A Brief Historical Review of Western Approaches to Energy Design before Professionalism

Abstract:

For the last two decades most professional architectural and engineering associations have encouraged their members to embrace an integrated design approach to improve and minimize the energy flows through buildings, cities and the broader ecosystem. While the integrated design approach often is portrayed as relatively novel approach, the reality is that it is only since the rise of professionalism in the Western world that the building industry developed a disjointed approach to energy design in the built environment. Previously the professions of architecture and engineering were intertwined, and the architect-engineers of antiquity, the Renaissance and the Enlightenment still can serve as role models for how building industry professionals can take a unified approach to design even considering the complexities of modern building techniques. This paper attempts to provide a brief historical review of the integrated approach to energy design that many architect-engineers took before the industrial revolution.

• Periodical: Applied Mechanics and Materials (Volumes 365-366)
• Pages: 1289-1293
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.365-366.1289
• Online since: August 2013
• Authors: Juliet Landler
• Keywords: Architects, Building Energy Design, Engineers, Integrated Design, Professionalism, Professions, Science

References

[1] L. Mumford, Retrospect and Prospect, The City in History: Its Origins, Its Transformations, and Its Prospects: The Compete Work, Thames and Hudson, Amsterdam (1961), p.177.

[2] J. Lindsay, Blast-Power and Ballistics: Concepts of Force and Energy in the Ancient World, Barnes and Noble, New York (2009), pp.1-2.

[3] Vitruvius,. Ten Books on Architecture. Trans. by M. Morgan: Harvard University Press. Cambridge (1914).

[4] J. Lindsay, Blast-Power and Ballistics: Concepts of Force and Energy in the Ancient World, Barnes and Noble, New York (2009), p.2.

[5] K. Butti and Perlin, J., A Golden Thread: 2500 Years of Solar Architecture and Technology, Chesire Books, Palo Aalto (1980), pp.12-15.

DOI: 10.2307/3104094

[6] Vitruvius,. Ten Books on Architecture. Trans. by M. Morgan: Harvard University Press. Cambridge (1914).

[7] E. Battisti, Filippo Brunelleschi: The Complete Work, Thames and Hudson, Amsterdam (1981).

[8] L. Alberti, De re aedificatoria: On the art of building in ten books, (trans. Joseph Rykwer, RobertTavernor and Neil Leach). MIT Press, Cambridge (1988).

[9] J. Wilton-Ely, The Rise of the Professional Architect in England, in S. Kostof, eds. The Architect: Chapters in the History of the Profession, Oxford University Press. New York, (1977). p.185.

DOI: 10.1086/ahr/82.4.924

[10] T. Morrison, Isaac Newton, Architect, The Seventeenth Century. Vol. 26. No 1 April. (2011), pp.130-148.

DOI: 10.1080/0268117x.2011.10555662

[11] M. Cooper, "Robert Hooke (1635-1703): The Hidden Surveyor Revealed.

[12] M. Rosenfeld, The Royal Building Administration in France from Charles V to Louis XIV., In S. Kostof, eds. The Architect: Chapters in the History of the Profession, New York: Oxford University Press, New York. (1977), p.177.

DOI: 10.1086/ahr/82.4.924

[13] J. Wilton-Ely, The Rise of the Professional Architect in England, in S. Kostof, eds. The Architect: Chapters in the History of the Profession, Oxford University Press. New York, (1977). pp.187-192.

DOI: 10.1086/ahr/82.4.924

[14] M. Woods, From Craft to Profession: The Practice of Architecture in Nineteenth-Century America. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles (1999). p.16.

DOI: 10.1086/ahr/106.3.993