Applied Mechanics and Materials Vol. 820

Abstract: Current increasing of costs for the acquisition of buildings causes effort to efficiently use all the space in these construction projects. The aim is therefore to make maximum use of under-roof space, both in new buildings and in buildings already standing. Because of the trend of construction with light wooden structures wrapped in thermal isolation, it is not easy to avoid summer overheating in under-roof spaces. For this reason, we’ve focused on optimizing building structures in terms of overheating in summer, so that additional costs for air conditioning were negligible or, ideally, non-existent. It is well known from our previous experience that there is smaller rise and fluctuation of indoor air temperature in rooms with heavy mass constructions (e.g. reinforced concrete, bricks, etc.) compared to rooms with light structures.

Abstract: The contribution shows an application of results of previous research regarding new method for more exact calculation of increase of thermal transmittance due to thermal bridges (ΔU-value) on a simple family house. The calculations and evaluations of thermal properties were carried out on ten variants of the selected simple family house.

Abstract: Energy need for heating is depend on the heat loss of the builing. It is essential to minimize heat losses when designing and building energy efficient buildings. For an energy-efficient building in a cold climate, a large part of the space heating demand is caused by transmission losses through the building envelope. The low-energy buildings are enevelope construction with high thermal resistance. The impact of thermal bridges was studied by comparative calculations for a case study building with different amounts of insulation. In the low-energy buildings are envelope construction with high thermal resistance. When more insulation is used the relative impact of thermal bridges increases. In these buildings is necessary to specify each thermal bridges. This thesis deals with the influence of thermal bridges on energy need for heating in low energy wooden houses.

Abstract: Rising living standards have led to a significant increase in building energy consumption over the past few decades. Therefore, along with sustainability requirements, it is essential to establish an effective and precise energy demand model for new buildings. In principle, energy demand in buildings is very important plan to pre-calculate and that is one of the reasons why it is supposed to be precalculated for most of the sustainable buildings. Net Zero-Energy Buildings (NZEBs) have received increased attention in recent years as a result of constant concerns about energy supply constraints, decreasing energy resources, increasing energy costs and the rising impact of greenhouse gases on world climate. Promoting whole building strategies that employ passive measures together with energy efficient systems and technologies using renewable energy became a European political strategy following the publication of the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive recast in May 2010 by the European Parliament and Council. In Net Zero-Energy Buildings (NZEB) is necessary to calculate all factors that influence on energy need for heating. However what is still underestimated is the consideration that the energy performance of any building component is the result not only of its thermophysical properties but also of how are all the components installed and connected to each other. Thermal bridging in buildings can contribute to a multitude of problems. One of the details that create thermal bridges is balcony. This paper is focused to calculate Balcony systems (isokorb) impact on energy need for heating and economic valuation of balcony systems in residential building.

Abstract: This paper is focused on evaluating heat storage impact on indoor air and surface temperature in simulated space environment utilizing methodology described in a STN standards. Reference model is a basic room with inside and outside walls built with rammed earth. Simulation run is taken in extreme summer week. Results are afterwards compared to STN standards conditions and evaluated.

Abstract: Nowadays, residential as well as office buildings are faced to high demands in terms of thermal comfort, which can be defined as a feeling of satisfaction with the thermal aspects of environment, in which the person does not feel hot or cold . This definition means, that the user does not wish hotter or colder environment. [1] This condition is essential to ensure both during winter and summer. Because the staying in a very warm room is uncomfortable, it is necessary to find a solution to cut off overheating of the building. In urban areas, dense development area and areas with lack of green, this temperature increases very quickly and you cannot absorb it. Because of this, it should be considered to design the correct orientation of the habitat of building. In this article we want to highlight the changes in air temperature during the day.

Abstract: Nowadays, the residential buildings are highly demands in every aspect. From technical point of view, it is necessary to observe required thermal performance of buildings structures, which are included in the Slovak technical standard STN 73 0540-2, 31:a) boundary conductance (thermal resistance) b) the internal surface temperature of the building structure c) the amount of condensed and evaporated water vapor in building structures for a year d) heat absorption capacity of floor structure e) annual energy needs for heating f) thermal stability of locality [1]Accomplishment of those requirements should ensure thermal comfort in the living rooms of the building. Thermal comfort is commonly defined as a feeling of satisfaction with the thermal aspects of environment, in which the person does not feel hot or cold. This definition means, that the user does not wish hotter or colder environment. [2]. This feeling of thermal comfort can only be achieved, by optimal design of the entire building, in which they will not neglect the broader relationships as: orientation or building location on the land. Of course it is very important to design cover construction well, as thermal performance view as material base view, where should we make provision for thermal loss, phase change, thermal accumulation etc.

Abstract: According to requirements of STN 73 0540-2, 2012 is defined the requirement to meet energy criteria using the specific heat consumption for heating as well as normalized value of specific heat consumption for heating with expectation of achieving of energy efficiency in buildings. These requirements are followed by springboard to legislative evaluation of buildings in terms of energy performance of building (promulgation 364/2012 Z.z.) – using of energy certificate.Although very significant aspect in this process is the way to implement complex environmental engineering, efficiency of the entire system, the heating medium, renewable energy, energy efficiency is the basis on specific heat consumption for heating. Paper is dealing with assessment of this parameter.

Abstract: The goal of the article is contribution to the topics analysing the optimal window position in external wall in order to get minimal value of linear loss coefficient.

Abstract: The contribution presents a new calculation method for more exact determination of increase of thermal transmittance due to thermal bridges ΔU. Since each building is three-dimensional, to get the objective and exact results, the calculation of heat losses of a building should be carried out using three-dimensional model. However, the 3D calculation is practically rather difficult and very hard realizable in building practice in Slovakia nowadays. It is much simpler to model and calculate a building as two-dimensional. The calculation method presented in this contribution is based on the modeling two-dimensional sections of the whole building taking into account the building as a whole.