on the surface of matrix, which has been polished and brushed well.
The renovation process including the carcass of tire inspection, repair, polishing, brush glue, tread molding (including post pad, pre vulcanized tread and pressed), vulcanization, final inspection.

In tyre industries, rheological and processability properties of rubber and polymer are of great importance since there are a lot extrusion processes involved in the tyre manufacturing other than calendaring and moulding processes.
Introduction The rheology of polymer melts is considered to be one of the most important factors in determining the properties of a polymer product especially for those which require good flow properties in polymer processing, fabrication and molding process.
Table 1: Formulation for ENR-25/Silica Compounds for Truck Tyre Tread.
Mooney viscosity of masterbatches and compounds of ENR/silica mixes based on truck tyre tread formulations are shown in Table 2.
Rauline, Rubber compound and tyres based on such a compound.

Rheological studies of polymers are of great importance in optimizing the processing conditions and in designing processing equipments like injection molding machines, extruders, and dies required for various products.
A total of 80phr of filler content based on passenger tyre tread formulation was used in the experiment.
The rheology of polymer melts is considered to be one of the most important factors in determining the properties of a polymer product especially for those which require good flow properties in polymer processing, fabrication and molding process.
The Mooney viscosity of masterbatches and compounds of ENR/silica mixes for passenger car tyre treads with different loading level of carbon black V1345 (varies from 5 pphr to 20 pphr) are shown in Table 2.
Carbon-Silica Dual Phase Filler, A New Generation Reinforcing Agent for Rubber Part IX, Application to Truck Tire Tread Compound.

As a result, this newly formulated compound can be targeted for making antistatic tire tread of commercial vehicles.
However, silica is a type of highly electrically insulating material that can reduce the electrical conductivity of its’ produced tire tread.
Each of the sulfur-vulcanization system containing compounds was weighed and fed into a mold (varied according to the type of test).
The mold together with the compound were sent for vulcanization by using a hot press machine at 150oC, pressure 60 psi and duration based on the curing time pre-measured by a Monsanto’s moving die-rheometer.
References [1] Malaysia Standard 1097, Rubber Tread Compound for Hot (Conventional) Retreading of Passenger Car and Commercial Vehicle Tyres: Specification, first revision, Department of Standards Malaysia, Putrajaya, 2005

Pressure function method in tyre structure design J.
*Corresponding author: J.Z.WANG, Email: Jared_w@163.com The tire structure design doesn't aim at the zero pressure state, but the state within the curing mould strictly.
When a tire is in the mould, the tire body outline would be restrained and the pressure of different points aren't equal to each other.
The inflated state of tire is a popularization state of the tire within the curing mould essentially.
These values are the important parameters for the tire structure model shape. 4.2 Adjustable variable of the tire structure model calculation In the curing process, the tire is restrained by vulcanizing mould, so its shape should be influenced by the pressure function described above.