Reducing Testing Time by Considering the Rubber Curing Time in Tire Manufacturing Company

Abstract:

Abstract. Vulcanization and testing are important in the tire industry. This paper aims to reduce the total time of testing by considering the effect of rubberized vulcanization curing time on the peeling test. The experiment utilizes rubberized from natural rubber and polyester fabric as a sample. Furthermore, this paper investigates the shortest time which still maintains the standard properties of the product. This paper use nonfactorial Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with five variations of curing time including 20; 30; 40; 50; and 60 minutes. The results show that the duration of curing time affected the Force value and visualization of the peeling test. The result indicates that the most efficient rubberized curing time treatment was 30 minutes and obtained Force values 201 N, 216 N, 214 N, 201 N, and 211 N with an average of 208.6 N. Moreover, the result shows satisfactory adhesion characteristics in three category visualization values. Therefore, the sample met the company standard in both aspects of testingKeywords: Vulcanization, tire, curing time, peeling test, rubberized

• Periodical: Applied Mechanics and Materials (Volume 915)
• Pages: 105-113
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/p-AsYzB7
• Online since: August 2023
• Authors: Raden Bagus Seno Wulung*, Syah Reihan Saputri
• Keywords: Curing Time, Peeling Test, Rubberized, Tire, Vulcanization

References

[1] A.Ciesielski, An Introduction Rubber Technology,Rapra Technology Limited,Shrebury, 1999.

[2] T.L.M. Baumard, A.G. Thomas, J.J.C. Busfield, Fatigue Peeling at rubber interface. Plastics, Rubber, and Composites 14 (2012).

DOI: 10.1179/1743289812y.0000000033

[3] E.T.McDonel,Tire Cord and Cord to Rubber Bonding, in: A.N. Gent, J.D. Walter,The Pneumatic Tire, Mechanical Engineering Faculty Research, University of Akron, Ohio, 2006, pp.80-104

[4] B.E. Lindenmuth, An Overview of Tire Technology, in: A.N. Gent, J.D. Walter, The Pneumatic Tire, Mechanical Engineering Faculty Research, University of Akron, Ohio, 2006, pp.1-27

[5] T. Berger, M. Kaliske, An arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian formulation for tyre production simulation, Finite Elements in Analysis and Design, 204(2022)

DOI: 10.1016/j.finel.2022.103742

[6] P. Kynčlová, S. Upadhyaya, T.Nice, Composite index as a measure on achieving Sustainable Development Goal 9 (SDG-9) industry-related targets: The SDG-9 index, Applied Energy, 265 (2020) pp.1-12.

DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.114755

[7] W. Ferdous, A. Siddique, P.Mendis, H.S. Wong, W.Lokuge, T.Aravinthan, P.Schubel, Y.Zhuge, Resources, Conservation & Recycling, 173 (2021) pp.1-13.

DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105745

[8] Y.A. Fatimah, K.Govindan, R.Murniningsih, A.Setiawan, Industry 4.0 based sustainable circular economy approach for smart waste management system to achieve sustainable development goals: A case study of Indonesia, Journal of Cleaner Production, 269 (2020) pp.1-15

DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122263

[9] J.G. Sommer, Engineered Rubber Product, Introduction to Design, manufacture and Testing. Hanser Publications, Cincinnati, 2009.

[10] K. Amongkar, J.K. Kittur, Productivity improvement in tyre manufacturing plant, International Journal of Advanced Research, Ideas, and Innovations in Technology, 5(2019)

[11] A.S. Aprem, S. Thomas, K. Joseph, N.M. Barkoula, J.K. Kocsis, Sulphur vulcanization of styrene butadiene rubber using new binary accelerator system. Journal of Elastomers and Plastics, 35(2003), pp: 29-55

DOI: 10.1177/009524403031095

[12] ASTM Standards. 2008. ASTM D 1876-01 Standard Test Method for Peel Resistance of Adhesives (T-Peel Test). ASTM International. West Conshohocken. PA. United States.

[13] R.B. Durairaj, Resorcinol Formaldehyde Latex (RFL) Adhesives and Applications. In: Resorcinol. Springer, Berlin, Heidelber, 2005, pp:263-339

DOI: 10.1007/3-540-28090-1_6

[14] S. Daud, H.Ismail, A.A. Bakar, A Study on the curing characteristic, tensile, fatigue, and morphological properties of alkali-treated palm kernel shell-filled natural rubber composites, BioResources, 12 (2017): 1273-1287.

DOI: 10.15376/biores.12.1.1273-1287

[15] T.L.M. Baumard, Investigation on Fatigue Failure in Tyres. [Thesis], The School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, (2016)

[16] Rahmaniar, T. Susanto, P. Marlina, H.A. Prasetya, M. Purbaya, Studies on curing, tensile, and adhesion characteristic of cushion gum to carcass in truck retreaded tires: the effect of natural rubber types. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 963, (2022)

DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/963/1/012032