Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 291-294

Abstract: Waste oil is an important part of the renewable energy, the main component is triglyceride that can be used to generate light olefins by steam cracking. The steam cracking feedstock is naphtha mixed with different proportions of waste oil, mainly in order to study the effect of different mixing ratio on the yield of ethylene, propylene and butadiene. In the case of the mixing ratio of naphtha and waste oil is 1:1, the optimum operating conditions are obtained: the steam cracking temperature is 775°C, the water- oil ratio is 0.65, the residence time is 0.4s.

Abstract: The present paper deals with the study of effects of heat flux on flammability of lignocellulose materials at application of flame retardants, which may restrict or retard the burning of mentioned materials. Significance of the impact of heat flux is important from the viewpoint of fire protection. The heat flux is namely one of the most critical factors causing ignition, the subsequent flame propagation, and last but not least it also affects the burning rate. The aim of this paper is to present the results achieved from experimental measurements of heat flux acting on the selected lignocellulose materials with and without application of flame retardants.

Abstract: In this paper, the pyrolysis of Honehe Lignite in N2 and N2-Methanol atmospheres were investigated on a fixed-bed reactor. The methanol flow rate, pressure, temperature and holding time were studied. The maximum of coal tar yields 12.01% (with methanol injected in) and 9.61% (absence of methanol) were achieved on the conditions of 520°C, 0.5MPa, N2 flow rate 50ml/min, methanol flow rate 0.1ml/min and holding time 20min, and the relative growing rate was about 25.0%. The gas from coal pyrolysis was detected by GC, and the coal tar was reprocessed and then detected by GC-MS. While the solid char was detected by IR to study the change of oxygen functional group during coal pyrolysis in N2-Methanol atmosphere. Compared with that pyrolysis in N2 atmosphere, the components, characteristics and properties of coal tar, gas and solid char varied a lot. The results showed that the injection of methanol into the system changed the products yields and distribution. The results showed that the total yields of phenol, cresol and xylenol (short for PCX) in the Acidic were about 1.93% and 1.15% (daf) in two atmospheres respectively, the PCX yields with methanol injected was about 1.67 times higher than that absence of methanol.

Abstract: The pyrolysis characteristics of lignite with low ash were investigated and the influences of heating rate on the weight loss process were also discussed. The results showed the lignite pyrolysis process can be divided into three stages, in which the second stage, the temperature range is about 300oC ~550oC, is the main process of the weight loss; with the heating rate is enhanced, the temperature of maximum rate of weight loss was increased while the maximum rate of coal weight loss is increased, and the temperature of maximum rate of coal weight loss is basically the same.

Abstract: A novel pre-cyclone jet singlet oxygen generator (PJSOG) has been the focus of research for recent years. In this paper, the high liquid-gas ratio separation performances of PJSOG have been studied by means of theoretical and experimental analysis. The liquid excess of the critical mass concentration portion can be easily captured due to initial BHP particles swirling momentum for a specific designed structure. At high flow speeds, the vacuum mixed Cl2/He with a weak entrainment capability insures high separation efficiency. Large quantities of experiments have verified that the new PJSOG do have the excellent operation performances of high separation efficiency, high O2 (1Δ) output coefficient, high utilization coefficient of Cl2 and excellent operating flexibility and stability. All the results show that the new PJSOG is a feasible and promising technology in singlet oxygen generation cases.

Abstract: This study investigates the decolorization of C.I. Reactive Red 2 (RR2) by the UV/TiO2, UV/ZnO, UV/TiO2/ZnO, O3, UV/O3, O3/MnO2, UV/H2O2, UV/H2O2/Fe3+, UV/O3/H2O2, and UV/O3/H2O2/Fe3+ systems. The values of the electrical energy per order of pollutant removal (EEO) and decolorization rate were determined and compared for all tested systems. The decolorization rate constant (ka) fit pseudo-first-order kinetics. Under 365 nm irradiation, the highest ka value and lowest EEO value were with the UV/O3 (0.0924 min-1) and O3/MnO2 (1.68) systems, respectively. Moreover, under 254 nm irradiation, the highest ka value and lowest EEO value were with the UV/O3/H2O2/Fe3+ (0.096 min-1) and UV/H2O2/Fe3+ (2.01) systems, respectively.

Abstract: Spinel LiMn2O4 was prepared by solid state reaction from composite carbonate precursors Li2CO3 and MnCO3, which were obtained by coprecipitation method. The physicochemical properties of spinel LiMn₂O₄ and its precursor were investigated by simultaneous thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron micrographs (SEM) and galvanostatic charge-discharge test, respectively. The carbonate precursors demonstrate the porous spherical flower-like morphology, and spinel LiMn₂O₄ shows the rod or rod clusters-like one with different particle sizes. The spinel LiMn₂O₄ prepared from composite carbonate precursors delivers an initial discharge capacity of 115 mAh/g with excellent capacity retention, indicating an attractive application in the high-power lithium-ion batteries.

Abstract: The influence of factors, including different raw material ratio, drying temperature, concentration of glycerol and degassing time, on properties of chitosan edible film was studied. The results showed that higher mechanical properties of films could be achieved when chitosan and glycerin concentration were 1.5% and 0.5% respectively, and dried temperature was 55°C. Addition of proper amount of plasticizer could improve the properties of film.

Abstract: Levulinic acid （LA）is a highly versatile platform chemical that can be converted into a broad variety of value-added fuels and chemicals. LA can be produced from the botanic biomass by hydrolyzing. The aim of the present study is to investigate the conversion of glucose to LA by ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst for LA production and optimized to obtain the maximum yield of LA. The main experimental parameters are the amount of ZSM-5 zeolite added, reaction temperature, reaction time and concentration of glucose. The results showed that the optimization of the conversion of glucose to LA by ZSM-5 zeolite. An optimized LA yield was obtained at 190 °C for 2.5 h with 3 g ZSM-5 zeolite catalys and the highest LA yield was 69. 32%.

Abstract: Unique NiO and Co₃O₄ nanostructures were successfully deposited on nickel foam (NF) substrate by a hydrothermal process. Both of them are highly dispersed on the surface of NF, showing a unique nanoporous film structure. They exhibit excellent electrochemical performance due to their effective porous structure which introducing facile electrolyte penetration and fast proton exchange. The highest specific capacitance of 231 and 493 F g^-1 are achieved for NiO and Co₃O₄ electrodes at a current density of 0.5 A g^-1, respectively.