Applied Mechanics and Materials Vol. 389

Abstract: 1-methyl-3-butyl Imidazole chloride is prepared by 1methyl imidazole and chlorinated n-butane. BMIBF₄ ionic liquid is prepared by BMIC and NaBF₄ in the acetone. Scanning ionic liquid in 200~400nm wavelength range, get UV-spectrum curve. The ionic liquid used in the experiment has obvious absorption in 200~400nm wavelength range, and the maximum absorption wavelength determined by ultraviolet spectrometry method is 222nm. Linear regression equation is y =0.02311x+0.02861. Correlation coefficient is 0.99925, indicating there is high related degree between the solution concentration and the absorbance value. The linear range of BMIBF₄ ionic liquid in the ethanol is 1-75 mg/L. Take samples randomly and have a repeated determination 5 times, the precision is RSD=0.25%, the recovery rate is between 97.4%~102%.

Abstract: Copper (II) imprinted polymer particles were prepared by surface molecular imprinting technique in toluenewith 1-hy-droxy-4-(prop-2-enyloxy)-9, 10-anthraquinone (AQ) as the functional monomer, silica gel as the carrier.The effect of adsorption time, acidity, temperature and concentration on adsorption capacity was investigated by atomic absorption spectrometry. Selectivity for Cu²⁺ of the prepared polymer was also studied in mixed aqueous solution, the ion imprinted polymer were applied to the determination of Cu²⁺ in river and tap water samples, the concentration of Cu²⁺ in water samples were determined and the recoveries of Cu²⁺ in river and tap water samples were 110.7% and 109.2%, respectively.

Abstract: Biodiesel is prepared from waste cooking oil and methanol. The ester exchange reaction is conducted under ultrasonic conditions with alkali as the catalysts. Five factors influencing on the transesterification reaction of biodiesel production are discussed in this study, including the reaction time, reaction temperature, catalyst amount, methanol to oil molar ratio, ultrasonic power. A series of laboratory experiments were carried out to test the conversion of biodiesel under various conditions. The process of biodiesel production was optimized by application of orthogonal test obtain the optimum conditions for biodiesel synthesis. The results showed that the optimum reaction conditions were:molar ratio of oil to methanol 8:1,catalysts 1.2g KOH/100g oil,reaction temperature 70°C, reaction time 50 min,Ultrasonic power 400W. The conversion may up to 96.48%.

Abstract: The chemical Langevin method is adopted to study effects of intrinsic noise in calcium bursting oscillations. Results show that by changing the cell volume and thus tuning the strength of internal noise the calcium oscillations show different performance. With the addition of small magnitude intrinsic noise the bursting oscillations do not appear irregular, for moderate volumes relative regular bursting oscillations are observed and internal noise shortens the period of bursting oscillations. As the volume decreases, the level of internal noise increases. Thus, for the volume small enough, the level of internal noise becomes so high that bursting behavior is disrupted, resulting in random oscillations. The most interesting phenomenon is that with the decrease of cell volume the bursting oscillations disappear entirely and only spikes remain. This will be helpful for understanding frequency encoding.

Abstract: Hydroxyapatite whiskers were prepared with diammonium hydrogen phosphate, calcium nitrate, nitric acid, sorbitol, HAP seed and carbamide by hydrothermal homogeneous precipitation. The HAP seeds served as whiskers nuclei and sorbitol served as template. The prepared hydroxyapatite whiskers were characterized by XRD,SEM and FTIR. It was indicated that hydroxyapatite whiskers with high crystallinity grew alone Z axis with carbonated trend, and the appearance of HAP was smooth, less magazine and no reunion, the length-diameter ratio of the whiskers was in range of 125-8 with the average is 32.78.

Abstract: The fluorescence spectra of three coumarin derivatives are studied. Geometric configurations of the three compounds are optimized by DFT method of quantum chemistry on B3LYP/6-31G. There is no imaginary frequency in vibrational analysis. Their excitation spectra are calculated by TD-DFT method. Furthermore, geometric configurations in excited state of the three compounds are optimized by CIS method. Based on the excited configuration emission spectra are also calculated. All the calculated results are in good agreement with experimental values.

Abstract: Biosorption is an environmental friendly method for metal removal as it can be used as a cost effective and efficient technique for heavy metal removal. A lot of biomass can be choosed as biosorbent such as waste material from food processing and agriculture.ent. This paper will review the potential used of local fruit rind as biosorbent for heavy metal removal in wastewater. Heavy metals have been in various industries and resulted to a toxic condition in aquatic ecosystem. Therefore, various techniques have been employed for the treatment of metal-bearing industrial wastewaters including biological treatment through biosorption. Biosorption offers the advantages of low cost, good efficiency and production of sludge with high metal content is possible to avoid by the existence of metal recovery method from metal loaded biosorbent. The successful application of local fruit waste in treating wastewater containing heavy metals requires a deeper understanding of how biosorbent material proceeds.

Abstract: In Malaysia and worldwidely, concrete is one of the most popular construction material because of its strong, durable and inexpensive material. It has speciality of being cast in any desirable shape but plain concrete however is porous, possesses very low tensile strength, limited ductility and little resistance to cracking. These problem become more complicated in various environmental condition like Malaysia to which concrete is exposed. Conventionally, a variety of sealing agent namely, latex emulsions suffer from serious limitations of incompatible interfaces, susceptible to ultraviolet radiations, unstable molecular structure and high cost. Therefore, a novel and more environmental friendly technique is proposed for treating concrete material in structure by employing bacteria induced calcium carbonate precipitation in the form of calcite

Abstract: Biodiesel has attracted considerable interest in recent years as an alternative, biodegradable and nonpolluting transportation fuel. Conventional alkaline process for biodiesel production are energy consuming and generate undesirable by-products such as soaps, that make difficult the separation and purification of biodiesel. Ionic liquids as environmentally benign chemical solvent, had been used in diverse chemical reactions. Especially, they could be applied in biodiesel production. Preparation of biodiesel catalyzed by ionic liquids have many merits, such as no corrosion to equipment, no pollution to environment, and reusability. Ionic liquids can improve the catalytic activity and they have wide utilization prospect in biodiesel preparation. In this paper, the advances in the Brønsted ionic liquids catalysts and their application in biodiesel production through esterification of fatty acids were reviewed. In addition, the prospect for the application of the ionic liquids to catalyze biodiesel production was also stated. Since the cost of ionic liquid may be an issue, there are some challenges to be faced, such as the production of ionic liquids with low cost, easy recovery and with the possibility of reutilization of the catalyst for several cycles.