Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 423-426

Abstract: The Ce_0.8Sm_0.2O_1.9 (SDC) interlayer was prepared by screen-printing method between LaBaCo₂O_5+δ (LBCO) cathode and 8YSZ electrolyte for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs). The effect of SDC interlayer on the electrochemical performance of LBCO cathode was investigated. Experimental results showed that the LBCO cathode with SDC interlayer showed much lower area-specific resistance (ASR) and polarization overpotential than that of LBCO cathode without SDC interlayer at the same test condition, exhibiting the better electrochemical performance. For LBCO cathode with SDC interlayer, the ASR was 0.457 Ωcm² at 800 °C in air, about 36.2 % lower than that of the LBCO cathode without SDC interlayer, and the cathodic overpotential was reduced by 38.0 % at a current density of 0.02 Acm^-2 at 700 °C in air. The application of a thin-layer SDC interlayer between cathode and dense 8YSZ electrolyte showed great potential in improving the cathode performance for IT-SOFCs.

Abstract: A non-equilibrium atmospheric pressure plasma was applied for the polymerization of the methacrylic monomers such as (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), methacrylic acid (MAA) and butyl methacrylate (BMA)). These monomers were successfully polymerized with retaining the functional groups of ester or acid. The polymerization mechanism was discussed on the basis of the optical emission spectroscopy (OES) of the plasma. It was strongly suggested that the functional groups could be retained in the polymerization proceeds when the HOMO-LUMO gap of the monomer is close to the energy of Ar metastable atom, which initiates the polymerization.

Abstract: Li3V2(PO4)3/C composite cathode material was prepared by carbothermal reduction using LiOHH2O, NH4H2PO4, NH4VO3 as raw material, sucrose as a coated carbon source, respectively. The electrochemical properties of Li3V2(PO4)3/C composite material prepared at different sintering temperature between 750°C and 900°C were investigated. The results demonstrated that by adjusting the sintering temperature, the electrochemical performance of the Li3V2(PO4)3/C material tends to be excellent, and when the temperature reaches 750°C, the Li3V2(PO4)3/C composite cathode material with the best electrochemical properties can be obtained.

Abstract: Mg-Al-Fe layered double hydroxides (LDHs) were prepared by coprecipitation method and calcined hydrotalcite (CLDH) was applied to remove chloride anion from wastewater. The influences of calcination temperature, adsorption temperature, adsorption dosage, pH on the removal of chloride have been investigated. The optimum temperature and range of pH were obtained in the experiments and the adsorption capacity reached the highest when the temperature was 30 °C and the pH was 5~11. The residual chloride anion was found to be 2 mg/L with an initial concentration of 100 mg/L. The maximum adsorption capacity was obtained at the LDH calcination temperature of 500 °C. Characterizations of the LDHs were performed using XRD and SEM.

Abstract: FePO₄·2H₂O with orthorhombic flower-like microstructure was synthesized by a facile hydrothermal process which was of low-cost and easy processing in large area. The formation mechanism of the flower-like FePO₄·2H₂O was discussed in details by investigating the different concentration of reactants and reaction time. The results show that the morphology of FePO₄·2H₂O changed from microsphere to flower-like structure, which possess an unique morphology with six petals and the angle of each petal being 60o. The formation mechanism of FePO₄·2H₂O flowers can be explained by the dissolution-recrystallization and crystal splitting.

Abstract: This research through the study on the properties of silicon dust, put forward in combination with lime kiln tail gas recycling carbon dioxide, preparation of precipitated silica (nanoWhite Carbon Black) of high value utilization technology, and studied and summarized process of the dissolution and precipitation by carbon dioxide. The silica fume is in amorphous form, and it has some special powder properties such as ultra fine grain size and high specific surface area and high chemical activity, these provide favorable foundation for low energy consumption process of recycling the powder. In the dissolution stage, the optimization reaction time is about 40 minutes, this time to complete the process of the reaction more than 90%. And the reaction is the fastest in the first 20 minutes, complete response 75% of the reaction. In the stage of carbonization, with increase of the concentration of the precursor, the particle diameter becomes larger, but the specific surface area of the powder will reduce, the porosity and the surface activity of it will reduce corresponding.

Abstract: In the paper, sol-gel method has been used to make F-N, Cl-N co-doped TiO₂ photocatalyst by the artificial zeolite as a carrier. The optimum doping and the best roasting temperature was found. The results showed that N, F co-doped photocatalyst can calcine at 400 °C, and when used in the best doping ratio as n (n-butyl titanate): n (ammonium chloride): n(N)= 1:0.01:0.012, its degradation rate can reach 92.4% in 3.5 hours. The N, Cl co-doped can calcine at 500 °C, and when used in the best doping ratio as n (n-butyl titanate): n (ammonium chloride):n(N) = 1:0.01:0.012 ,and the degradation rate of up to 88% in 3.5 hours. Scanning electron microscopy SEM and UV-visible spectrophotometry methods were used to analysis them,The results show that the experiment photocatalyst prepared in good condition. In the visible condition of the catalytic performance. The effection of F-N catalytic is better than Cl-N, and the degradation of methylene blue in 3.5 hours can reach 92.4%.

Abstract: This paper summarizes the Ge recovery technologies from coal, the traditional treating process is firstly introduced, which is burning and recycle burning the coal for Ge enrichment in the fly ash and then Ge is recovered by Chloride distillation method. The process material balance is calculated as followed. Different hydrometallurgical methods for Ge recovery from ash are compared for the advantage and disadvantage. The other methods like microbial leaching and dry distillation are reviewed as well. Lastly, the drawbacks and development direction of Ge recovery from coal are predicted.

Abstract: A novel cheap macromolecular intumescent flame retardants (Al-MIFR), was synthesized, and its structure was a caged bicyclic macromolecule containing phosphorus-aluminum characterized by IR. Epoxy resins (EP) were modified with Al-MIFR to get the flame retardant EP, whose flammability and burning behavior were characterized by UL 94, limiting oxygen index (LOI), dilatation, char yield, smoke density rating (SDR) and maximum smoke density (MSD). The epoxy resins were obtained for the UL 94 V-0 rating at low Al contents of 4.0 % get a LOI of 26.8% and char yield of 19.5%. Dilatation, SDR and MSD of EP/Al-MIFR decreased. The degradation behavior of the EP/Al-MIFR was studied by TG and EDX analysis. The experimental results exhibited that the initial decomposition temperature (IDT) was decreased, integral procedure decomposition temperature (IPDT) and amounts of Al and P at the residue were increased.

Abstract: Southern pine (Pinus sp.) is liquefied by microwave heating and PEG/lower alcohols mixtures in the presence of phosphoric acid as the catalyst at 125°C or 150°C. The reaction time is of 15 min, and the liquefaction solvent to wood ratio is of 2:1. The different reaction temperatures used in the present paper did not have obvious influences on liquefaction yield, but have important effects on hydroxyl value. The mixture of lower alcohols such as ethanol and glycerine with PEG had a strong effect on the liquefaction process. The highest liquefaction yield was obtained in liquefying solvents mixed 30% of ethanol and 10% of glycerine with 60% of PEG at 150°C, and the maximum hydroxyl value was gained by PEG (60%) and ethanol (40%) at 150 °C.