Applied Mechanics and Materials Vol. 924

Abstract: This paper introduces a cutting-edge solar photovoltaic (PV) tied electric vehicle (EV) charging system integrating a bilateral chopper. The system aims to optimize energy utilization and enhance grid interaction by allowing bidirectional power flow between the solar PV array, electric vehicle, and the grid. The bilateral chopper serves as a pivotal component, enabling seamless energy transfer, storage, and distribution. The proposed system incorporates advanced control algorithms to manage energy flow dynamically, considering variables such as solar irradiance, EV charging demands, and grid conditions. The bidirectional converter facilitates efficient energy exchange, allowing surplus solar energy to charge the EV and, conversely, enabling the EV to provide power back to the grid during peak demand or grid support scenarios. Key features of the system include real-time monitoring and control through a smart grid interface, enabling users to optimize charging schedules based on renewable energy convenience and grid conditions. The bilateral chopper enhances the system's flexibility, enabling it to operate in grid-tied, off-grid, or hybrid modes, contributing to increased sustainability and resilience in the overall energy ecosystem. This innovative solar PV tied electric vehicle charging system offers a compelling solution for promoting clean and sustainable transportation while effectively integrating non-conventional energy sources into the broader power grid. The research findings provide valuable insights into the feasibility, performance, and potential benefits of such integrated systems in the context of future smart and sustainable energy infrastructures.

Abstract: This article presents the design of an automatic power transmission position adjustment system for small-sized cars and studies the efficiency of power transfer through the alignment of transmitting and receiving coil windings used in power transfer. The results show that the efficiency of electrical power transfer is highest when the transmitting and receiving coils are aligned at 92.65%, corresponding to the position (0,0). Thus, (0,0) serves as the reference point for designing the power transmission position adjustment system. The entire system is processed and controlled by a microcontroller. In the experiments, the car needs to park on the position adjustment set, maintaining a distance between the sensor and the rear bumper greater than or equal to 10 cm. Testing distances between the car's bumper and the ultrasonic sensor are set at 10, 15, 20, and 25 cm. The results obtained from the testing are compiled to assess positional misalignment.

Abstract: Fly ash is a material suitable for making concrete because of its silica, alumina, and calcium contents, which can improve the compressive strength of concrete. In this study, the researcher tried to renew a mixture that is resistant to corrosion using fly ash and calculating the powder in an oven at 200°C for 60 min to change the nature of the shell powder to become reactive in a concrete mixture. Using experimental methods and supported by previous studies. In this experiment, normal concrete (Fc' = 30 MPa. In this study using 6 formulations, with Fly ash 10%, 10%, 15%, 10%, 5%, and 13% of cement and clamshell power 10%, 20%, 20%, 20%, 20%, and 17%, respectively) from sand. The influence of seawater on salty materials, such as shells, and pozzolanic materials, such as fly ash, during drying affects the compressive strength of concrete. The addition of 20% shellfish powder as a substitute for river sand and a combination of 15% fly ash as a substitute for cement (code. C3-SC) greatly affected the performance of concrete for application in marine areas, with the result that the compressive strength of this composition did not decrease. With a curing experiment using seawater, the compressive strength results at the age of 7 days were 23.93 MPa, at the age of 14 days were 33.55 MPa, and at the age of 28 days were 34.02 MPa. These results indicate that the compressive strength of concrete with this mixture does not decrease. From the research results, it can be concluded that calcined shellfish and fly ash powder materials can be applied to concrete in seawater areas.

Abstract: Sand waves are large and transverse bed features, typically with lengths and heights of about 100-500 m and 2-10 m, respectively. The height can grow up to 30% of the average water depth, especially in shallow water conditions. Sand waves can migrate up to around 10 m/year and may profoundly impact subsea infrastructure, such as offshore pipelines and cables, key elements of offshore energy development. In this study, the evolution and migration of sand waves in the Dutch shoreface, North Sea 1986, was investigated using the Regional Oceanographic Modeling System (ROMS) and validated with DELFT3D and survey results from 2000. ROMS is an open-source oceanographic model available for free, created by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) to simulate ocean circulation, sediment transport, and seabed morphodynamics. Calibration of ROMS model conducted by modelling velocity profile in different location and free surface compared to field data. Validation ROMS and DELFT3D result was conducted by comparison the sandwave profile plotting in same graph. ROMS' simulation results agree with DELFT3D's results regarding horizontal grid size; vertical grid level; stretching parameters; time step; sediment diameter; M2 tide velocity which is the most dominant tidal constituent, representing the principal lunar semi-diurnal tide that has a period of approximately 12.42 hours and is caused by the gravitational pull of the Moon; M4 tide velocity which is the overtide of M2, generated by nonlinear interactions, especially in shallow water regions, a harmonic of M2 and has a period of approximately 6.21 hours (half the period of M2); net current in tidal; water depth; and waves. It can be concluded that horizontal grid size and stretching parameters are weakly sensitive to the results. In contrast, sediment diameter, M2 tide velocity, M4 tide velocity, net current in tidal, water depth, and waves may affect the migration significantly. Even though vertical grid level and time step parameters impact the results, these parameters need to be defined with a certain value following the Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy (CFL) condition.

Abstract: The use of asphalt in road construction remains a top choice in many countries due to its advantages in providing a smooth surface, resistance to vehicle loads, and weather resistance. The limited availability of oil asphalt (AMI) as a binding material for road pavement layers causes the price to be expensive. The need for asphalt for road construction (excluding maintenance) reaches 1.6 million tons/year. Therefore, various efforts have been made to suppress the use of AMIs. One of the currently used asphalt is Asbuton extraction modified asphalt (AMO). In this regard, the purpose of the study is: To analyze the performance of AC-BC mixtures using a combination of AMI and AMO with Marine Fuel Oil (MFO) and to determine the best proportion of AMI and AMO combinations for AC-BC mixtures. Experiments were conducted in a laboratory using the Marshall Method. The best proportion of AMO usage is sought by making 5 variations of AMI and AMO comparisons, namely 100%:0%, 75%:25%, 50%:50%, 25%:75%, 0%:100%. The results of the Performance of Modified Buton Asphalt with Marine Fuel Oil in Asphalt Pavement Mixtures research are 1) The use of AMO for AC-BC mixtures can be used up to a proportion of 50% to AMI, but above 50% is not eligible because the flow value is above 4%; 2) The best proportion is obtained at 50%AMI proportion: 50%AMO, with the highest stability for the range that meets the requirements. Recommendations for improving the results are experiments with varying proportions of AMO between 50% and 70% to identify more flexible tolerance limits and mixture adjustments that may allow the use of AMO in higher proportions. This includes research on modifying additives or other materials that may reduce the flow value.

Abstract: An information model of an ancient building in Odessa was built during its restoration with the calculation and strengthening of load-bearing structures. The Autodesk Revit complex was used to build the model. Visualization was performed in the Lumion program. The load-bearing capacity of reinforced concrete structures – lintels and floor slabs – was checked. A technical examination showed that the floor slabs had no damage and did not need reinforcement, so a model of the slab was built in ANSYS 21R2 and an analysis of its load-bearing capacity and deformability was performed using the finite element method, which showed that the stresses and deflections of the slab under operating loads are significantly less than the maximum values. And upon visual inspection of the jumpers, it turned out that some of them were damaged in the stretched area and needed reinforcement. This reinforcement was carried out with steel fiber reinforced concrete, having previously carried out laboratory experimental studies and computer modeling in Autodesk Robot Structural Analysis Professional.

Abstract: The work is devoted to the state and prospects for the development of BIM technologies in Ukraine. A review and analysis of domestic and foreign publications on the problem under study was carried out. The regulatory framework has been analyzed. It is argued that many problems of introducing building information modeling in the construction industry of foreign countries and, especially, Ukraine still require solutions. Several groups of specific problems associated with the implementation of BIM technologies are considered: in terms of design; in terms of construction; in terms of operation. The main activities for the successful implementation of BIM technologies in Ukraine are highlighted: combining best practices for the formation of regulations for BIM processes, taking into account international experience; a single data exchange unit for CAD integration and state coordination of this exchange; revision of existing budget standards; additional development of new cost estimates that take into account new technologies, new materials, machines and mechanisms; a unified coding system for enlarged units and structural elements of buildings in CAD systems with reference to estimate standards; unified classification of resources and services for construction in accordance with BIM technologies and harmonization with international standards; creation and maintenance of a database of regional prices for material resources; a unified open data format for transferring an information model of an object at different stages of design, construction, and operation into various software products; mandatory regulatory and financial support from the state.

Abstract: The assessment of bridge structures is not only relevant, but also an integral part of effective infrastructure management aimed at ensuring safety, convenience and comfort for citizens. Many bridges have been destroyed due to imperfect design, the use of low-quality materials, and inappropriate construction methods. Consideration of natural and human factors in the design, construction and operation of bridge structures is key to ensuring their safety, durability and long-term performance. Any defects require careful monitoring, assessment and timely repair to ensure the safety and reliability of bridges. Various methods are used to inspect bridge structures. Inspection methods can be used individually or in combination to obtain comprehensive information on the condition of bridge structures and take the necessary measures for their maintenance and repair. In work to determine the stresses in a bridge, we use the finite element method (LIRA 9.4 R3). The inspection of the bridge's structures revealed a number of defects resulting from corrosion processes, operational factors and certain structural deficiencies. To ensure the durability of the bridge structures, it is necessary to reconstruct the bridge.

Abstract: The aim of this work is to develop a numerical model and perform numerical simulations of avalanche-like collapse of buildings and structures in case of fire and explosions, taking into account the peculiarities of soil performance and its properties. The LIRA-SAPR software is a promising tool for calculations and modelling.