Sustainability Analysis of Prototyping Processes

Abstract:

Development of prototypes draws major focus in contemporary manufacturing organisations. Sustainability analysis and comparison of the prototype manufacturing process plays a vital role in deciding the sustainability level of the product. Sustainability of prototyping depends on model building material and model building process. In this paper based on the customer requirements, Environmental Conscious Quality Function Deployment (ECQFD) was carried out. Increased lives, strength, reduced toxicity of material with biodegradability were the major outputs of ECQFD. Cambridge Engineering Selector (CES) and Grey Relation Analysis (GRA) were used for material selection. Wood, ABS, Poly Lactic acid (PLA) and Lead were selected as cost efficient materials for the case product. A CAD model of the case product was developed and subjected to Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) using solid works sustainability express for the above materials. Prototypes of the case products where produced by wood carving, casting, CNC Milling and 3D printing by considering all input parameters required across each process. LCA was conducted using GaBi for the above process and the results were compared. From this study, it was observed that the case product developed using PLA with 3D printing technology had very less impact on environment and is considered as the best and cost effective prototyping method.

• Periodical: Applied Mechanics and Materials (Volume 867)
• Pages: 290-293
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.867.290
• Online since: July 2017
• Authors: Kandasamy Jayakrishna*, P. Sanjay Guar, R. Senthilkumar, Nagarajan Aathis
• Keywords: Life Cycle Analysis (LCA), Prototyping, Sustainability Analysis, Sustainability Manufacturing

References

[1] E. Westkamper, Manufacture and Sustainable Manufacturing, Proceedings of the 41st CIRP Conference Manufacturing Systems, Tokyo, 2008, 11-14.

[2] S. Vinodh, K. Jayakrishna , Development of integrated ECQFD, LCA and sustainable analysis model a case study in an automotive component manufacturing organization, Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology Vol. 12 No. 1 (2014) 102-127.

DOI: 10.1108/jedt-07-2011-0052

[3] C. Boks, The soft side of ecodesign, Journal of Cleaner Production. 14 (2006) 1346-1356.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2005.11.015

[4] H. Hasani, S.A. Tabatabaei, G. Amiri, Grey Relational Analysis to Determine the Optimum Process Parameters for Open-End Spinning Yarns, Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics. Volume 7 Issue 2 (2012).

DOI: 10.1177/155892501200700212

[5] K . Masui, T . Sakao, M . Kobayashi, A. Inaba, Applying Quality Function Deployment to environmentally conscious design, Int J QualReliabManag. 20(1) (2003) 90–106.

DOI: 10.1108/02656710310453836

[6] S . Vinodh, GopinathRathod, Application of ECQFD for enabling environmentally conscious design and sustainable development in an electric vehicle . Clean Techn Environ Policy 13: (2011) 381–396.

DOI: 10.1007/s10098-010-0317-1

[7] S . Vinodh, GopinathRathod , Integration of ECQFD and LCA for sustainable product design, Journal of Cleaner Production. 18 (2010) 833–842.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2009.12.024

[8] W. Scharnhorst, H.J. Althaus, M. Classen, O. Jolliet, L.M. Hilty, The end of life treatment of second generation mobile phone networks: Strategies to reduce the environmental impact, Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 25 (2005) 540-566.

DOI: 10.1016/j.eiar.2005.04.005

[9] S.M. Gupta and J.A. Isaacs, Value Analysis of Disposal Strategies for Automobiles, Computers Ind. Engg, Vol. 33 (1-2) (1997) 325-328.

DOI: 10.1016/s0360-8352(97)00103-4

[10] J.L. Deng, Introduction to Grey system, J. Grey Syst. Volume 1 (1989).

[11] Prototype. " UXL Encyclopaedia of Science. Ed. Amy Hackney Blackwell and Elizabeth Manar. 3rd ed. Farmington Hills, MI: UXL, 2015. Science in Context. Web. 23 Feb. (2016).

[12] M.F. Ashby, Butterworth Heinemann, Materials Selection in Mechanical Design, (4th edition), (2011).