Synthesis the New Nanostructure Ti_0.7Ir_0.3O₂ via Low Temperature Hydrothermal Process

Abstract:

Noncarbon materials were recognized as the catalyst support to increase the durability of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC). One of the most noncarbon materials studied to be an emerging candidate for Pt nanoparticles (Pt NPs) support on the cathode side of PEMFC was M doped-TiO₂ due to the highly stable structure of TiO₂ and the good conductivity of M-doped TiO₂. In this paper, the novel nanostructure Ti_0.7Ir_0.3O₂ was prepared for the first time via low temperature hydrothermal process. The synthesis process for the new nanostructure Ti_0.7Ir_0.3O₂ was studied in detail in this work. The impact of hydrothermal temperature as well as the reaction time on the dominant phase formation is extensively investigated in this work. We found that the Ti_0.7Ir_0.3O₂ nanoparticles exist in both rutile and anatase phase. We found that the Ti_0.7Ir_0.3O₂ nanoparticles with an irregular spherical shape with particle size of approximately 20-30nm with high crystallinity. In addition, we also found that the optimal condition to synthesize the Ti_0.7Ir_0.3O₂ NPs is obtained at 210°C and 10 hours. The result not only introduces a promising catalyst support Ti_0.7Ir_0.3O₂ for much needed fuel cells, but it also open a new material type of Ir doped TiO₂.

• Periodical: Applied Mechanics and Materials (Volume 876)
• Pages: 64-70
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.876.64
• Online since: February 2018
• Authors: Tai Thien Huynh, At Van Nguyen, Hau Quoc Pham, Long Giang Bach, Van Thi Thanh Ho*
• Keywords: Hydrothermal, Ir Doped TiO₂, Nanostructure, Novel Structure, Ti_0.7Ir_0.3O₂

References

[1] U. Lucia, Overview on fuel cells. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 30 (2014) 164-169.

[2] C. Wang, et al., Multimetallic Au/FePt3 nanoparticles as highly durable electrocatalyst. Nano Lett. 11(3) (2011) 919-926.

[3] Y. J. Wang, D. P. Wilkinson, and J. Zhang, Noncarbon support materials for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell electrocatalysts. Chem. Rev. 111(12) (2011) 7625-7651.

DOI: 10.1021/cr100060r

[4] J. Parrondo, et al., Platinum supported on titanium-ruthenium oxide is a remarkably stable electrocatayst for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 111(1) (2014) 45-50.

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1319663111

[5] V. T. Ho, et al., Robust non-carbon Ti0. 7Ru0. 3O2 support with co-catalytic functionality for Pt: enhances catalytic activity and durability for fuel cells. Energ. Envir. Sci. 4(10) (2011) 4194.

DOI: 10.1039/c1ee01522b

[6] V. T. Ho, et al., Nanostructured Ti(0. 7)Mo(0. 3)O2 support enhances electron transfer to Pt: high-performance catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133(30) (2011) 11716-11724.

DOI: 10.1021/ja2039562

[7] D. A. Stevens, et al., Ex Situ and In Situ Stability Studies of PEMFC Catalysts. J. Electrochem. Soc. 152(12) (2005) A2309.

DOI: 10.1149/1.2097361

[8] R. Kou, et al., Stabilization of Electrocatalytic Metal Nanoparticles at Metal−Metal Oxide−Graphene Triple Junction Points. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133(8) (2011) 2541-2547.

DOI: 10.1021/ja107719u

[9] M. M. Shaijumon, S. Ramaprabhu, and N. Rajalakshmi, Platinum/multiwalled carbon nanotubes-platinum/carbon composites as electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction in proton exchange membrane fuel cell. Appl. Phys. Lett. 88(25) (2006) 253105.

DOI: 10.1063/1.2214139

[10] S. Ghosh, S. Mondal, and C. Retna Raj, Carbon nanotube-supported dendritic Pt-on-Pd nanostructures: growth mechanism and electrocatalytic activity towards oxygen reduction reaction. J. Mater. Chem. A, 2(7) (2014) 2233-2239.

DOI: 10.1039/c3ta13954a

[11] Y. Shao, et al., Novel catalyst support materials for PEMfuelcells: current status and future prospects. J. Mater. Chem. 19(1) (2009) 46-59.

DOI: 10.1039/b808370c

[12] S. Y. Huang, et al., Development of a Titanium Dioxide-Supported Platinum Catalyst with Ultrahigh Stability for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Applications. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131(39) (2009) 13898-13899.

DOI: 10.1021/ja904810h

[13] P. Dhanasekaran, et al., Rutile TiO2 Supported Pt as Stable Electrocatalyst for Improved Oxygen Reduction Reaction and Durability in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells. Electrocatal. 7(6) (2016) 495-506.

DOI: 10.1007/s12678-016-0329-7

[14] P. Mazúr, et al., Non-conductive TiO2 as the anode catalyst support for PEM water electrolysis. Int. J. Hydr. Energ. 37(17) (2012) 12081-12088.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.05.129

[15] C. V. Subban, et al., Sol−Gel Synthesis, Electrochemical Characterization, and Stability Testing of Ti0. 7W0. 3O2 Nanoparticles for Catalyst Support Applications in Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132(49) (2010).

DOI: 10.1021/ja1074163

[16] I. Jang, I. Hwang, and Y. Tak, Attenuated degradation of a PEMFC cathode during fuel starvation by using carbon-supported IrO2. Electrochim. Acta, 90 (2013) 148-156.

DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.12.034

[17] E. Antolini, Iridium As Catalyst and Cocatalyst for Oxygen Evolution/Reduction in Acidic Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Electrolyzers and Fuel Cells. ACS Catal. 4(5) (2014) 1426-1440.

DOI: 10.1021/cs4011875

[18] Y. Zheng, et al., Hydrothermal Preparation of Nanosized Brookite Powders. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 83(10) (2000) 2634-2636.

[19] S. Bakardjieva, et al., Transformation of brookite-type TiO2 nanocrystals to rutile: correlation between microstructure and photoactivity. J. Mater. Chem. 16(18) (2006) 1709.

DOI: 10.1039/b514632a

[20] K. Yanagisawa, and J. Ovenstone, Crystallization of Anatase from Amorphous Titania Using the Hydrothermal Technique:  Effects of Starting Material and Temperature. J. Phys. Chem. B, 103(37) (1999) 7781-7787.

DOI: 10.1021/jp990521c