Growth and Physiological Effects of Model Acid Rain and Lead Contamination to Tall Fescue Seedlings

Abstract:

In order to explore phytoremediation and physiological effect of plant to heavy metal, physiological and biochemical changes of tall fescue seedlings were comparatively analyzed when they were contaminated by lead at different times and concentrations. The results showed that: At three lead concentrations, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activity in tall fescue increased initially and then decreased overall with stress times. Change of POD is slower. It indicated that lead can rapid induce tall fescue protecting enzyme activity at low concentrations or in a short period. Malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were positively correlated with stress time and stress concentrations, which indicated that with the increase of stress concentration and time, membrane lipid peroxidation strengthen. Changes of chlorophyll total concentration increased first and then decreased at low concentration (500 and 1000 mg·L^-1), and continued to decline at high concentration. It indicated tall fescue may adapt low lead stress by increasing chlorophyll to, and lose regulation at high concentrations.Proline content decreased initially and then increased with time at 500,1000 mg·L^-1, however, it was opposite at 1500 mg·L^-1. They were higher than controls, indicating that osmotic adjustment ability enhanced after lead stress. Changes of soluble sugar content were down - up - down with times at three concentrations, eventually they reduced significantly. Therefore, in the process of lead stress, changes of physiological characteristics in tall fescue showed their actively adapt and resistance at low stress, and tolerance and injury at high stress.

• Periodical: Applied Mechanics and Materials (Volume 665)
• Pages: 543-546
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.665.543
• Online since: October 2014
• Authors: Hui Qin Liu, Gao Feng Shen, Yi Liu, Qin Xu, Hui Ping Liu, Ju Cai Han*
• Keywords: Biochemistry Effect, Festuca arundinacea, Lead Contamination, Medium, Physiology

References

[1] A. Singh, M. Agrawal. Acid rain and its ecological consequences. Journal of Environmental Biology, 29. 1(2008).

[2] R. Kumar Sharma, M. Agrawal, F. Marshall. Heavy metal contamination of soil and vegetables in suburban areas of Varanasi, India. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 66. 2(2007) 258-266.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2005.11.007

[3] E. Gorham, S. E. Bayley, D. W. Schindler. Ecological effects of acid deposition upon peatlands: a neglected field in" acid-rain" research. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 41(1984) 1256-1268.

DOI: 10.1139/f84-152

[4] R. L. Chaney. Plant uptake of in organic waste constituents. In: Parr J. F. eds. Land Treatment of Hazardous Wastes. Noyes Data Corporation, Park Ridge, New Jersey, USA. 1983, 50-76.

[5] F. M. Koehler, M. Rossier, M. Waelle, et al. Magnetic EDTA: coupling heavy metal chelators to metal nanomagnets for rapid removal of cadmium, lead and copper from contaminated water. Chemical Communications, 32 (2009) 4862-4864.

DOI: 10.1039/b909447d

[6] http: /zhidao. baidu. com/question/149690259. html.

[7] S. Q. Zhang. Plant physiology experiment tutorial. Beijing: science press, 2011, 191-196, 201-204.

[8] P. L. Gratão, A. Polle, P. J. Lea, et al. Making the life of heavy metal-stressed plants a little easier. Functional Plant Biology, 32, 6(2005) 481-494.

DOI: 10.1071/fp05016

[9] M. J. S. Guangsen. Effect of model acid rain on vegetable growth. Journal of Southwest Agricultural University, 1(1988)2.

[10] M, M. Doubravova, A. Brezinova, et al. Effect of heavy metal ions on growth and biochemical characteristics of photosynthesis of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ). Photosynthetica, 20, 4(1986)418-425.

[11] P. M. Hasegawa, R. A. Bressan, J. K. Zhu, et al. Plant cellular and molecular responses to high salinity. Annual review of plant biology, 51, 1(2000) 463-499.

[12] L. E. Williams, J. K. Pittman, J. L. Hall. Emerging mechanisms for heavy metal transport in plants. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Biomembranes, 1465, 1(2000) 104-126.

DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2736(00)00133-4

[13] Y. Zhang, L. Zhang. Effects of heavy metals on membrane lipid peroxidation, proline and soluble sugar in eoots of hordeum vulgare. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 25, (2006) 857-860.

[14] S. LI Shan, Z. CHENG, X. L. YANG, et al. Effects of Pb and Zn stress on Trichosanthes kirilowii seedlings growth and stress resistance physiological factors. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2008, 2(2008) 278- 281.

[15] HE Bing, HE Ji-xing, HE Xin-hua, et al. Effects of Lead on Physiological Characteristics of Baylerry (Myrica rubra) Seedlings. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 28, 6(2009)1263-1268.