Paper Titles

Oxygen Transfer Reactions during Sintering of Ferrous Powder Compacts
p.3

New Steel Combinations Produced by the Damascus Technique
p.14

Morphological and Thermophysical Behavior of Hidroxyapatite Powders Processed by Mechanical Milling
p.22

Investigation of the Pore Morphology of the Hydroxyapatite-Based Bicomposites Processed by Two Step Sintering
p.32

Fracture Behavior as Selection Criterion for Alloplastic Bone Graft Applications
p.42

Obtaining of Biopolymer from Onion Used as a Binder in Powder Injection Molding Process
p.50

Resistance Spot Welding of some Sintered Steels
p.56

Calcium-Doped Y114 Layered Cobalt Perovskite, a Promising Anodic Material for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell
p.63

HomeAdvanced Engineering ForumAdvanced Engineering Forum Vol. 27Oxygen Transfer Reactions during Sintering of...

Oxygen Transfer Reactions during Sintering of Ferrous Powder Compacts

Article Preview

Abstract:

Powder metallurgy products may be started from powders with widely varying oxygen affinity. Thus the natural oxygen content of the powder compacts also varies in reducibility in the early stages of sintering. Here it is shown that prealloyed powders containing Cr require higher temperatures for oxygen removal than e.g. unalloyed or Ni-Cu alloyed grades. In case of powder mixes of base iron powder with Cr, Mn or Si, oxygen transfer from Fe to the additive powders may occur during heating up to sintering temperature, the “internal getter effect”. A similar effect can be observed in Cr prealloyed powders in which iron oxides initially present on the powder surfaces are transformed to more stable oxides in a fairly early stage of heating. Finally, also the formation of CH₄ observed when sintering alloy steels containing Si, Mn or Cr in H₂ can be attributed to an oxygen transfer effect.

You might also be interested in these eBooks

Advanced Engineering Forum Vol. 27

Info:

Periodical:

Advanced Engineering Forum (Volume 27)

Pages:

3-13

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AEF.27.3

Citation:

Cite this paper

Online since:

April 2018

Authors:

Herbert Danninger*, Raquel de Oro Calderon, Christian Gierl-Mayer

Keywords:

Oxygen Transfer, Powder metallurgy, Reduction, Sintered Steels, Sintering Atmosphere

Export:

RIS, BibTeX

Price:

Permissions CCC:

Request Permissions

Permissions PLS:

Request Permissions

Сopyright:

© 2018 Trans Tech Publications Ltd. All Rights Reserved

Share:

Citation:

* - Corresponding Author

[1] ASM Handbook Vol.7 Powder metal technologies and applications,, ASM, Materials Park OH (1998).

[2] R.M. German, Powder metallurgy of iron and steel. MPIF, Princeton NJ (1996).

[3] A.Flodin, Powder metallurgy gears: Opportunities for enhancing automotive transmission design, Powder Metall. Review 3 No.1 (2014) 45-53.

[4] F.V. Lenel, Powder metallurgy – principles and applications. MPIF, Princeton NJ (1980).

[5] H.C. Neubing, G.Jangg, Sintering of aluminium parts – the state of the art, Metal Powder Report 42 (1987) pp.354-358.

[6] B.Lindqvist, Chromium alloyed PM steels - a new powder generation, Proc. EuroPM2001, Nice, EPMA, Shrewsbury (2001) Vol.1, pp.13-21.

[7] H.Danninger, C. Gierl, S. Kremel, G. Leitner, K. Jaenicke-Rößler, Y. Yu, Degassing and deoxidation processes during sintering of unalloyed and alloyed PM steels, Powder Metallurgy Progress Vol. 2, No.2 (2002) pp.125-140.

[8] M.Motooka, N.Kuroishi. A.Hara, N.Furukawa, Strength and ductility of Mn-Cr sintered steel, Metal Powder Report 38 (1983) No.11, p.3.

[9] H.Danninger, C.Gierl, New Alloying Systems for Ferrous Powder Metallurgy Precision Parts, Sci. Sintering 40 (2008) pp.33-46.

DOI: 10.2298/sos0801033d

[10] O.Bergman, L.Nyborg, Evaluation of sintered properties of PM steels based on Cr and Cr-Mn prealloyed powders, Powder Metall. Progress 10 No.1 (2010) pp.1-19.

[11] A.Šalak, Ferrous Powder Metallurgy, CISP, Cambridge UK (1995).

[12] B.Lindsley, S.Shah, G.Schluterman, J.Falleur, Mn-Containing Steels for High Performance PM Applications, Adv. Powder Metall. & Partic. Mater. - 2011 (Proc. PowderMet2011, San Francisco), compiled by I.E. Anderson, T.W. Pelletiers, MPIF, Princeton NJ (2011).

[13] J.Tengzelius, S.E. Grek, C.A. Blände, Limitations and possibilities in the utilization of Cr and Mn as alloying elements in high strength sintered steels, Modern Dev. in Powder Metall. 13 (1981) pp.159-182.

[14] A.Šalak, High strength sintered manganese steels, Modern Dev. in Powder Metall. 13 (1981) pp.183-201.

[15] A.Šalak, M.Selecka, R. Bures, Manganese in ferrous powder metallurgy, Powder Metall. Progress 1 No.1 (2001) pp.41-58.

[16] I.Karasuno, K.Koshiro, M.Umino, M.Ichidate, Some properties of oil atomized low alloy steel powders containing chromium, Horizons in PM (Proc. PM'86 Düsseldorf), W.A. Kaysser, W.J. Huppmann eds., Verlag Schmid, Freiburg (1986) Vol.1, pp.53-56.

[17] S.Unami, K.Ogura, S.Uenosono, Effect of C on the strength of sintered Cr-Mo alloyed steel powder compacts, Proc. PM'98 Powder Metallurgy World Congress Granada, EPMA, Shrewsbury (1998) Vol.3, pp.173-177.

DOI: 10.2497/jjspm.43.1106

[18] S.Berg, B.Maroli, Properties obtained by chromium-containing material, Adv. Powder Metall. and Partic. Mater. – 2002 (Proc. PM2002 Orlando, MPIF, Princeton NJ (2002) Part 8, p.1 (on CD).

[19] R. de Oro Calderon, E. Bernardo Quejido, M. Campos Gomez, C. Gierl-Mayer, H. Danninger, J.M. Torralba, Tailoring master alloys for liquid phase sintering: Effect of introducing oxidation-sensitive elements, Powder Metallurgy Vol. 59 (2016).

DOI: 10.1080/00325899.2016.1148897

[20] F.Castro, P.Ortiz, Study of gas-solid interactions during sintering of Cr-containing PM steels, Proc. EuroPM2003, Valencia, EPMA, Shrewsbury (2003) Vol.1, pp.261-267.

[21] H.Karlsson, L.Nyborg, S.Berg, Y.Yu: Surface product formation of chromium alloyed steel powder particles. Proc. EuroPM2001, Nice, EPMA, Shrewsbury (2001) Vol.1, pp.22-27.

[22] Hryha, C. Gierl, L. Nyborg, H. Danninger, E. Dudrova: Surface composition of the steel powders pre-alloyed with manganese,, Appl. Surf. Sci. Vol. 256 (2010) pp.3946-3961.

DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2010.01.055

[23] C.Gierl-Mayer, H.Danninger: Dilatometry coupled with MS as instrument for process control in sintering of powder metallurgy steels. Powder Metall. Progress 15 (2015) No.1, pp.3-12.

DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.835.106

[24] A.R. Glassner: The Thermochemical Properties of the Oxides, Chlorides, and Fluorides to 2500°K. U.S. Atomic Energy Comm. Rep. ANL-5750, Washington D.C., (1957).

DOI: 10.2172/4348903

[25] S.Karamchedu, E.Hryha, L.Nyborg: Changes in the surface chemistry of chromium-alloyed powder metallurgical steel during delubrication and their impact on sintering. J. Mater. Processing Technol. 223 (2015) 171-185.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2015.03.054

[26] Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 67th Ed., CRC Press, Inc. Boca Raton FL, (1989).

[27] H. Danninger, A. Avakemian, C. Gierl-Mayer, M. Dlapka, M. Grafinger, Methane formation through substrate-atmosphere interaction during sintering of Si containing steels, Proc. Euro PM2014, EPMA, Shrewsbury UK (2014), Paper-Nr. EP14038.

[28] C.Gierl-Mayer, R. de Oro Calderon, H. Danninger, The role of oxygen transfer in sintering of low alloy steel powder compacts: A review of the internal getter, effect, JOM 68 (2016) No.3, pp.920-927.

DOI: 10.1007/s11837-016-1819-z

[29] H. Danninger, R. Pöttschacher, S. Bradac, A. Salak, J. Seyrkammer, Comparison of Mn, Cr and Mo alloyed sintered steels prepared from elemental powders, Powder Metall. 59 (2005) pp.23-32.

DOI: 10.1179/003258905x37567

[30] C. Gierl-Mayer, H. Danninger, R. de Oro Calderon, Methane Formation During Sintering Of PM Steels Alloyed With Chromium And/or Manganese, Proc. WorldPM2016 Congress and Exhibition, Hamburg, EPMA, Shrewsbury (2016) paper no. 3296841.

[31] R. de Oro Calderon, C. Gierl-Mayer, H. Danninger, Effects of H2 atmospheres on sintering of steels containing oxidation sensitive elements introduced through the master alloy route. Advances in Powder Metallurgy & Particulate Materials (2016).

DOI: 10.1007/s11837-017-2287-9